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Natural Standard Herb & Supplement Guide - E-Book

Natural Standard Herb & Supplement Guide - E-Book

(2016)

Abstract

Covering 400 herbs and supplements, Natural Standard Herb & Supplement Guide: An Evidence-Based Reference provides the high-quality, up-to-date, unbiased information you need to advise your patients. No other book can match its expertise and attention to evidence! Each monograph is concise and easy to read, and includes uses, dosage information, safety considerations, and interactions with drugs and other herbs and supplements. At-a-glance research summaries and an alphabetical organization allow for quick lookup in busy settings!

  • Monographs for the 400 most commonly used and prescribed herbs and supplements — such as arnica, ginseng, lavender, glucosamine, and blue cohosh — provide the information you need for effective clinical decision-making.
  • A unique, evidence-based A-F grading scale evaluates the efficacy of each herb and supplement.
  • Unique! Rating scales show at a glance the quality of available evidence.
  • Updates are peer-reviewed, and include new scientific evidence, dosage recommendations, and more.
  • Dosing information includes dosages for adults and children, and methods for administering.
  • Coverage of allergies, side effects/warnings, and pregnancy/breast-feeding promotes safety by indicating when specific herbs and supplements should not be used, or when caution is required.
  • A review of evidence includes detailed explanations of clinical trials cited and conclusions drawn, especially as they relate to specific diseases and conditions.
  • Evidence tables summarize clinical trial data and provide a quick reference for clinical decision-making.
  • Unique! Cross-referencing by condition and scientific evidence grade provides a convenient decision support tool, making it easy to find the herbs and supplements that may be used for the treatment of particular conditions.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Natural Standard iii
Copyright Page iv
Disclaimer v
Natural Standard Editorial Boart and Contributors vii
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xix
Contents xxi
Chapter 1: 5-HTP 1
Related Terms 1
Background 1
Evidence 1
Dosing 2
Safety 2
Interactions 2
Chapter 2: Abuta 4
Chapter 3: Acacia 5
Chapter 4: Acai 7
Chapter 5: Acerola 8
Chapter 6: Acetyl-l-carnitine 9
Chapter 7: Acidophilus 13
Chapter 8: Ackee 15
Chapter 9: Aconite 16
Chapter 10: S-Adenosyl methionine (SAMe) 19
Related Terms 19
Background 19
Evidence 19
Dosing 19
Safety 20
Interactions 20
Chapter 11: Adrenal Extract 21
Chapter 12: African Wild Potato 22
Chapter 13: Agaric 24
Chapter 14: Agave 26
Chapter 15: Agrimony 28
Chapter 16: Alfalfa 30
Chapter 17: Algin 32
Chapter 18: Alizarin 33
Chapter 19: Alkanna 34
Related Terms 34
Background 34
Evidence 34
Dosing 34
Safety 34
Interactions 34
Chapter 20: Allspice 35
Related Terms 35
Chapter 21: Aloe 36
Interactions 38
Chapter 22: Alpha-lipoic Acid 39
Dosing 40
Chapter 23: Alpinia 42
Interactions 43
Chapter 24: Amaranth Oil 44
Related Terms 44
Background 44
Evidence 44
Dosing 45
Safety 45
Interactions 45
Chapter 25: American Hellebore 46
Interactions 47
Chapter 26: American Pawpaw 48
Related Terms 48
Background 48
Evidence 48
Dosing 48
Safety 48
Interactions 48
Chapter 27: Amylase Inhibitors 50
Related Terms 50
Interactions 50
Chapter 28: Andrographis paniculata 51
Related Terms 51
Background 51
Evidence 51
Dosing 51
Safety 51
Interactions 52
Chapter 29: Angostura 53
Related Terms 4
Background 4
Evidence 4
Dosing 4
Safety 4
Interactions 4
Chapter 30: Anhydrous Crystalline Maltose 54
Related Terms 5
Background 5
Evidence 5
Dosing 5
Safety 5
Interactions 5
Chapter 31: Anise 55
Related Terms 7
Background 7
Evidence 7
Dosing 7
Chapter 32: Antineoplastons 57
Related Terms 8
Background 8
Evidence 8
Dosing 8
Safety 8
Interactions 8
Chapter 33: Apple Cider Vinegar 59
Related Terms 9
Background 9
Evidence 9
Dosing 11
Safety 11
Interactions 12
Chapter 34: Arabinogalactan 60
Related Terms 13
Background 13
Evidence 13
Dosing 14
Safety 14
Interactions 14
Chapter 35: Arabinoxylan 62
Related Terms 15
Background 15
Evidence 15
Dosing 15
Safety 15
Interactions 15
Chapter 36: Arginine (L-arginine) 63
Related Terms 16
Background 16
Evidence 16
Dosing 17
Safety 17
Interactions 17
Chapter 37: Arnica 68
Related Terms 21
Background 21
Evidence 21
Dosing 21
Safety 21
Interactions 21
Chapter 38: Arrowroot 70
Related Terms 22
Background 22
Evidence 22
Dosing 22
Safety 22
Interactions 22
Chapter 39: Ashwagandha 71
Related Terms 24
Background 24
Evidence 24
Dosing 24
Safety 24
Interactions 24
Chapter 40: Asparagus 73
Related Terms 26
Background 26
Evidence 26
Dosing 26
Safety 26
Interactions 27
Chapter 41: Astaxanthin 74
Related Terms 28
Background 28
Evidence 28
Dosing 28
Safety 28
Interactions 29
Chapter 42: Astragalus 76
Related Terms 30
Background 30
Evidence 30
Dosing 30
Safety 30
Interactions 31
Chapter 43: Avocado 80
Related Terms 32
Background 32
Evidence 32
Dosing 32
Safety 32
Interactions 32
Chapter 44: Babassu 82
Related Terms 33
Background 33
