BOOK
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology E-Book
Jill E. Maddison | Stephen W Page | David B Church
(2008)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology is a practical, clinically-oriented pharmacology text designed to provide the veterinary student and practitioner with all the relevant information needed when designing drug treatment regimens for pets in small animal veterinary practice. Comprehensively updated and revised, the second edition of this core text covers essential new information on drugs used in the management of a range of presenting conditions including heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias. For the second edition new authors, superb new illustrations and a second colour have all been introduced. With its unique approach combining a thorough understanding of the pharmacological action of drugs with a basic understanding of the relevant physiology and pathophysiology of systems and tissues affected, Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology continues to be an indispensable book for all veterinary students and practitioners.
- Organised by drug class in a uniform and detailed structure which means it is easy to locate key information on dose rates, routes of administration, drug interactions and special considerations at a glance
- Key chapters based around treatment of disorders of particular body systems, eg cardiovascular and thyroid disorders
- Essential introductory chapters covering pharmacokinetics, general pharmacological principles and adverse reactions for a thorough basic grounding in the subject
- All authors are experienced clinicians and recognised experts in their field who bring a down to earth and practical approach to the text
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | Cover | ||
| Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Table of contents | v | ||
| Contributors | vi | ||
| Preface | viii | ||
| Dedication | ix | ||
| Chapter 1: Principles of clinical pharmacology | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| DEFINITIONS | 1 | ||
| HOW DRUGS WORK | 3 | ||
| DRUG RECEPTORS | 4 | ||
| DRUG NOMENCLATURE | 8 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS | 10 | ||
| SOURCES OF INFORMATION | 10 | ||
| FACTORS THAT MODIFY DRUG EFFECTS AND DOSAGE | 11 | ||
| PLACEBO EFFECTS | 19 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ANIMAL DRUGS | 20 | ||
| LABELING OF DRUGS | 22 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF GOOD PRESCRIBING PRACTICE/RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMPANION ANIMAL CLINICIANS | 23 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 26 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 26 | ||
| Chapter 2: Clinical pharmacokinetics | 27 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 27 | ||
| THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF PHARMACOKINETICS | 27 | ||
| PHARMACOKINETICS AND THE VETERINARY CLINICIAN | 33 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING AS AN AID IN THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CERTAIN DISEASES | 37 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 37 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 37 | ||
| APPENDIX: PHARMACOKINETIC EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING PARAMETERS FROM DOSE ADMINISTRATION EXPERIMENTS | 38 | ||
| Chapter 3: Adverse drug reactions | 41 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS | 41 | ||
| INCIDENCE OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS | 42 | ||
| IDENTIFICATION OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS | 46 | ||
| FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE TYPE A ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS | 47 | ||
| TYPE B ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS (HYPERSENSITIVITY) | 55 | ||
| REPORTING SUSPECTED ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS | 56 | ||
| REFERENCES | 57 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 58 | ||
| Chapter 4: The pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system | 59 | ||
| ANATOMICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | 59 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | 60 | ||
| NEUROTRANSMISSION IN THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | 61 | ||
| THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – CHOLINERGIC SYNAPSES | 61 | ||
| THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – CATECHOLAMINERGIC SYNAPSES | 69 | ||
