BOOK
Endoscopy, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 18-3, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Drs. Stephen Divers and Laila Proença have assembled an expert team of authors focused on Endoscopy and Exotic Animals. Articles include: Definitive diagnosis in exotic animal practice: the essential value of endoscopy, Guinea pig cystoscopy and urolith removal, Flexible endoscopy including gastroscopy in ferrets with a section on Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube Placement and Use, Endoscopic rabbit sterilization, Endoscopy of small NH primates, Pulmonoscopy of snakes, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| VETERINARY CLINICSOF NORTH AMERICA:EXOTIC ANIMAL PRACTICE | i | ||
| Copyright \r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface: Endoscopic Research and Practice Development Marches Forward\r | v | ||
| Making the Difference in Exotic Animal Practice: The Value of Endoscopy\r | v | ||
| Transurethral Cystoscopy and Endoscopic Urolith Removal in Female Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)\r | v | ||
| Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)\r | v | ||
| Endoscopic Ovariectomy of Exotic Mammals Using a Three-Port Approach\r | v | ||
| Oculoscopy in Rabbits and Rodents\r | vi | ||
| Video Otoscopy in Exotic Companion Mammals\r | vi | ||
| Endoscopy and Endosurgery in Nonhuman Primates\r | vi | ||
| The Value of Endoscopy in a Wildlife Raptor Service\r | vi | ||
| Endoscopy in Amphibians\r | vii | ||
| Pulmonoscopy of Snakes\r | vii | ||
| Clinical Applications of Cystoscopy in Chelonians\r | vii | ||
| Gender Identification by Cloacoscopy and Cystoscopy in Juvenile Chelonians\x0B | vii | ||
| Endoscopic Sex Identification in Chelonians and Birds (Psittacines, Passerines, and Raptors)\r | viii | ||
| Coelioscopic and Endoscope-Assisted Sterilization of Chelonians\r | viii | ||
| Video Telescope Operating Microscopy\r | viii | ||
| Endoscopy Practice Management, Fee Structures, and Marketing\r | viii | ||
| Two-Portal Access Laparoscopic Ovariectomy Using Ligasure Atlas in Exotic Companion Mammals\r | ix | ||
| VETERINARY CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA: EXOTIC\rANIMAL PRACTICE\r | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| January 2016 | x | ||
| May 2016 | x | ||
| September 2016 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| May 2015 | x | ||
| January 2015 | x | ||
| September 2014 | x | ||
| Preface\r | xi | ||
| Making the Difference in Exotic Animal Practice | 351 | ||
| Key points | 351 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 351 | ||
| THE DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS | 353 | ||
| THE ENDOSCOPIC SOLUTION | 354 | ||
| REFERENCES | 356 | ||
| Transurethral Cystoscopy and Endoscopic Urolith Removal in Female Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) | 359 | ||
| Key points | 359 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 359 | ||
| INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS | 360 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION AND POSITIONING | 360 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC EQUIPMENT | 361 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 362 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS | 364 | ||
| BENEFITS OF CYSTOSCOPY | 364 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF TRANSURETHRAL CYSTOSCOPY | 365 | ||
| PATIENT MANAGEMENT | 366 | ||
| SUMMARY | 366 | ||
| REFERENCES | 367 | ||
| Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) | 369 | ||
| Key points | 369 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 369 | ||
| CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE FERRET GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 370 | ||
| Esophagus | 370 | ||
| Stomach | 370 | ||
| Small Intestine | 371 | ||
| Duodenum | 371 | ||
| Jejunoileum | 371 | ||
| Large Intestine | 371 | ||
| Colon | 371 | ||
| Rectum and Anus | 371 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 372 | ||
| Flexible Endoscope | 372 | ||
| Basic Construction and Handling | 374 | ||
| Flexible Instruments | 377 | ||
| Pumps and Insufflators | 377 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION AND POSITIONING | 378 | ||
| Evaluation of the Patient | 378 | ||
| Preparation | 378 | ||
| Anesthesia | 378 | ||
| Positioning | 380 | ||
| UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ENDOSCOPY | 380 | ||
| Indications | 380 | ||
| Limitations | 380 | ||
| Contraindications | 381 | ||
| Complications | 381 | ||
| Esophagoscopy | 381 | ||
| Gastroscopy | 382 | ||
| Duodenoscopy | 385 | ||
| Biopsy | 386 | ||
| Gastric biopsies | 386 | ||
| Duodenal biopsies | 386 | ||
| Biopsy interpretation | 387 | ||
| Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy | 387 | ||
| Patient preparation and positioning | 388 | ||
| Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement | 388 | ||
| Complications and postoperative care | 390 | ||
| Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube removal | 390 | ||
| Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding | 391 | ||
| Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract | 391 | ||
| Esophageal disease | 391 | ||
| Gastric disease | 391 | ||
| LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ENDOSCOPY | 393 | ||
| Indications | 393 | ||
| Contraindications | 393 | ||
| Complications | 393 | ||
| Colonoscopy and Jejunoileoscopy Procedure | 393 | ||
| Biopsy | 397 | ||
| Diseases of the Lower Intestinal Tract | 397 | ||
| SUMMARY | 397 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 398 | ||
| REFERENCES | 398 | ||
| Endoscopic Ovariectomy of Exotic Mammals Using a Three-Port Approach | 401 | ||
| Key points | 401 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 401 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 403 | ||
| ANESTHESIA AND PATIENT PREPARATION | 403 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC OVARIECTOMY | 403 | ||
| RECOVERY AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 410 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 411 | ||
| SUMMARY | 414 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 414 | ||
| REFERENCES | 414 | ||
| Oculoscopy in Rabbits and Rodents | 417 | ||
| Key points | 417 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 417 | ||
| INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS | 418 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION AND POSITIONING | 419 | ||
| OCULOSCOPY TECHNIQUE | 419 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 420 | ||
| RABBIT OCULAR ANATOMY | 420 | ||
| RODENT OCULAR ANATOMY | 421 | ||
| CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS | 423 | ||
| SUMMARY | 428 | ||
| REFERENCES | 428 | ||
| Video Otoscopy in Exotic Companion Mammals | 431 | ||
| Key points | 431 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 431 | ||
| INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 432 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION AND EQUIPMENT | 432 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION, ANESTHESIA, AND POSITIONING | 434 | ||
| VIDEO OTOSCOPY | 434 | ||
| NORMAL ANATOMY OF THE EXTERNAL EAR AND TYMPANIC MEMBRANE OF THE RABBIT | 440 | ||
| EAR DISEASES | 444 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 444 | ||
| SUMMARY | 444 | ||
| REFERENCES | 444 | ||
| Endoscopy and Endosurgery in Nonhuman Primates | 447 | ||
| Key points | 447 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 447 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 448 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 449 | ||
| PROCEDURES | 450 | ||
| BENEFITS OF ENDOSCOPY | 459 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND POTENTIAL ADVERSE OUTCOMES | 459 | ||
| CONTROVERSIES/FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 460 | ||
| SUMMARY | 461 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 461 | ||
| REFERENCES | 461 | ||
| The Value of Endoscopy in a Wildlife Raptor Service | 463 | ||
| Key points | 463 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 463 | ||
| EQUIPMENT ACQUISITION | 464 | ||
| General Suggestions | 464 | ||
| Specific Comments on the Purchase of Used Endoscopic Components | 465 | ||
| Rigid endoscope | 465 | ||
| Light cable | 465 | ||
| Light source | 465 | ||
| Endoscopy camera | 465 | ||
| Monitor | 466 | ||
| Carts | 466 | ||
| Storage | 467 | ||
| Cleaning | 467 | ||
| PATIENT SELECTION: INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 467 | ||
| Procedure Preparation | 468 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 468 | ||
| Fasting | 468 | ||
| Anesthesia | 468 | ||
| Positioning | 469 | ||
