BOOK
Primary Care Ophthalmology, An Issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 42-3, E-Book
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, Guest Edited by Dr. Joel J. Heidelbaugh, is devoted to Primary Care Ophthalmology. Dr. Heidelbaugh has assembled a group of expert authors to review the following topics: Approach to Red Eye for the Primary Care Practitioner; Ophthalmic Herpes/Shingles; Diabetic Retinopathy; Uveitis; Age-related Macular Degeneration; Glaucoma; Conjunctivitis; Corneal Abrasion; Strabismus; Cataract; Causes of Acute Visual Loss; and Flashes and Floaters.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Primary Care\rOphthalmology | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Foreword: The Complexity of Eye Diseases | v | ||
| Approach to Red Eye for Primary Care Practitioners | v | ||
| Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus | v | ||
| Uveitis | v | ||
| Conjunctivitis | v | ||
| Acute Vision Loss\r | vi | ||
| Corneal Abrasions and Corneal Foreign Bodies\r | vi | ||
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration | vi | ||
| Strabismus | vi | ||
| Cataracts | vii | ||
| Flashes and Floaters | vii | ||
| Glaucoma | vii | ||
| Diabetic Retinopathy | vii | ||
| PRIMARY CARE:\rCLINICS IN OFFICE PRACTICE | viii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | viii | ||
| December 2015 | viii | ||
| March 2016 | viii | ||
| June 2016 | viii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | viii | ||
| June 2015 | viii | ||
| March 2015 | viii | ||
| December 2014 | viii | ||
| The Complexity of Eye Diseases | ix | ||
| Approach to Red Eye for Primary Care Practitioners | 267 | ||
| Key points | 267 | ||
| BACKGROUND AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 267 | ||
| ASSESSMENT | 268 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 272 | ||
| RED FLAGS FOR REFERRAL | 272 | ||
| REFERENCES | 283 | ||
| Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus | 285 | ||
| Key points | 285 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 285 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 286 | ||
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS | 286 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 287 | ||
| Blepharitis and Conjunctivitis | 289 | ||
| Episcleritis and Scleritis | 289 | ||
| Cornea | 289 | ||
| EVALUATION | 289 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS | 289 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS | 289 | ||
| PREVENTION | 292 | ||
| IMMUNOLOGIC THERAPY | 294 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT | 294 | ||
| CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY | 296 | ||
| ANESTHETICS, ANTIDEPRESSANTS, ANTICONVULSANTS, AND OTHER ADJUVANT THERAPY | 297 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES (SURGICAL) | 297 | ||
| REFERRAL STRATEGIES, CONSULTATIONS, AND COMANAGEMENT | 297 | ||
| SELF-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 299 | ||
| DEVELOPING TREATMENTS | 299 | ||
| SUMMARY | 300 | ||
| REFERENCES | 300 | ||
| Uveitis | 305 | ||
| Key points | 305 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF UVEITIS | 305 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 308 | ||
| ECONOMIC IMPACT OF UVEITIS AND VISUAL LOSS | 309 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 309 | ||
| MONITORING FOR COMPLICATIONS | 309 | ||
| WORKUP FOR THE PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN | 310 | ||
| TREATMENT | 312 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 316 | ||
| INFECTIOUS UVEITIS | 316 | ||
| PREGNANCY AND UVEITIS | 317 | ||
| THE ROLE OF THE PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN | 317 | ||
| CORTICOSTEROIDS | 317 | ||
| DRUG-INDUCED UVEITIS AND SCLERITIS | 318 | ||
| LOW VISION | 319 | ||
| FINAL COMMENTS | 319 | ||
| REFERENCES | 319 | ||