Evidence 33
Dosing 33
Safety 33
Interactions 33
Chapter 45: Bacopa 83
Related Terms 83
Background 83
Evidence 83
Dosing 83
Safety 83
Interactions 83
Chapter 46: Bael Fruit 85
Related Terms 85
Background 85
Evidence 85
Dosing 85
Safety 85
Interactions 85
Chapter 47: Bamboo 87
Related Terms 87
Background 87
Evidence 87
Dosing 87
Safety 87
Interactions 87
Chapter 48: Banaba 88
Related Terms 88
Background 88
Evidence 88
Dosing 88
Safety 88
Interactions 88
Chapter 49: Barberry 89
Related Terms 89
Background 89
Evidence 89
Dosing 89
Safety 89
Interactions 90
Chapter 50: Barley 91
Related Terms 91
Background 91
Evidence 91
Dosing 91
Safety 91
Interactions 92
Chapter 51: Bay Leaf 93
Related Terms 93
Background 93
Evidence 93
Dosing 93
Safety 93
Interactions 93
Chapter 52: Bear's Garlic 94
Related Terms 94
Background 94
Evidence 94
Dosing 94
Safety 94
Interactions 94
Chapter 53: Bee Pollen 95
Related Terms 95
Background 95
Evidence 95
Dosing 95
Safety 95
Interactions 96
Chapter 54: Belladonna 97
Related Terms 97
Background 97
Evidence 97
Dosing 98
Safety 98
Interactions 98
Chapter 55: Berberine 100
Related Terms 100
Background 100
Evidence 100
Dosing 101
Safety 101
Interactions 101
Chapter 56: Beta-carotene 103
Related Terms 103
Background 103
Evidence 103
Dosing 105
Safety 105
Interactions 105
Chapter 57: Beta-glucan 107
Related Terms 107
Background 107
Evidence 107
Dosing 108
Safety 108
Interactions 108
Chapter 58: Betaine anhydrous 110
Related Terms 110
Background 110
Evidence 110
Dosing 111
Safety 111
Interactions 111
Chapter 59: Betel nut 112
Related Terms 112
Background 112
Evidence 112
Dosing 112
Safety 113
Interactions 113
Chapter 60: Betony 115
Related Terms 115
Background 115
Evidence 115
Dosing 115
Safety 115
Interactions 115
Chapter 61: Bilberry 117
Related Terms 117
Background 117
Evidence 117
Dosing 118
Safety 118
Interactions 118
Chapter 62: Biotin 120
Related Terms 120
Background 120
Evidence 120
Dosing 120
Safety 121
Interactions 121
Chapter 63: Bitter Almond and Laetrile 122
Related Terms 122
Background 122
Evidence 122
Dosing 122
Safety 122
Interactions 122
Chapter 64: Bitter Melon 124
Related Terms 124
Background 124
Evidence 124
Dosing 124
Safety 124
Interactions 125
Chapter 65: Bitter Orange 126
Related Terms 126
Background 126
Evidence 126
Dosing 126
Safety 126
Interactions 127
Chapter 66: Blackberry 128
Related Terms 128
Background 128
Evidence 128
Dosing 128
Safety 128
Interactions 128
Chapter 67: Black Cohosh 129
Related Terms 129
Background 129
Evidence 129
Dosing 130
Safety 130
Interactions 130
Chapter 68: Black Currant 132
Related Terms 132
Background 132
Evidence 132
Dosing 133
Safety 133
Interactions 133
Chapter 69: Black Horehound 134
Related Terms 134
Background 134
Evidence 134
Dosing 134
Safety 134
Interactions 134
Chapter 70: Black Pepper 136
Related Terms 136
Background 136
Evidence 136
Dosing 136
Safety 136
Interactions 136
Chapter 71: Black Seed 138
Related Terms 138
Background 138
Evidence 138
Dosing 138
Safety 138
Interactions 138
Chapter 72: Black Tea 140
Related Terms 140
Background 140
Evidence 140
Dosing 140
Safety 141
Interactions 142
Chapter 73: Black Walnut 144
Related Terms 144
Background 144
Evidence 144
Dosing 144
Safety 144
Interactions 144
Chapter 74: Blessed Thistle 145
Related Terms 145
Background 145
Evidence 145
Dosing 145
Safety 145
Interactions 146
Chapter 75: Bloodroot 147
Related Terms 147
Background 147
Evidence 147
Dosing 147
Safety 147
Interactions 148
Chapter 76: Blue Cohosh 149
Related Terms 149
Background 149
Evidence 149
Dosing 149
Safety 149
Interactions 150
Chapter 77: Boldo 151
Related Terms 151
Background 151
Evidence 151
Dosing 151
Safety 151
Interactions 151
Chapter 78: Boneset 153
Related Terms 153
Background 153
Evidence 153
Dosing 153
Safety 153
Interactions 154
Chapter 79: Borage 155
Related Terms 155
Background 155
Evidence 155
Dosing 156
Safety 156
Interactions 156
Chapter 80: Boron 157
Related Terms 157
Background 157
Evidence 157
Dosing 158
Safety 158
Interactions 158
Chapter 81: Boswellia 160
Related Terms 160
Background 160
Evidence 160
Dosing 160
Safety 161
Interactions 161
Chapter 82: Bovine Colostrum 162
Related Terms 162
Background 162
Evidence 162
Dosing 163
Safety 163
Interactions 163
Chapter 83: Boxwood 165
Related Terms 165
Background 165
Evidence 165
Dosing 165
Safety 165
Interactions 165
Chapter 84: Bromelain 166
Related Terms 166
Background 166
Evidence 166
Dosing 167
Safety 167
Interactions 167
Chapter 85: Buchu 168
Related Terms 168
Background 168
Evidence 168
Dosing 168
Safety 168
Interactions 168
Chapter 86: Buckshorn Plantain 170
Related Terms 170
Background 170
Evidence 170
Dosing 170
Safety 170
Interactions 170
Chapter 87: Bupleurum 171
Related Terms 171
Background 171
Evidence 171
Dosing 172
Safety 172
Interactions 172
Chapter 88: Burdock 174
Related Terms 174
Background 174
Evidence 174
Dosing 174
Safety 174
Interactions 175
Chapter 89: Butterbur 176
Related Terms 176
Background 176
Evidence 176
Dosing 176
Safety 177
Interactions 177
Chapter 90: Cajeput 178
Related Terms 178
Background 178
Evidence 178
Dosing 178
Safety 178
Interactions 178
Chapter 91: Calamus 180