| PROCEDURES AND BENEFITS | 471 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Conditions | 471 | ||
| Tracheoscopy | 471 | ||
| Celioscopy | 471 | ||
| Foreign Body Removal | 473 | ||
| Diagnosis of Miscellaneous Conditions | 473 | ||
| Treatment of Miscellaneous Conditions | 474 | ||
| Gender Identification | 475 | ||
| Research and Conservation | 475 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS | 475 | ||
| SUMMARY | 475 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 476 | ||
| REFERENCES | 476 | ||
| Endoscopy in Amphibians | 479 | ||
| Key points | 479 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 479 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 480 | ||
| CONTRAINDICATIONS | 480 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 480 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 480 | ||
| ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA | 481 | ||
| ENDOSCOPY PROCEDURES | 481 | ||
| Stomatoscopy and Gastroscopy | 482 | ||
| Coelioscopy | 482 | ||
| Biopsy | 490 | ||
| Carbon Dioxide Removal, Closure of the Coelom, and Postoperative Care | 490 | ||
| BENEFITS OF ENDOSCOPY | 490 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND POTENTIAL ADVERSE OUTCOMES | 490 | ||
| CURRENT CONTROVERSIES AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 490 | ||
| SUMMARY | 491 | ||
| REFERENCES | 491 | ||
| Pulmonoscopy of Snakes | 493 | ||
| Key points | 493 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 493 | ||
| Topography of the Serpentine Respiratory System | 493 | ||
| Snake’s Lung Anatomy | 494 | ||
| INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS | 495 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 496 | ||
| Instrumentation | 496 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 496 | ||
| Preoperative care | 496 | ||
| Anesthesia, analgesia | 496 | ||
| Pulmonoscopy Techniques | 497 | ||
| Tracheal approach | 497 | ||
| Transcutaneous approach | 497 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT | 498 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 500 | ||
| CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS | 500 | ||
| NORMAL TRACHEAL, LUNG, AND AIR SAC APPEARANCE | 500 | ||
| COMMON DISEASES OF LUNGS IN SNAKES | 501 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 502 | ||
| CURRENT CONTROVERSIES/FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 502 | ||
| SUMMARY | 504 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 504 | ||
| REFERENCES | 505 | ||
| Clinical Applications of Cystoscopy in Chelonians | 507 | ||
| Key points | 507 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 507 | ||
| Morphology | 507 | ||
| Size | 508 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 509 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 509 | ||
| Chelonian Positioning | 509 | ||
| Special equipment | 510 | ||
| ENDOSCOPY PROCEDURES | 510 | ||
| Cystoscopy | 510 | ||
| Identification of Coelomic Organs via Cystoscopy | 510 | ||
| Identification of the gastrointestinal tract via cystoscopy | 511 | ||
| Identification of liver, pancreas, and spleen via cystoscopy | 512 | ||
| Identification of heart and lungs via cystoscopy | 514 | ||
| Identification of the kidneys and reproductive tract via cystoscopy | 514 | ||
| Identification and Treatment of Bladder Disorders via Cystoscopy | 517 | ||
| Urinary bladder calculi | 517 | ||
| Ectopic eggs in the urinary bladder | 517 | ||
| Bladder rupture and urocoelom | 519 | ||
| Other findings | 521 | ||
| Accessory Bladder Cystoscopy | 521 | ||
| LIMITATIONS | 522 | ||
| Sterility | 522 | ||
| Species-specific Differences | 522 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND POTENTIAL ADVERSE OUTCOMES | 523 | ||
| Emesis | 523 | ||
| Bladder Rupture | 523 | ||
| Other Complications | 523 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 523 | ||
| PRACTICE MANAGEMENT | 524 | ||
| SUMMARY | 524 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 524 | ||
| REFERENCES | 524 | ||
| Gender Identification by Cloacoscopy and Cystoscopy in Juvenile Chelonians | 527 | ||
| Key points | 527 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 527 | ||
| INDICATION AND CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR GENDER IDENTIFICATION BY CLOACOSCOPY AND CYSTOSCOPY IN JUVENILE CHELONIANS | 528 | ||
| APPROACH | 528 | ||
| TECHNIQUE/PROCEDURE | 529 | ||
