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Sjogren’s Disease, An Issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book

Sjogren’s Disease, An Issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book

R. Hal Scofield

(2016)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

This issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics is devoted to Sjogren's Disease. The articles will include everything from the Use of Biologics, Autoantibodies, and Genetics, to Proteomics of Saliva/Tears, Parotid Biopsy, Use of Ultrasound, and many more!

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Sjogren's Disease\r i
Copyright\r ii
Contributors iii
CONSULTING EDITOR iii
EDITOR iii
AUTHORS iii
Contents vii
Foreword: Sjogren Disease\r vii
Preface: Sjögren Syndrome in the Twenty-First Century\r vii
Use of Biologics in Sjögren’s Syndrome\r vii
Autoantibodies in Sjögren’s Syndrome\r vii
Genetics in Sjögren Syndrome\r vii
The Proteomics of Saliva in Sjögren’s Syndrome\r viii
Polyautoimmunity in Sjögren Syndrome\r viii
Salivary Gland Pathology in Sjögren’s Syndrome\r viii
Parotid Gland Biopsy, the Alternative Way to Diagnose Sjögren Syndrome\r viii
Major Salivary Gland Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Place in the Diagnostic Criteria?\r ix
Sjögren Syndrome: Why Do Clinical Trials Fail?\r ix
New Treatment Guidelines for Sjögren's Disease\r ix
RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS\rOF NORTH AMERICA\r x
FORTHCOMING ISSUES x
November 2016 x
February 2017 x
May 2017 x
RECENT ISSUES x
May 2016 x
February 2016 x
November 2015 x
Foreword: Sjogren's Disease\r xi
Preface: Sjögren Syndrome in the Twenty-First Century\r xiii
Use of Biologics in Sjögren's Syndrome 407
Key points 407
INTRODUCTION 407
WHAT ARE THE THERAPEUTIC OBJECTIVES IN PRIMARY SJÖGREN SYNDROME? 408
B-cell Target Therapies 408
B cell as a central actor of primary Sjögren syndrome pathogeny 408
Rituximab 408
Registries and open-labeled studies 408
Randomized controlled studies 409
Epratuzumab 409
B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family inhibition 411
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR BLOCKERS 411
NEW TARGETS AND FUTURE HOPES 411
Novel Strategies to Target B Cells 411
Germinal Centerlike Structures: A Promising Target 413
Lymphotoxin 413
CD4 T follicular helper cells 413
T-Cell Costimulation 414
Type I Interferons 414
RESEARCH AGENDA 414
REFERENCES 414
Autoantibodies in Sjögren’s Syndrome 419
Key points 419
INTRODUCTION 419
AUTOANTIBODIES PRECEDE DISEASE 420
SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME B (SSB) 421
ANTI-RO/SSA IN NEONATAL LUPUS 422
RHEUMATOID FACTOR 424
ANTI-MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR AUTOANTIBODIES 424
ANTI-CENTROMERE ANTIBODY 425
OTHER AUTOANTIBODIES IN SJÖGREN SYNDROME 426
NOVEL ANTIBODIES 427
SUMMARY 428
REFERENCES 428
Genetics in Sjögren Syndrome 435
Key points 435
ANTIGEN PRESENTATION 436
THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE 437
LYMPHOCYTE REGULATION AND ACTIVATION 439
OTHER GENES WITH SUGGESTIVE ASSOCIATIONS IN SJÖGREN SYNDROME 440
REFERENCES 442
The Proteomics of Saliva in Sjögren's Syndrome 449
Key points 449