Related Terms 180
Background 180
Evidence 180
Dosing 180
Safety 180
Interactions 180
Chapter 92: Calcium 182
Related Terms 182
Background 182
Evidence 182
Dosing 185
Safety 185
Interactions 186
Chapter 93: Calendula 188
Related Terms 188
Background 188
Evidence 188
Dosing 188
Safety 189
Interactions 189
Chapter 94: California Poppy 190
Related Terms 190
Background 190
Evidence 190
Dosing 190
Safety 190
Interactions 190
Chapter 95: Caper 191
Related Terms 191
Background 191
Evidence 191
Dosing 191
Safety 191
Interactions 191
Chapter 96: Caprylic Acid 192
Chapter 97: Cardamom 193
Related Terms 193
Background 193
Evidence 193
Dosing 193
Safety 193
Interactions 193
Chapter 98: Carob 195
Related Terms 195
Background 195
Evidence 195
Dosing 195
Safety 195
Interactions 196
Chapter 99: Carrageenan 197
Related Terms 197
Background 197
Evidence 197
Dosing 197
Safety 198
Interactions 198
Chapter 100: Carrot 199
Related Terms 199
Background 199
Evidence 199
Dosing 199
Safety 199
Interactions 199
Chapter 101: Cascara 201
Related Terms 201
Background 201
Evidence 201
Dosing 201
Safety 201
Interactions 202
Chapter 102: Cat's Claw 203
Related Terms 203
Background 203
Evidence 203
Dosing 204
Safety 204
Interactions 204
Chapter 103: Cedar 206
Related Terms 206
Background 206
Evidence 206
Dosing 206
Safety 206
Interactions 206
Chapter 104: Celery 207
Related Terms 207
Background 207
Evidence 207
Dosing 207
Safety 207
Interactions 207
Chapter 105: Chamomile 209
Related Terms 209
Background 209
Evidence 209
Dosing 210
Safety 210
Interactions 211
Chapter 106: Chaparral and Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA) 212
Related Terms 212
Background 212
Evidence 212
Dosing 212
Safety 212
Interactions 213
Chapter 107: Chasteberry 214
Related Terms 214
Background 214
Evidence 214
Dosing 214
Safety 215
Interactions 215
Chapter 108: Cherry 216
Related Terms 216
Background 216
Evidence 216
Dosing 216
Safety 216
Interactions 216
Chapter 109: Chia 217
Related Terms 217
Background 217
Evidence 217
Dosing 217
Safety 217
Interactions 218
Chapter 110: Chicory 219
Related Terms 219
Background 219
Evidence 219
Dosing 219
Safety 219
Interactions 219
Chapter 111: Chitosan 221
Related Terms 221
Background 221
Evidence 221
Dosing 221
Safety 221
Interactions 221
Chapter 112: Chlorophyll 223
Related Terms 223
Background 223
Evidence 223
Dosing 224
Safety 224
Interactions 224
Chapter 113: Choline 225
Related Terms 225
Background 225
Evidence 225
Dosing 226
Safety 226
Interactions 227
Chapter 114: Chondroitin Sulfate 228
Related Terms 228
Background 228
Evidence 228
Dosing 229
Safety 229
Interactions 229
Chapter 115: Chromium (Cr) 230
Related Terms 230
Background 230
Evidence 230
Dosing 231
Safety 231
Interactions 231
Chapter 116: Chrysanthemum 233
Related Terms 233
Background 233
Evidence 233
Dosing 233
Safety 233
Interactions 234
Chapter 117: Cinnamon 235
Related Terms 235
Background 235
Evidence 235
Dosing 235
Safety 236
Interactions 237
Chapter 118: Clay 238
Related Terms 238
Background 238
Evidence 238
Dosing 238
Safety 238
Interactions 239
Chapter 119: Cleavers 240
Related Terms 240
Background 240
Evidence 240
Dosing 240
Safety 240
Interactions 240
Chapter 120: Clove 241
Related Terms 241
Background 241
Evidence 241
Dosing 241
Safety 242
Interactions 242
Chapter 121: Codonopsis 243
Related Terms 243
Background 243
Evidence 243
Dosing 243
Safety 243
Interactions 243
Chapter 122: Coenzyme Q10 245
Related Terms 245
Background 245
Evidence 245
Dosing 247
Safety 247
Interactions 247
Chapter 123: Coleus 249
Related Terms 249
Background 249
Evidence 249
Dosing 249
Safety 250
Interactions 250
Chapter 124: Colloidal silver 251
Related Terms 251
Background 251
Evidence 251
Dosing 251
Safety 251
Interactions 251
Chapter 125: Comfrey 252
Related Terms 252
Background 252
Evidence 252
Dosing 253
Safety 253
Interactions 253
Chapter 126: Copper 255
Related Terms 255
Background 255
Evidence 255
Dosing 256
Safety 257
Interactions 257
Chapter 127: Coral 258
Related Terms 258
Background 258
Evidence 258
Dosing 258
Safety 258
Interactions 258
Chapter 128: Cordyceps 259
Related Terms 259
Background 259
Evidence 259
Dosing 260
Safety 260
Interactions 260
Chapter 129: Coriolus 262
Related Terms 262
Background 262
Evidence 262
Dosing 262
Safety 263
Interactions 263
Chapter 130: Corn Poppy 264
Related Terms 264
Background 264
Evidence 264
Dosing 264
Safety 264
Interactions 264
Chapter 131: Corydalis 265
Related Terms 265
Background 265
Evidence 265
Dosing 265
Safety 265
Interactions 265
Chapter 132: Couch Grass 266
Related Terms 266
Background 266
Evidence 266
Dosing 266
Safety 266
Interactions 266
Chapter 133: Cowhage 267
Related Terms 267
Background 267
Evidence 267
Dosing 267
Safety 267
Interactions 267
Chapter 134: Cramp Bark 269
Related Terms 269
Background 269
Evidence 269
Dosing 269
Safety 269
Interactions 269
Chapter 135: Cranberry 270
Related Terms 270
Background 270
Evidence 270
Dosing 271
Safety 271
Interactions 271
Chapter 136: Creatine 273
Related Terms 273
Background 273
Evidence 273
Dosing 275
Safety 275
Interactions 275
Chapter 137: Daisy 277
Related Terms 277
Background 277
Evidence 277
Dosing 277