| Conjunctivitis | 325 | ||
| Key points | 325 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 325 | ||
| DEFINITION | 326 | ||
| PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE | 327 | ||
| Physical Examination | 328 | ||
| CASE STUDY 1 | 331 | ||
| Corneal Abrasions and Corneal Foreign Bodies | 363 | ||
| Key points | 363 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 363 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 364 | ||
| Frequency | 364 | ||
| Work-Related Incidence and At-risk Populations | 364 | ||
| PRESENTATION | 365 | ||
| EXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSIS | 366 | ||
| TREATMENT | 369 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 371 | ||
| PREVENTION | 372 | ||
| SUMMARY | 373 | ||
| REFERENCES | 374 | ||
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration | 377 | ||
| Key points | 377 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 377 | ||
| Disease Description | 377 | ||
| Definition | 377 | ||
| Prevalence and Incidence | 378 | ||
| Symptom Criteria | 378 | ||
| CLINICAL FINDINGS | 378 | ||
| Physical Examination | 378 | ||
| Rating Scales | 380 | ||
| Diagnostic Modalities | 381 | ||
| Comorbidities | 382 | ||
| Management Goals | 383 | ||
| Referral Strategies | 383 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES | 383 | ||
| Age-Related Early Disease Study Vitamin Supplements | 383 | ||
| Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor | 384 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES | 385 | ||
| Laser Photocoagulation | 385 | ||
| Photodynamic Therapy | 386 | ||
| Low Vision Aids | 386 | ||
| SELF-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 387 | ||
| Diet | 387 | ||
| Amsler Grid | 387 | ||
| ForSEEHome Device | 388 | ||
| Comanagement Goals: Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 388 | ||
| SUMMARY | 388 | ||
| REFERENCES | 389 | ||
| Strabismus | 393 | ||
| Key points | 393 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 393 | ||
| ESOTROPIA | 394 | ||
| Pseudoesotropia | 395 | ||
| Congenital Esotropia | 395 | ||
| Accommodative Esotropia | 395 | ||
| EXODEVIATIONS | 396 | ||
| Pseudoexotropia | 397 | ||
| Exophoria | 397 | ||
| Intermittent Exotropia | 397 | ||
| Constant Exotropia | 398 | ||
| Convergence Insufficiency | 398 | ||
| OCULAR CRANIAL NERVE PALSIES | 398 | ||
| Sixth Cranial Nerve | 399 | ||
| Third Cranial Nerve | 401 | ||
| Fourth Cranial Nerve | 403 | ||
| SUMMARY | 405 | ||
| REFERENCES | 405 | ||
| Cataracts | 409 | ||
| Key points | 409 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 409 | ||
| Cataract Surgery: A Brief History | 409 | ||
| Prevalence and Epidemiology | 410 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY | 410 | ||
| Types of Cataracts | 411 | ||
| Age-related cataracts | 411 | ||
| Secondary cataracts | 412 | ||
| Congenital | 413 | ||
| Trauma | 413 | ||
| SYMPTOMS | 413 | ||
| HISTORY | 414 | ||
| WORKUP AND EVALUATION | 415 | ||
| MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT | 416 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management of the Cataract | 416 | ||
| Surgical Management of Cataracts | 417 | ||
| Indications for Surgery | 417 | ||
| Cost-effectiveness of Cataract Surgery | 417 | ||
| Preoperative Assessment | 418 | ||
| Cataract Surgery | 419 | ||
| Before the surgery | 419 | ||
| Anesthesia for cataract surgery | 419 | ||
| Current surgical techniques | 419 | ||
| Intracapsular cataract extraction | 419 | ||
| Extracapsular cataract extraction | 419 | ||
| Phacoemulsification | 420 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 420 | ||
| Intraocular lenses | 420 | ||
| PREVENTION | 421 | ||
| REFERENCES | 422 | ||
| Flashes and Floaters | 425 | ||
| Key points | 425 | ||
| MONOCULAR SYMPTOMS | 425 | ||
| Vitreoretinal Traction | 426 | ||