INTRODUCTION 449
SALIVA: PRODUCTION AND SECRETION 450
COMPOSITION 450
FUNCTION 451
SALIVA FOR BIOMARKER DISCOVERY IN PRIMARY SJÖGREN SYNDROME 451
An Attractive Biofluid 451
Challenges 451
Immunologic Proteins in Saliva 451
Salivary Proteomics for Primary Sjögren Syndrome Diagnosis 452
Prognostic Biomarkers of Lymphoma in Primary Sjögren Syndrome 453
SUMMARY 453
REFERENCES 454
Polyautoimmunity in Sjögren Syndrome 457
Key points 457
INTRODUCTION 457
Historical Perspective 459
Polyautoimmunity or Overlap Syndrome? 459
POLYAUTOIMMUNITY IN SJÖGREN SYNDROME 461
Sjögren Syndrome and Autoimmune Hepatitis 461
Sjögren Syndrome and Rheumatoid Arthritis 464
Sjögren Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 464
Sjögren Syndrome and Systemic Sclerosis 464
Sjögren Syndrome and Hepatic Autoimmune Diseases 465
SEVERITY OF POLYAUTOIMMUNITY 465
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POLYAUTOIMMUNITY IN SJÖGREN SYNDROME 466
AUTOIMMUNE TAUTOLOGY AND SJÖGREN SYNDROME 466
FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS 467
SUMMARY 468
REFERENCES 468
Salivary Gland Pathology in Sjögren's Syndrome 473
Key points 473
INTRODUCTION 473
SALIVARY GLAND EPITHELIAL CELLS AND ACTIVATION OF THE INTERFERON TYPE I PATHWAY 474
T LYMPHOCYTES 475
B CELLS AND LYMPHONEOGENESIS 476
TISSUE DAMAGE/FIBROSIS AND DRYNESS 478
SUMMARY 478
REFERENCES 478
Parotid Gland Biopsy, the Alternative Way to Diagnose Sjögren Syndrome 485
Key points 485
INTRODUCTION 485
MINOR SALIVARY GLAND BIOPSY 486
Surgical Considerations 486
Histologic Grading 487
Complications 487
PAROTID GLAND BIOPSY 487
Surgical Considerations 487
Histologic Grading 491
Complications 492
SUITABILITY OF SALIVARY GLAND BIOPSIES 492
Diagnostic 492
Disease Progression 493
Treatment Evaluation Purposes 493
SALIVARY GLAND BIOPSIES AND LYMPHOMAS 495
SUMMARY 495
REFERENCES 496
Major Salivary Gland Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Sjögren’s Syndrome 501
Key points 501
INTRODUCTION 501
MODALITIES FOR SALIVARY GLAND IMAGING 503
Ultrasonography and Sialography 503
Ultrasonography and Sialoscintigraphy 505
NOVEL PERSPECTIVES 506
Gray Scale and Color/Power Doppler 506
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography 507
Sonoelastography 507
DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATIONS AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE 508
Scoring Systems 508
Juvenile Sjögren’s Syndrome 512
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION 513
REFERENCES 514
Sjögren Syndrome 519
Key points 519
INTRODUCTION 519
BACKGROUND 520
REASONS FOR FAILURE OF TRIALS OF BIOLOGICS IN SJÖGREN SYNDROME TRIALS 520
MAJOR PROBLEM IN ENROLLING SJÖGREN SYNDROME PATIENTS WITH EXTRAGLANDULAR MANIFESTATIONS: MANY OF THE SICKEST SJÖGREN SYNDRO ... 523
A PRACTICAL METHOD TO IMPROVE DIAGNOSIS OF SJÖGREN SYNDROME PATIENTS 524
THE MECHANISMS OF FATIGUE 524
THE FUNCTIONAL CIRCUIT 525
SUMMARY 526
REFERENCES 527
APPENDIX 1 530
New Treatment Guidelines for Sjögren's Disease 531
Key points 531
INTRODUCTION 532
HIGH BURDEN OF ILLNESS 532
GUIDELINES DEVELOPMENT 532
DEFINING CLINICAL ISSUES 533
TOPIC REVIEW AND THE DELPHI CONSENSUS PROCESS 534
Guidelines for Oral Management 534
Index 553