Safety 278
Interactions 278
Chapter 138: Damiana 279
Related Terms 279
Background 279
Evidence 279
Dosing 279
Safety 279
Interactions 280
Chapter 139: Dandelion 281
Related Terms 281
Background 281
Evidence 281
Dosing 282
Safety 282
Interactions 282
Chapter 140: Danshen 284
Related Terms 284
Background 284
Evidence 284
Dosing 285
Safety 285
Interactions 285
Chapter 141: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 287
Related Terms 287
Background 287
Evidence 287
Dosing 289
Safety 289
Interactions 289
Chapter 142: Devil's Claw 291
Related Terms 291
Background 291
Evidence 291
Dosing 291
Safety 292
Interactions 292
Chapter 143: Devil's Club 293
Related Terms 293
Background 293
Evidence 293
Dosing 293
Safety 293
Interactions 293
Chapter 144: Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 295
Related Terms 295
Background 295
Evidence 295
Dosing 296
Safety 296
Interactions 296
Chapter 145: Dogwood 297
Related Terms 297
Background 297
Evidence 297
Dosing 297
Safety 297
Interactions 297
Chapter 146: dong quai 299
Related Terms 299
Background 299
Evidence 299
Dosing 300
Safety 300
Interactions 301
Chapter 147: Echinacea 302
Related Terms 302
Background 302
Evidence 302
Dosing 303
Safety 303
Interactions 304
Chapter 148: Elder 305
Related Terms 305
Background 305
Evidence 305
Dosing 305
Safety 306
Interactions 306
Chapter 149: Elecampane 307
Related Terms 307
Background 307
Evidence 307
Dosing 307
Safety 307
Interactions 307
Chapter 150: Emu Oil 309
Related Terms 309
Background 309
Evidence 309
Dosing 309
Safety 309
Interactions 309
Chapter 151: Ephedra/Ma Huang 310
Related Terms 310
Background 310
Evidence 310
Dosing 311
Safety 311
Interactions 311
Chapter 152: Essiac 313
Related Terms 313
Background 313
Evidence 313
Dosing 314
Safety 314
Interactions 314
Chapter 153: Eucalyptus 316
Related Terms 316
Background 316
Evidence 316
Dosing 317
Safety 317
Interactions 317
Chapter 154: Evening Primrose 319
Related Terms 319
Background 319
Evidence 319
Dosing 320
Safety 319
Interactions 320
Chapter 155: Eyebright 322
Related Terms 322
Background 322
Evidence 322
Dosing 322
Safety 322
Interactions 323
Chapter 156: Fennel 324
Related Terms 324
Background 324
Evidence 324
Dosing 324
Safety 325
Interactions 325
Chapter 157: Fenugreek 326
Related Terms 326
Background 326
Evidence 326
Dosing 326
Safety 326
Interactions 327
Chapter 158: Feverfew 328
Related Terms 328
Background 328
Evidence 328
Dosing 328
Safety 328
Interactions 329
Chapter 159: Fig 330
Related Terms 330
Background 330
Evidence 330
Dosing 330
Safety 330
Interactions 330
Chapter 160: Flax 332
Related Terms 332
Background 332
Evidence 332
Dosing 333
Safety 333
Interactions 334
Chapter 161: Folate 335
Related Terms 335
Background 335
Evidence 335
Dosing 336
Safety 337
Interactions 337
Chapter 162: Fo-ti 340
Related Terms 340
Background 340
Evidence 340
Dosing 340
Safety 340
Interactions 340
Chapter 163: Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA) 342
Related Terms 342
Background 342
Evidence 342
Dosing 342
Safety 343
Interactions 344
Chapter 164: Gamma Oryzanol 345
Related Terms 345
Background 345
Evidence 345
Dosing 345
Safety 346
Interactions 346
Chapter 165: Garcinia, Hydroxycitric Acid 347
Related Terms 347
Background 347
Evidence 347
Dosing 347
Safety 347
Interactions 348
Chapter 166: Garlic 349
Related Terms 349
Background 349
Evidence 349
Dosing 350
Safety 350
Interactions 351
Chapter 167: Germanium (Ge) 353
Related Terms 353
Background 353
Evidence 353
Dosing 353
Safety 354
Interactions 354
Chapter 168: Ginger 355
Related Terms 355
Background 355
Evidence 355
Dosing 356
Safety 356
Interactions 356
Chapter 169: Ginkgo 358
Related Terms 358
Background 358
Evidence 358
Dosing 360
Safety 360
Interactions 361
Chapter 170: Ginseng 362
Related Terms 362
Background 362
Evidence 362
Dosing 365
Safety 366
Interactions 366
Chapter 171: Globe Artichoke 368
Related Terms 368
Background 368
Evidence 368
Dosing 368
Safety 369
Interactions 369
Chapter 172: Glucosamine 370
Related Terms 370
Background 370
Evidence 370
Dosing 371
Safety 371
Interactions 371
Chapter 173: Glyconutrients 373
Related Terms 373
Background 373
Evidence 373
Dosing 373
Safety 373
Interactions 373
Chapter 174: Goldenseal 374
Related Terms 374
Background 374
Evidence 374
Dosing 375
Safety 375
Interactions 375
Chapter 175: Gotu Kola 377
Related Terms 377
Background 377
Evidence 377
Dosing 378
Safety 378
Interactions 378
Chapter 176: Grape 380
Related Terms 380
Background 380
Evidence 380
Dosing 381
Safety 381
Interactions 382
Chapter 177: Grapefruit 383
Related Terms 383
Background 383
Evidence 383
Dosing 383
Safety 383
Interactions 384
Chapter 178: Green-lipped mussel 385
Related Terms 385
Background 385
Evidence 385
Dosing 385
Safety 385
Interactions 385
Chapter 179: Green tea 387
Related Terms 387
Background 387
Evidence 387
Dosing 388
Safety 388
Interactions 389
Chapter 180: Guarana 390
Related Terms 390
Background 390
Evidence 390
Dosing 390
Safety 390
Interactions 391
Chapter 181: Guggul 394
Related Terms 394
Background 394
Evidence 394
Dosing 394
Safety 394
Interactions 395
Chapter 182: Gymnema 396
Related Terms 396
Background 396