| Posterior vitreous detachment | 426 | ||
| Disease description | 426 | ||
| Definition | 426 | ||
| Prevalence/incidence | 426 | ||
| Risk factors | 426 | ||
| Symptom criteria | 427 | ||
| Clinical findings | 427 | ||
| Physical examination | 427 | ||
| Diagnostic modalities | 427 | ||
| Comorbidities | 427 | ||
| Management goals | 427 | ||
| Referral strategies | 427 | ||
| Self-management strategies | 427 | ||
| Comanagement goals: evaluation, adjustment, recurrence | 427 | ||
| Summary | 427 | ||
| Retinal tears and detachment | 428 | ||
| Disease description | 428 | ||
| Definition | 428 | ||
| Prevalence/incidence | 428 | ||
| Risk factors | 428 | ||
| Symptom criteria | 428 | ||
| Clinical findings | 428 | ||
| Physical examination | 428 | ||
| Rating scales | 429 | ||
| Diagnostic modalities | 429 | ||
| Comorbidities | 429 | ||
| Management goals | 430 | ||
| Referral strategies | 430 | ||
| Comanagement goals: evaluation, adjustment, recurrence | 430 | ||
| Summary | 430 | ||
| Vitreous Hemorrhage | 430 | ||
| Introduction | 430 | ||
| Disease description | 430 | ||
| Definition | 430 | ||
| Prevalence/incidence | 430 | ||
| Risk factors | 430 | ||
| Symptom criteria | 430 | ||
| Clinical findings | 430 | ||
| Physical examination | 430 | ||
| Rating scales | 431 | ||
| Diagnostic modalities | 431 | ||
| Comorbidities | 432 | ||
| Management goals | 432 | ||
| Referral strategies | 432 | ||
| Management strategies | 432 | ||
| Summary | 432 | ||
| BINOCULAR SYMPTOMS | 432 | ||
| Migraine Aura | 433 | ||
| Introduction | 433 | ||
| Disease description | 433 | ||
| Definition | 433 | ||
| Risk factors | 433 | ||
| Symptom criteria | 433 | ||
| Clinical findings | 433 | ||
| Physical examination | 433 | ||
| Management goals | 433 | ||
| Referral strategies | 433 | ||
| Pharmacologic strategies | 434 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic strategies | 434 | ||
| Summary | 434 | ||
| REFERENCES | 434 | ||
| Glaucoma | 437 | ||
| Key points | 437 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 437 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GLAUCOMA | 438 | ||
| Risk Factors | 440 | ||
| Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Glaucoma | 440 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 440 | ||
| Screening and Prevention | 441 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 442 | ||
| Medical Therapy | 443 | ||
| Laser | 445 | ||
| Surgical | 445 | ||
| Future Therapy | 446 | ||
| Monitoring and Follow-up | 446 | ||
| SUMMARY | 446 | ||
| REFERENCES | 447 | ||
| Diabetic Retinopathy | 451 | ||
| Key points | 451 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 451 | ||
| DEFINITION | 451 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy | 452 | ||
| Epidemiology | 454 | ||
| Symptoms | 455 | ||
| Diabetic macular edema | 456 | ||
| Proliferative diabetic retinopathy | 457 | ||
| Vitreous hemorrhage | 457 | ||
| Tractional retinal detachment | 457 | ||
| Diagnostic Modalities | 457 | ||
| Management of Diabetic Retinopathy | 457 | ||
| Management Goals | 458 | ||
| Glucose control | 458 | ||
| Blood pressure control | 459 | ||
| Lipid control | 459 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES | 459 | ||
| Systemic Medications | 459 | ||
| Aspirin | 459 | ||
| Fenofibrate | 459 | ||
| Ocular Medications | 459 | ||
| Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, pegaptanib) | 460 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES | 461 | ||
| Laser Photocoagulation | 461 | ||
| Vitrectomy | 462 | ||
| SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCE: NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA | 462 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy During Pregnancy | 462 | ||
| CRITERIA FOR URGENT REFERRAL TO AN OPHTHALMOLOGIST | 462 | ||
| SUMMARY | 462 | ||
| REFERENCES | 463 |