| Preparation/Patient Positioning | 529 | ||
| Basic Equipment | 532 | ||
| Special Equipment | 532 | ||
| TECHNIQUE/PROCEDURE | 533 | ||
| Cloacoscopy | 533 | ||
| PHALLUS/CLITORIS IDENTIFICATION | 534 | ||
| CYSTOSCOPY | 535 | ||
| GONAD IDENTIFICATION | 535 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT | 537 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 537 | ||
| CURRENT CONTROVERSIES/FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 537 | ||
| SUMMARY | 537 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 537 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 538 | ||
| REFERENCES | 538 | ||
| Endoscopic Sex Identification in Chelonians and Birds (Psittacines, Passerines, and Raptors) | 541 | ||
| Key points | 541 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 541 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 542 | ||
| BIRDS | 543 | ||
| Patient Preparation and Anesthesia | 543 | ||
| Endoscopic Procedure | 544 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 546 | ||
| Complications | 546 | ||
| REPTILES | 546 | ||
| Patient Preparation and Anesthesia | 548 | ||
| Endoscopic Procedure | 549 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 552 | ||
| Complications | 552 | ||
| REFERENCES | 552 | ||
| Coelioscopic and Endoscope-Assisted Sterilization of Chelonians | 555 | ||
| Key points | 555 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 555 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR CHELONIAN STERILIZATION | 556 | ||
| CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR CHELONIAN STERILIZATION | 556 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC EQUIPMENT | 556 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 557 | ||
| ORCHIECTOMY | 557 | ||
| General Comments | 557 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 558 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 558 | ||
| OOPHORECTOMY/OVARIECTOMY/OVARIOSALPINGECTOMY | 561 | ||
| General Comments | 561 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 561 | ||
| Mature Chelonian Ovariectomy/Oophorectomy | 563 | ||
| Immature Chelonian Ovariectomy/Oophorectomy | 564 | ||
| Ovariosalpingectomy | 564 | ||
| Prefemoral Coeliotomy Closure | 565 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT | 568 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 568 | ||
| CURRENT CONTROVERSIES/FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 568 | ||
| SUMMARY | 568 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 569 | ||
| REFERENCES | 569 | ||
| Video Telescope Operating Microscopy | 571 | ||
| Key points | 571 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 571 | ||
| ILLUMINATION AND MAGNIFICATION: VIDEO TELESCOPIC OPERATING MICROSCOPE | 572 | ||
| ADRENALECTOMY IN A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO) | 573 | ||
| EXPLORATORY COELIOTOMY IN A BEARDED DRAGON (POGONA VITTICEPS) | 574 | ||
| OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN A RAT (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) | 576 | ||
| SUMMARY | 577 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 577 | ||
| REFERENCES | 577 | ||
| Endoscopy Practice Management, Fee Structures, and Marketing | 579 | ||
| Key points | 579 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 579 | ||
| SURVEY | 580 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 580 | ||
| EQUIPMENT CHARGES AND ANCILLARY FEES | 580 | ||
| ENDOSCOPY PROCEDURAL FEES | 580 | ||
| MARKETING | 582 | ||
| SUMMARY | 585 | ||
| Two-Portal Access Laparoscopic Ovariectomy Using Ligasure Atlas in Exotic Companion Mammals | 587 | ||
| Key points | 587 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 587 | ||
| LAPAROSCOPIC EQUIPMENT | 589 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION AND ANESTHESIA | 589 | ||
| TWO-PORTAL LAPAROSCOPIC OVARIECTOMY USING LIGASURE ATLAS | 590 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 590 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 590 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT | 593 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 594 | ||
| CURRENT CONTROVERSIES/FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 594 | ||
| SUMMARY | 594 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 595 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 595 | ||
| REFERENCES | 595 | ||
| Index | 597 |