Evidence 396
Dosing 396
Safety 396
Interactions 396
Chapter 183: Hawthorn 398
Related Terms 398
Background 398
Evidence 398
Dosing 399
Safety 399
Interactions 399
Chapter 184: Heartsease 400
Related Terms 400
Background 400
Evidence 400
Dosing 400
Safety 400
Interactions 400
Chapter 185: Hibiscus 402
Related Terms 402
Background 402
Evidence 402
Dosing 402
Safety 402
Interactions 402
Chapter 186: Holy Basil 404
Related Terms 404
Background 404
Evidence 404
Dosing 404
Safety 404
Interactions 405
Chapter 187: Honey 406
Related Terms 406
Background 406
Evidence 406
Dosing 407
Safety 407
Interactions 407
Chapter 188: Honeysuckle 409
Related Terms 409
Background 409
Evidence 409
Dosing 409
Safety 409
Interactions 409
Chapter 189: Hoodia 410
Related Terms 410
Background 410
Evidence 410
Dosing 410
Safety 410
Interactions 410
Chapter 190: Hop 411
Related Terms 411
Background 411
Evidence 411
Dosing 411
Safety 411
Interactions 412
Chapter 191: Horny Goat Weed 413
Related Terms 413
Background 413
Evidence 413
Dosing 413
Safety 413
Interactions 414
Chapter 192: Horse Chestnut 415
Related Terms 415
Background 415
Evidence 415
Dosing 415
Safety 415
Interactions 416
Chapter 193: Horseradish 417
Related Terms 417
Background 417
Evidence 417
Dosing 417
Safety 417
Interactions 418
Chapter 194: Horsetail 419
Related Terms 419
Background 419
Evidence 419
Dosing 419
Safety 419
Interactions 420
Chapter 195: Hoxsey Formula 421
Related Terms 421
Background 421
Evidence 421
Dosing 421
Safety 421
Interactions 421
Chapter 196: Hydrazine Sulfate (HS) 422
Related Terms 422
Background 422
Evidence 422
Dosing 422
Safety 422
Interactions 423
Chapter 197: Hyssop 424
Related Terms 424
Background 424
Evidence 424
Dosing 424
Safety 424
Interactions 424
Chapter 198: Ignatia 426
Related Terms 426
Background 426
Evidence 426
Dosing 426
Safety 426
Interactions 426
Chapter 199: Iodine (I) 427
Related Terms 427
Background 427
Evidence 427
Dosing 429
Safety 430
Interactions 431
Chapter 200: Iron (Fe) 433
Related Terms 433
Background 433
Evidence 433
Dosing 434
Safety 434
Interactions 435
Chapter 201: Jackfruit 437
Related Terms 437
Background 437
Evidence 437
Dosing 437
Safety 437
Interactions 437
Chapter 202: Jasmine 439
Related Terms 439
Background 439
Evidence 439
Dosing 439
Safety 439
Interactions 439
Chapter 203: Jequirity 440
Related Terms 440
Background 440
Evidence 440
Dosing 440
Safety 440
Interactions 441
Chapter 204: Jewelweed, Impatiens 442
Related Terms 442
Background 442
Evidence 442
Dosing 442
Safety 442
Interactions 442
Chapter 205: Jiaogulan 443
Related Terms 443
Background 443
Evidence 443
Dosing 443
Safety 443
Interactions 443
Chapter 206: Jimson Weed 445
Related Terms 445
Background 445
Evidence 445
Dosing 445
Safety 445
Interactions 445
Chapter 207: Jojoba 447
Related Terms 447
Background 447
Evidence 447
Dosing 447
Safety 447
Interactions 447
Chapter 208: Juniper 448
Related Terms 448
Background 448
Evidence 448
Dosing 448
Safety 448
Interactions 448
Chapter 209: Kava 450
Chapter 210: Khat 453
Chapter 211: Khella 455
Related Terms 455
Background 455
Evidence 455
Dosing 455
Safety 455
Interactions 456
Chapter 212: Kinetin 457
Related Terms 457
Background 457
Evidence 457
Dosing 457
Safety 457
Interactions 457
Chapter 213: Kiwi 458
Related Terms 458
Background 458
Evidence 458
Dosing 458
Safety 458
Interactions 458
Chapter 214: Kudzu 460
Related Terms 460
Background 460
Evidence 460
Dosing 461
Safety 461
Interactions 461
Chapter 215: Labrador Tea 462
Related Terms 462
Background 462
Evidence 462
Dosing 462
Safety 462
Interactions 462
Chapter 216: Lady's Mantle 463
Related Terms 463
Background 463
Evidence 463
Dosing 463
Safety 463
Interactions 463
Chapter 217: Lady's Slipper 464
Related Terms 464
Background 464
Evidence 464
Dosing 464
Safety 464
Interactions 464
Chapter 218: Lavender 466
Related Terms 466
Background 466
Evidence 466
Dosing 467
Safety 467
Interactions 468
Chapter 219: Lemon Balm 469
Related Terms 469
Background 469
Evidence 469
Dosing 469
Safety 470
Interactions 470
Chapter 220: Lemongrass 471
Related Terms 471
Background 471
Evidence 471
Dosing 471
Safety 471
Interactions 472
Chapter 221: Licorice 473
Related Terms 473
Background 473
Evidence 473
Dosing 474
Safety 474
Interactions 475
Chapter 222: Lime 476
Related Terms 476
Background 476
Evidence 476
Dosing 476
Safety 476
Interactions 477
Chapter 223: Lingonberry 478
Related Terms 478
Background 478
Evidence 478
Dosing 478
Safety 478
Interactions 478
Chapter 224: Liver Extract 479
Interactions 480
Chapter 225: Lotus 481
Related Terms 481
Background 481
Evidence 481
Dosing 481
Safety 481
Interactions 481
Chapter 226: Lutein 483
Related Terms 483
Background 483
Evidence 483
Dosing 484
Safety 484
Interactions 484
Chapter 227: Lycopene 485
Related Terms 485
Background 485
Evidence 485
Dosing 486
Safety 486
Interactions 486
Chapter 228: Maca 488
Related Terms 488
Background 488
Evidence 488
Dosing 488
Safety 488
Interactions 489
Chapter 229: Maitake Mushroom 490
Related Terms 490
Background 490
Evidence 490
Dosing 490
Safety 490
Interactions 490
Chapter 230: Malic Acid 491
Related Terms 491
Background 491
Evidence 491