| DRUGS ACTING ON THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THEIR CLINICAL APPLICATION | 74 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 82 | ||
| Chapter 5: Anesthetic agents | 83 | ||
| INHALATIONAL ANESTHETICS | 83 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 83 | ||
| GENERAL CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 83 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES | 83 | ||
| INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENTS | 84 | ||
| INJECTABLE ANESTHETICS | 95 | ||
| INJECTABLE ANESTHETIC AGENTS | 95 | ||
| LOCAL ANESTHETICS | 108 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 112 | ||
| Chapter 6: Sedatives | 113 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 113 | ||
| GENERAL CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 113 | ||
| RELEVANT PHYSIOLOGY | 113 | ||
| CLASSES OF SEDATIVE/TRANQUILIZER | 114 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 125 | ||
| Chapter 7: Behavior-modifying drugs | 126 | ||
| CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS | 126 | ||
| NEUROPHYSIOLOGY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY OF BEHAVIOR | 127 | ||
| CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR-MODIFYING DRUGS | 129 | ||
| ANTIHISTAMINES | 129 | ||
| ANTIPSYCHOTICS (NEUROLEPTICS) | 130 | ||
| ANTICONVULSANTS | 132 | ||
| b-BLOCKERS | 132 | ||
| OPIOID AGONISTS/ANTAGONISTS | 133 | ||
| CNS STIMULANTS – AMFETAMINES | 133 | ||
| BENZODIAZEPINES | 134 | ||
| ANTIDEPRESSANTS | 136 | ||
| AZASPIRODECANEDIONES – AZASPIRONES | 141 | ||
| HORMONES | 142 | ||
| a-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS | 143 | ||
| a-ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS | 144 | ||
| PHEROMONES | 144 | ||
| ERGOT ALKALOIDS | 145 | ||
| LITHIUM | 146 | ||
| XANTHINE DERIVATIVE GLIAL CELL MODULATORS | 146 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 147 | ||
| Chapter 8: Antibacterial drugs | 148 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY | 148 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS | 157 | ||
| b-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS | 159 | ||
| PENICILLINS | 159 | ||
| CLASSES OF PENICILLINS | 161 | ||
| b-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS | 163 | ||
| CEPHALOSPORINS AND CEPHAMYCINS | 164 | ||
| CARBAPENEMS | 168 | ||
| PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS | 169 | ||
| ANTIBACTERIALS ACTING BY INHIBITING CELL MEMBRANE FUNCTION | 170 | ||
| ANTIMICROBIALS AFFECTING BACTERIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS | 170 | ||
| AMINOGLYCOSIDES AND AMINOCYCLITOLS | 170 | ||
| TETRACYCLINES | 173 | ||
| CHLORAMPHENICOL | 175 | ||
| MACROLIDES AND LINCOSAMIDES | 176 | ||
| ANTIMICROBIALS AFFECTING NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS | 178 | ||
| SULFONAMIDES AND POTENTIATORS | 178 | ||
| FLUOROQUINOLONES | 180 | ||
| METRONIDAZOLE | 183 | ||
| RIFAMPICIN (RIFAMPIN) | 184 | ||
| NITROFURANS | 184 | ||
| CLOFAZIMINE | 185 | ||
| SUMMARY OF ACTIVITY/INACTIVITY OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS | 185 | ||
| Chapter 9: Systemic antifungal therapy | 186 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 186 | ||
| AMPHOTERICIN B | 186 | ||
| FLUCYTOSINE | 189 | ||
| AZOLE ANTIFUNGALS | 189 | ||
| NEW TRIAZOLES | 193 | ||
| GRISEOFULVIN | 194 | ||
| ALLYLAMINES | 195 | ||
| ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS THAT TARGET THE FUNGAL CELL WALL | 196 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 196 | ||
| Chapter 10: Antiparasitic drugs | 198 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 198 | ||
| PUBLIC HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS | 198 | ||
| APPARENT INEFFICACY | 198 | ||
| SELECTIVE TOXICITY | 199 | ||
| INTERNAL PARASITICIDES | 200 | ||
| BENZIMIDAZOLES | 200 | ||
| NICOTINIC ANTHELMINTICS | 208 | ||
| MACROCYCLIC LACTONE PARASITICIDES | 210 | ||
| AVERMECTINS | 211 | ||
| MILBEMYCINS | 213 | ||
| CYCLO-OCTADEPSIPEPTIDES | 214 | ||
| CESTOCIDES | 214 | ||
| ARSENICALS | 217 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS ANTHELMINTICS | 219 | ||
| EXTERNAL PARASITICIDES | 221 | ||
| FORMAMIDINES | 224 | ||
| INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS AND INSECT DEVELOPMENT INHIBITORS | 225 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS EXTERNAL PARASITICIDES | 226 | ||
| NEONICOTINOIDS | 228 | ||
| PHENYL PYRAZOLES | 228 | ||
| SEMICARBAZONE | 230 | ||
| REPELLENTS | 230 | ||
| DEET | 231 | ||
| SYNERGISTS | 232 | ||
| ANTICHOLINESTERASE PARASITICIDES | 232 | ||
| PYRETHRINS AND SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS | 234 | ||
| ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS | 236 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 244 | ||
| APPENDIX: PARASITES OF DOGS AND CATS | 245 | ||
| Chapter 11: Glucocorticosteroids and antihistamines | 261 | ||
| GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS | 261 | ||
| ANTIHISTAMINES | 266 | ||
| REFERENCE | 269 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 269 | ||
| Chapter 12: Immunomodulatory therapy | 270 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 270 | ||
| DRUGS WITH IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS | 270 | ||
| DRUGS WITH IMMUNOSTIMULATORY EFFECTS | 279 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS AGENTS REPORTED TO HAVE IMMUNOSTIMULATORY ACTIVITY | 284 | ||
| FUTURE IMMUNOTHERAPY | 285 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 285 | ||
| Chapter 13: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chondroprotective agents | 287 | ||
| APPROVED NSAIDS FOR SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE (ORDERED ALPHABETICALLY) | 297 | ||
| UNAPPROVED NSAIDS USED IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE | 303 | ||
| CHONDROPROTECTIVE AGENTS FOR SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE | 306 | ||
| APPROVED CHONDROPROTECTIVE DRUGS FOR SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE | 307 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 308 | ||
| Chapter 14: Opioid analgesics | 309 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 309 | ||
| CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL OPIOID AGONISTS | 318 | ||
| PARTIAL AGONISTS | 326 | ||
| AGONISTS–ANTAGONISTS | 326 | ||
| OPIOID ANTAGONISTS | 328 | ||
| Chapter 15: Cancer chemotherapy | 330 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 330 | ||
| GENERAL INDICATIONS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY | 330 | ||
| RELEVANT PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CANCER | 330 | ||
| IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT IN CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY | 331 | ||
| DRUG HANDLING | 334 | ||
| STABILITY OF INJECTABLE CYTOTOXIC DRUGS | 334 | ||
| COMPOUNDING DRUGS | 335 | ||
| CYTOTOXIC DRUG CLASSES | 335 | ||
| TUBULIN-BINDING AGENTS | 335 | ||
| ALKYLATING AGENTS | 340 | ||
| ANTHRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS | 348 | ||
| OTHER ANTITUMOUR ANTIBIOTICS | 352 | ||
| PLATINUM ANALOGS | 354 | ||
| ANTIMETABOLITES | 358 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS | 361 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 364 | ||
| APPENDIX: COMMON CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS | 365 | ||
| COP CHEMOTHERAPY | 365 | ||
| MULTIAGENT PROTOCOL FOR LYMPHOMA UW- MADISON –25 | 365 | ||
| LYMPHOMA RESCUE PROTOCOLS | 365 | ||
| Chapter 16: Anticonvulsant drugs | 367 | ||
| ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS | 368 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 379 | ||
| Chapter 17: Drugs used in the management of heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias | 380 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 380 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO HEART FAILURE | 380 | ||
| WHICH THERAPY FOR WHICH CONDITION? | 387 | ||
| DRUGS USED TO TREAT HEART FAILURE | 388 | ||
| DIURETICS | 388 | ||
| POSITIVE INOTROPIC DRUGS | 395 | ||
| INODILATORS | 398 | ||
| VASODILATORS | 402 | ||
| PURE VASODILATORS | 404 | ||
| VASODILATORS WITH ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES | 411 | ||
| NEUROENDOCRINE MODULATION | 412 | ||
| ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS | 418 | ||
| b-BLOCKERS | 419 | ||
| POSITIVE AGENTS (MEDICATIONS THAT IMPROVE VENTRICULAR RELAXATION) | 422 | ||
| NEW OR EXPERIMENTAL HEART FAILURE DRUGS | 423 | ||
| DRUGS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS | 424 | ||
| DRUGS USED TO TREAT TACHYARRHYTHMIAS | 425 | ||
| CLASS I ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS | 428 | ||
| CLASS II ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS (b-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS) | 434 | ||
| CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS | 438 | ||
| CLASS IV ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS | 442 | ||
| DIGITALIS GLYCOSIDES | 445 | ||
| DRUGS USED TO TREAT BRADYARRHYTHMIAS | 451 | ||
| ANTICOAGULANTS | 453 | ||