Dosing 491
Safety 491
Interactions 491
Chapter 231: Mangosteen 492
Related Terms 492
Background 492
Evidence 492
Dosing 492
Safety 492
Interactions 492
Chapter 232: Marshmallow 494
Related Terms 494
Background 494
Evidence 494
Dosing 494
Safety 494
Interactions 494
Chapter 233: Mastic 496
Related Terms 496
Background 496
Evidence 496
Dosing 496
Safety 496
Interactions 496
Chapter 234: Meadowsweet 497
Related Terms 497
Background 497
Evidence 497
Dosing 497
Safety 497
Interactions 498
Chapter 235: Melatonin 499
Related Terms 499
Background 499
Evidence 499
Dosing 502
Safety 502
Interactions 503
Chapter 236: Mesoglycan 504
Related Terms 504
Background 504
Evidence 504
Dosing 504
Safety 505
Interactions 505
Chapter 237: Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) 506
Related Terms 506
Background 506
Evidence 506
Dosing 506
Safety 506
Interactions 506
Chapter 238: Milk Thistle 507
Related Terms 507
Background 507
Evidence 507
Dosing 508
Safety 508
Interactions 508
Chapter 239: Mistletoe 509
Related Terms 509
Background 509
Evidence 509
Dosing 510
Safety 510
Interactions 511
Chapter 240: Modified Citrus Pectin (MCP) 512
Related Terms 512
Background 512
Evidence 512
Dosing 512
Safety 512
Interactions 512
Chapter 241: Mugwort 514
Related Terms 514
Background 514
Evidence 514
Dosing 514
Safety 514
Interactions 515
Chapter 242: Muira Puama 516
Related Terms 516
Background 516
Evidence 516
Dosing 516
Safety 516
Interactions 517
Chapter 243: Mullein 518
Related Terms 518
Background 518
Evidence 518
Dosing 518
Safety 518
Interactions 519
Chapter 244: Neem 520
Related Terms 520
Background 520
Evidence 520
Dosing 520
Safety 520
Interactions 521
Chapter 245: Niacin 522
Related Terms 522
Background 522
Evidence 522
Dosing 522
Safety 523
Interactions 523
Chapter 246: Noni 525
Related Terms 525
Background 525
Evidence 525
Dosing 525
Safety 525
Interactions 526
Chapter 247: Nopal 527
Related Terms 527
Background 527
Evidence 527
Dosing 527
Safety 527
Interactions 528
Chapter 248: Nux Vomica 529
Related Terms 529
Background 529
Evidence 529
Dosing 529
Safety 529
Interactions 529
Chapter 249: Octacosanol 531
Related Terms 531
Background 531
Evidence 531
Dosing 531
Safety 531
Interactions 531
Chapter 250: Oleander 533
Related Terms 533
Background 533
Evidence 533
Dosing 533
Safety 533
Interactions 534
Chapter 251: Olive Leaf 535
Related Terms 535
Background 535
Evidence 535
Dosing 535
Safety 535
Interactions 535
Chapter 252: Omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid 536
Related Terms 536
Background 536
Evidence 536
Dosing 539
Safety 539
Interactions 540
Chapter 253: Onion 541
Related Terms 541
Background 541
Evidence 541
Dosing 541
Safety 541
Interactions 541
Chapter 254: Oregano 543
Related Terms 543
Background 543
Evidence 543
Dosing 543
Safety 543
Interactions 543
Chapter 255: Pantethine 545
Chapter 256: Pantothenic acid 547
Related Terms 547
Background 547
Evidence 547
Dosing 548
Safety 548
Interactions 548
Chapter 257: Passion Flower 549
Related Terms 549
Background 549
Evidence 549
Dosing 549
Safety 549
Interactions 549
Chapter 258: PC-SPES 551
Related Terms 551
Background 551
Evidence 551
Dosing 552
Safety 552
Interactions 552
Chapter 259: Pennyroyal 553
Related Terms 553
Background 553
Evidence 553
Dosing 553
Safety 553
Interactions 554
Chapter 260: Peony 555
Related Terms 555
Background 555
Evidence 555
Dosing 556
Safety 556
Interactions 556
Chapter 261: Peppermint 557
Related Terms 557
Background 557
Evidence 557
Dosing 558
Safety 558
Interactions 559
Chapter 262: Perilla 560
Related Terms 560
Background 560
Evidence 560
Dosing 560
Safety 560
Interactions 560
Chapter 263: Perillyl Alcohol 562
Related Terms 562
Background 562
Evidence 562
Dosing 562
Safety 562
Interactions 562
Chapter 264: Peyote 563
Related Terms 563
Background 563
Evidence 563
Dosing 563
Safety 563
Interactions 563
Chapter 265: Phosphates, Phosphorus 564
Related Terms 564
Background 564
Evidence 564
Dosing 565
Safety 566
Interactions 566
Chapter 266: Podophyllum 567
Related Terms 567
Background 567
Evidence 567
Dosing 567
Safety 568
Interactions 568
Chapter 267: Pokeweed 569
Related Terms 569
Background 569
Evidence 569
Dosing 569
Safety 569
Interactions 569
Chapter 268: Policosanol 571
Related Terms 571
Background 571
Evidence 571
Dosing 571
Safety 571
Interactions 572
Chapter 269: Polypodium 573
Related Terms 573
Background 573
Evidence 573
Dosing 573
Safety 573
Interactions 573
Chapter 270: Pomegranate 577
Related Terms 575
Background 575
Evidence 575
Dosing 576
Safety 576
Interactions 576
Chapter 271: Probiotics 577
Related Terms 577
Background 577
Evidence 577
Dosing 581
Safety 581
Interactions 581
Chapter 272: Probiotic yeast 582
Related Terms 582
Background 582
Evidence 582
Dosing 583
Safety 583
Interactions 583
Chapter 273: Propolis 584
Related Terms 584
Background 584
Evidence 584
Dosing 585
Safety 585
Interactions 586
Chapter 274: Protein-Bound Polysaccharide (PSK) 587
Related Terms 587
Background 587
Evidence 587
Dosing 588
Safety 588
Interactions 588
Chapter 275: Psyllium 589
Related Terms 589
Background 589
Evidence 589
Dosing 590
Safety 590
Interactions 590
Chapter 276: Pycnogenol 592
Related Terms 592
Background 592
Evidence 592
Dosing 593
Safety 593
Interactions 594
Chapter 277: Pygeum 595
Related Terms 595
Background 595
Evidence 595
Dosing 595
Safety 595
Interactions 595
Chapter 278: Quassia 597
Related Terms 597
Background 597
Evidence 597
Dosing 597
Safety 597
Interactions 597
Chapter 279: Quercetin 599
Related Terms 599
Background 599
Evidence 599
Dosing 599
Safety 600
Interactions 600
Chapter 280: Quinoa 601
Related Terms 601
Background 601
Evidence 601
Dosing 601
Safety 601
Interactions 601
Chapter 281: Raspberry 602
Related Terms 602
Background 602
Evidence 602
Dosing 602
Safety 603
Interactions 603
Chapter 282: Red Clover 604
Related Terms 604
Background 604
Evidence 604
Dosing 604
Safety 605
Interactions 605
Chapter 283: Red Yeast Rice 606
Related Terms 606
Background 606
Evidence 606
Dosing 606
Safety 607
Interactions 607
Chapter 284: Rehmannia 608
Related Terms 608
Background 608
Evidence 608
Dosing 608
Safety 608
Interactions 609
Chapter 285: Reishi 610
Related Terms 610
Background 610
Evidence 610
Dosing 611
Safety 611
Interactions 611
Chapter 286: Resveratrol 613
Related Terms 613
Background 613
Evidence 613
Dosing 613
Safety 613
Interactions 614
Chapter 287: Rhodiola 615
Related Terms 615
Background 615
Evidence 615
Dosing 615
Safety 615
Interactions 616
Chapter 288: Rhubarb 617
Related Terms 617
Background 617
Evidence 617
Dosing 618
Safety 619
Interactions 619
Chapter 289: Riboflavin 621
Related Terms 621
Background 621
Evidence 621
Dosing 622
Safety 622
Interactions 622
Chapter 290: Rooibos 624
Related Terms 624
Background 624
Evidence 624
Dosing 624
Safety 624
Interactions 624
Chapter 291: Rosemary 625
Related Terms 625
Background 625
Evidence 625
Dosing 625
Safety 625
Interactions 626
Chapter 292: Rutin 628
Related Terms 628
Background 628
Evidence 628
Dosing 629
Safety 629
Interactions 629
Chapter 293: Safflower 631
Related Terms 631
Background 631
Evidence 631
Dosing 632
Safety 632
Interactions 633
Chapter 294: Sage 635
Related Terms 635
Background 635
Evidence 635
Dosing 635
Safety 636
Interactions 636
Chapter 295: Salvia 637
Related Terms 637
Background 637
Evidence 637
Dosing 637
Safety 637
Interactions 637
Chapter 296: Sandalwood 638
Related Terms 638
Background 638
Evidence 638
Dosing 638
Safety 638
Interactions 638
Chapter 297: Sanicle 639
Related Terms 639
Background 639
Evidence 639
Dosing 639
Safety 639
Interactions 639
Chapter 298: Sassafras 640
Related Terms 640
Background 640
Evidence 640
Dosing 640
Safety 640
Interactions 640
Chapter 299: Saw Palmetto 641
Related Terms 641
Background 641
Evidence 641
Dosing 642
Safety 642
Interactions 642
Chapter 300: Scotch Broom 643
Related Terms 643
Background 643
Evidence 643
Dosing 644
Safety 644
Interactions 644
Chapter 301: Sea Buckthorn 645
Related Terms 645
Background 645
Evidence 645
Dosing 646
Safety 646
Interactions 646
Chapter 302: Seaweed 647
Related Terms 647
Background 647
Evidence 647
Dosing 647
Safety 647
Interactions 648
Chapter 303: Selenium (Se) 649
Related Terms 649
Background 649
Evidence 649
Dosing 652
Safety 653
Interactions 653
Chapter 304: Shark Cartilage 655
Related Terms 655
Background 655
Evidence 655
Dosing 655
Safety 656
Interactions 656
Chapter 305: Shea 657
Related Terms 657
Background 657
Evidence 657
Dosing 657
Safety 657
Interactions 657
Chapter 306: Shiitake 658
Related Terms 658
Background 658
Evidence 658
Dosing 658
Safety 658
Interactions 659
Chapter 307: Skullcap 660
Related Terms 660
Background 660
Evidence 660
Dosing 660
Safety 660
Interactions 660
Chapter 308: Skunk Cabbage 662
Related Terms 662
Background 662
Evidence 662
Dosing 662
Safety 662
Interactions 662
Chapter 309: Slippery Elm 663
Related Terms 663
Background 663
Evidence 663
Dosing 663
Safety 664
Interactions 664
Chapter 310: Sorrel 665
Related Terms 665
Background 665
Evidence 665
Dosing 665
Safety 666
Interactions 666
Chapter 311: Soy 667
Related Terms 667
Background 667
Evidence 667
Dosing 669
Safety 669
Interactions 670
Chapter 312: Spirulina 671
Related Terms 671
Background 671
Evidence 671
Dosing 672
Safety 672
Interactions 672
Chapter 313: Spleen Extract 673
Related Terms 673
Background 673
Evidence 673
Dosing 673
Safety 673
Interactions 673
Chapter 314: Squill 675
Related Terms 675
Background 675
Evidence 675
Dosing 675
Safety 675
Interactions 675
Chapter 315: Star Anise 677
Related Terms 677
Background 677
Evidence 677
Dosing 677
Safety 677
Interactions 678
Chapter 316: Stevia 679
Related Terms 679
Background 679
Evidence 679
Dosing 679
Safety 679
Interactions 680
Chapter 317: Stinging Nettle 681
Related Terms 681
Background 681
Evidence 681
Dosing 682
Safety 682
Interactions 682
Chapter 318: St. John's Wort 684
Related Terms 684
Background 684
Evidence 684
Dosing 685
Safety 685
Interactions 685
Chapter 319: Strawberry 687
Related Terms 687
Background 687
Evidence 687
Dosing 687
Safety 687
Interactions 687
Chapter 320: Sweet Almond 689
Related Terms 689
Background 689
Evidence 689
Dosing 689
Safety 689
Interactions 690
Chapter 321: Sweet Annie 691
Related Terms 691
Background 691
Evidence 691
Dosing 691
Safety 691
Interactions 691