| ANTIPLATELET DRUGS | 456 | ||
| ASPIRIN | 456 | ||
| THIENOPYRIDINES | 456 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 457 | ||
| Chapter 18: Drugs used in the management of respiratory diseases | 458 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 458 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE | 458 | ||
| BRONCHODILATOR DRUGS | 459 | ||
| ADRENERGIC AGONISTS | 459 | ||
| METHYLXANTHINES | 461 | ||
| ANTICHOLINERGICS | 462 | ||
| TOPICAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPY | 462 | ||
| ANTITUSSIVES | 463 | ||
| NONOPIOID ANTITUSSIVES | 464 | ||
| OPIOID ANTITUSSIVES | 464 | ||
| MUCOLYTICS | 465 | ||
| EXPECTORANTS | 467 | ||
| ANTILEUKOTRIENES | 467 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 468 | ||
| Chapter 19: Gastrointestinal drugs | 469 | ||
| ANTIEMETIC DRUGS | 469 | ||
| CLASSES OF ANTIEMETICS | 471 | ||
| ANTIULCER DRUGS | 477 | ||
| CLASSES OF ANTIULCER DRUGS | 478 | ||
| THERAPY FOR ERADICATION OF HELICOBACTER SPP | 483 | ||
| DRUG COMBINATIONS | 483 | ||
| PROKINETIC DRUGS | 483 | ||
| LAXATIVES, ENEMAS AND BOWEL CLEANSERS | 485 | ||
| LAXATIVE THERAPY | 485 | ||
| ANTIDIARRHEAL DRUGS | 487 | ||
| MOTILITY-MODIFYING DRUGS | 487 | ||
| APPETITE STIMULANTS | 490 | ||
| DRUGS USED FOR MANAGEMENT OF HEPATIC DISEASE | 491 | ||
| URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID (URSODIOL) | 491 | ||
| EMETIC AGENTS | 496 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 497 | ||
| Chapter 20: Drugs used in the management of thyroid and parathyroid disease | 498 | ||
| THYROID DISEASE | 498 | ||
| THYROID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY | 499 | ||
| ANTITHYROID DRUGS | 501 | ||
| PARATHYROID DISEASE | 503 | ||
| TREATMENT OF HYPERCALCEMIA | 505 | ||
| TREATMENT OF HYPOCALCEMIA | 507 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 508 | ||
| Chapter 21: Drugs used in the treatment of disorders of pancreatic function | 509 | ||
| RELATIVE/ABSOLUTE INSULIN DEFICIENCY (DIABETES MELLITUS) | 509 | ||
| INSULINS | 509 | ||
| CLASSES OF INSULINS | 510 | ||
| ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS | 512 | ||
| a-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS | 515 | ||
| EXOCRINE PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY | 515 | ||
| EXOCRINE PANCREATIC ENZYME REPLACEMENTS | 516 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 516 | ||
| Chapter 22: Drugs used in the treatment of adrenal dysfunction | 517 | ||
| HYPERADRENOCORTICISM | 517 | ||
| DRUGS ACTING ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY AXIS | 517 | ||
| DRUGS ACTING ON THE ADRENAL CORTEX | 519 | ||
| HYPOADRENOCORTICISM | 524 | ||
| Chapter 23: Drugs and reproduction | 528 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 528 | ||
| POLYPEPTIDE HORMONES | 529 | ||
| STEROIDS | 535 | ||
| EICOSANOID FATTY ACIDS | 541 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS | 543 | ||
| REFERENCES | 543 | ||
| Chapter 24: Topical dermatological therapy | 546 | ||
| SHAMPOOS, MOISTURIZERS AND CONDITIONERS | 550 | ||
| CREAMS, EMULSIONS AND OINTMENTS | 554 | ||
| TOPICAL THERAPY OF OTITIS EXTERNA | 554 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 556 | ||
| Chapter 25: Ocular clinical pharmacology | 557 | ||
| SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN OCULAR THERAPY | 557 | ||
| ANTI-INFLAMMATORY OCULAR THERAPY | 559 | ||
| CLASSES OF DRUGS USED TO TREAT OCULAR INFLAMMATION | 559 | ||
| ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS | 564 | ||
| ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG CLASSES | 565 | ||
| ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS | 567 | ||
| POLYENE ANTIBACTERIALS | 567 | ||
| PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES | 567 | ||
| IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES | 567 | ||
| OTHER ANTIFUNGALS | 567 | ||
| ANTIVIRAL THERAPY | 568 | ||
| ADDITIONAL THERAPIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF VIRAL KERATITIS | 568 | ||
| DRUGS AFFECTING PUPIL SIZE | 569 | ||
| MYDRIATICS | 569 | ||
| MIOTICS | 569 | ||
| GLAUCOMA TREATMENTS | 570 | ||
| TOPICAL GLAUCOMA TREATMENT | 570 | ||
| SYSTEMIC GLAUCOMA TREATMENT | 571 | ||
| GLAUCOMA SUMMARY | 571 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS THERAPY FOR GLAUCOMA | 571 | ||
| TOPICAL ANESTHETICS | 572 | ||
| CORNEAL DEHYDRATING AGENTS | 572 | ||
| DRY EYE THERAPY | 572 | ||
| OCULAR LUBRICANTS | 573 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 573 | ||
| Index | 574 |