Chapter 322: Sweet Basil 693
Related Terms 693
Background 693
Evidence 693
Dosing 693
Safety 693
Interactions 693
Chapter 323: Tamanu 694
Related Terms 694
Background 694
Evidence 694
Dosing 694
Safety 694
Interactions 694
Chapter 324: Tamarind 695
Related Terms 695
Background 695
Evidence 695
Dosing 695
Safety 695
Interactions 695
Chapter 325: Tangerine 697
Related Terms 697
Background 697
Evidence 697
Dosing 697
Safety 697
Interactions 697
Chapter 326: Taurine 699
Related Terms 699
Background 699
Evidence 699
Dosing 700
Safety 700
Interactions 701
Chapter 327: Tea tree 702
Related Terms 702
Background 702
Evidence 702
Dosing 703
Safety 703
Interactions 703
Chapter 328: Thiamin (thiamine), vitamin B1 704
Related Terms 704
Background 704
Evidence 704
Dosing 705
Safety 705
Interactions 706
Chapter 329: Thyme 707
Related Terms 707
Background 707
Evidence 707
Dosing 707
Safety 708
Interactions 708
Chapter 330: Thymus extract 709
Related Terms 709
Background 709
Evidence 709
Dosing 711
Safety 711
Interactions 711
Chapter 331: Tribulus 713
Related Terms 713
Background 713
Evidence 713
Dosing 713
Safety 713
Interactions 714
Chapter 332: Turmeric 715
Related Terms 715
Background 715
Evidence 715
Dosing 716
Safety 716
Interactions 716
Chapter 333: Tylophora 718
Related Terms 718
Background 718
Evidence 718
Dosing 718
Safety 718
Interactions 718
Chapter 334: Usnea 720
Related Terms 720
Background 720
Evidence 720
Dosing 720
Safety 720
Interactions 721
Chapter 335: Uva ursi 722
Related Terms 722
Background 722
Evidence 722
Dosing 722
Safety 722
Interactions 723
Chapter 336: Valerian 724
Related Terms 724
Background 724
Evidence 724
Dosing 724
Safety 725
Interactions 725
Chapter 337: Vitamin A 726
Related Terms 726
Background 726
Evidence 726
Dosing 728
Safety 728
Interactions 729
Chapter 338: Vitamin B6 730
Related Terms 730
Background 730
Evidence 730
Dosing 731
Safety 732
Interactions 732
Chapter 339: Vitamin B12 733
Related Terms 733
Background 733
Evidence 733
Dosing 734
Safety 735
Interactions 735
Chapter 340: Vitamin C 737
Related Terms 737
Background 737
Evidence 737
Dosing 739
Safety 739
Interactions 740
Chapter 341: Vitamin D 741
Related Terms 741
Background 741
Evidence 741
Dosing 743
Safety 744
Interactions 744
Chapter 342: Vitamin E 746
Related Terms 746
Background 746
Evidence 746
Dosing 750
Safety 750
Interactions 751
Chapter 343: Vitamin K 752
Related Terms 752
Background 752
Evidence 752
Dosing 753
Safety 753
Interactions 754
Chapter 344: Vitamin O 755
Related Terms 755
Background 755
Evidence 755
Dosing 755
Safety 755
Interactions 755
Chapter 345: Wasabi 756
Related Terms 756
Background 756
Evidence 756
Dosing 756
Safety 756
Interactions 756
Chapter 346: Watercress 758
Related Terms 758
Background 758
Evidence 758
Dosing 758
Safety 758
Interactions 759
Chapter 347: Wheatgrass 760
Related Terms 760
Background 760
Evidence 760
Dosing 760
Safety 760
Interactions 761
Chapter 348: White horehound 762
Related Terms 762
Background 762
Evidence 762
Dosing 763
Safety 763
Interactions 763
Chapter 349: Wild indigo 765
Related Terms 765
Background 765
Evidence 765
Dosing 765
Safety 765
Interactions 765
Chapter 350: Wild yam 766
Related Terms 766
Background 766
Evidence 766
Dosing 766
Safety 766
Interactions 767
Chapter 351: Willow bark 768
Related Terms 768
Background 768
Evidence 768
Dosing 768
Safety 769
Interactions 769
Chapter 352: Witch hazel 771
Related Terms 771
Background 771
Evidence 771
Dosing 771
Safety 772
Interactions 772
Chapter 353: Yarrow 773
Related Terms 773
Background 773
Evidence 773
Dosing 773
Safety 773
Interactions 773
Chapter 354: Yellow dock 775
Related Terms 775
Background 775
Evidence 775
Dosing 775
Safety 775
Interactions 775
Chapter 355: Yerba santa 776
Related Terms 776
Background 776
Evidence 776
Dosing 776
Safety 776
Interactions 776
Chapter 356: Yew 778
Related Terms 778
Background 778
Evidence 778
Dosing 778
Safety 778
Interactions 778
Chapter 357: Yohimbe bark extract 780
Related Terms 780
Background 780
Evidence 780
Dosing 780
Safety 781
Interactions 781
Chapter 358: Yucca 783
Related Terms 783
Background 783
Evidence 783
Dosing 783
Safety 783
Interactions 783
Chapter 359: Zinc (Zn) 784
Related Terms 784
Background 784
Evidence 784
Dosing 788
Safety 791
Interactions 792
Appendix A: 793
Potential Hypoglycemic or Hyperglycemic Effects 793
Potential Increased Risk of Bleeding or Clotting 793
Potential Hepatotoxic Effects 794
Potential Hypotensive or Hypertensive Effects 794
Potential Hormonal Effects 794
Potential Diuretic Effects 795
Potential Sedating Effects 795
Potential Cardioactive Effects 795
Potential Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity 796
Potential Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Effects 796
Potential Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) Effects 796
Potential Laxative/Stimulant-Laxative Effects 796
Potential Immunomodulating Activity 796
Herbs and Supplements with Potential Hypolipemic or Hyperlipemic Effects 797
Potential Antispasmodic Effects 797
Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects 797
Appendix B: 799
Index 825
Front left end sheet 872
Key to Grades 873