BOOK
Severe Asthma, An Issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, guest edited by Dr. Rohit Katial, is devoted to Severe Asthma. Articles in this issue include: Epidemiology and Pulmonary Physiology of Severe Asthma; Linkage and Genetic Associations in Severe Asthma; Asthma COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS); Biomarkers in Severe Asthma; Imaging in Severe Asthma; Eosinophilic Phenotype; Neutrophilic and Pauci-immune Phenotypes; Role of Sleep Apnea and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Severe Asthma; Role of Small Airways in Severe Asthma; Chronic Infection and Severe Asthma; Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Aspirin Associated Respiratory Disease; Psychosocial Factors in Severe Asthma; Traditional Therapies for Severe Asthma; and Emerging Biologics for Severe Asthma.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Severe Asthma | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword: Severe Asthma - Chipping Away at the Unmet Need | vii | ||
| Preface: Severe Asthma - A Heterogeneous Disease | vii | ||
| Epidemiology and Pulmonary Physiology of Severe Asthma | vii | ||
| Linkage and Genetic Association in Severe Asthma | vii | ||
| Psychosocial Factors in Severe Pediatric Asthma | vii | ||
| Role of Sleep Apnea and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Severe Asthma | viii | ||
| Role of Small Airways in Asthma | viii | ||
| Chronic Infection and Severe Asthma | viii | ||
| Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease | viii | ||
| Asthma–Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome: Nothing New Under the Sun | viii | ||
| Imaging of Asthma | ix | ||
| Biomarkers in Severe Asthma | ix | ||
| Eosinophilic Endotype of Asthma | ix | ||
| Neutrophilic and Pauci-immune Phenotypes in Severe Asthma | ix | ||
| Traditional Therapies for Severe Asthma | x | ||
| Emerging Biologics in Severe Asthma | x | ||
| IMMUNOLOGYAND ALLERGY\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| November 2016 | xi | ||
| February 2017 | xi | ||
| May 2017 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| May 2016 | xi | ||
| February 2016 | xi | ||
| November 2015 | xi | ||
| Foreword:\rSevere Asthma: Chipping Away at the Unmet Need | xiii | ||
| Preface:\rSevere Asthma: A Heterogeneous Disease | xv | ||
| Epidemiology and Pulmonary Physiology of Severe Asthma | 425 | ||
| Key points | 425 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 425 | ||
| DEMOGRAPHICS OF SEVERE ASTHMA | 425 | ||
| COHORT CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERE ASTHMA | 426 | ||
| FINANCIAL IMPACT | 428 | ||
| DISEASE HETEROGENEITY OF SEVERE ASTHMA | 428 | ||
| PULMONARY PHYSIOLOGY OF SEVERE ASTHMA | 429 | ||
| AIRFLOW | 430 | ||
| AIRWAY RESISTANCE | 431 | ||
| LOSS OF ELASTIC RECOIL | 431 | ||
| GAS TRAPPING | 432 | ||
| VENTILATION HETEROGENEITY | 432 | ||
| AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS AND PERCEPTION OF DYSPNEA | 433 | ||
| SUMMARY | 434 | ||
| REFERENCES | 434 | ||
| Linkage and Genetic Association in Severe Asthma | 439 | ||
| Key points | 439 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 439 | ||
| GENETIC VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE ASTHMA | 440 | ||
| 17q21 Region | 440 | ||
| Interleukin-33/IL1RL1 | 441 | ||
| Tumor Growth Factor-β | 442 | ||
| CHI3L1 | 442 | ||
| OTHER POTENTIAL VARIANTS | 443 | ||
| Current Controversies/Limitations | 443 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS/SUMMARY | 445 | ||
| REFERENCES | 445 | ||
| Psychosocial Factors in Severe Pediatric Asthma | 449 | ||
| Key points | 449 | ||
| RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASTHMA AND BEHAVIORAL DISTURBANCE | 449 | ||
| Epidemiological Associations | 449 | ||
| Internalizing symptoms | 450 | ||
| Externalizing symptoms | 451 | ||
| Psychosocial Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes | 451 | ||
| Child psychopathology | 451 | ||
| Caregiver functioning | 451 | ||
| Family functioning | 452 | ||
| Life stress | 453 | ||
| BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS FOR CHILDREN WITH SEVERE ASTHMA AND THEIR FAMILIES | 453 | ||
| Patient and Family Education | 453 | ||
| Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions | 454 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 455 | ||
| REFERENCES | 456 | ||
| Role of Sleep Apnea and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Severe Asthma | 461 | ||
| Key points | 461 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 461 | ||
| IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN ASTHMA AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX? | 462 | ||
| DOES GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX IMPACT ASTHMA CONTROL OR DOES ASTHMA CONTRIBUTE TO GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX? | 462 | ||
| DOES TREATMENT OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX WITH PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS HELP CONTROL ASTHMA? | 463 | ||
| UNRESOLVED ISSUES SURROUNDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX AND ASTHMA | 463 | ||
| WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME AND ASTHMA? | 465 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASTHMA AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME | 466 | ||
| DOES TREATMENT WITH CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE WITH OR WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME IMPACT ASTHMA CONTROL? | 467 | ||
| REFERENCES | 468 | ||
| Role of Small Airways in Asthma | 473 | ||
| Key points | 473 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 473 | ||
| INFLAMMATION | 474 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY | 475 | ||
| OTHER MODALITIES | 477 | ||
| THERAPEUTICS | 478 | ||
| SUMMARY | 479 | ||
| REFERENCES | 480 | ||
| Chronic Infection and Severe Asthma | 483 | ||
| Key points | 483 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 483 | ||
| MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE | 483 | ||
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pathogenicity | 484 | ||
| Experimental and Mechanistic Models of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Asthma | 484 | ||
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Asthma in Humans | 485 | ||
| Onset of wheeze or asthma | 485 | ||
| Chronic asthma, exacerbations, and severity | 485 | ||
| CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE | 488 | ||
| Chlamydophila pneumoniae Pathogenicity | 488 | ||
| Experimental and Mechanistic Models of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Asthma | 488 | ||
| Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Asthma in Humans | 489 | ||
| Onset of wheeze or asthma | 489 | ||
| Chronic asthma, exacerbations, and severity | 489 | ||
| MACROLIDES FOR ASTHMA | 489 | ||
| Use of Macrolides in Asthma, Irrespective of Atypical Infection | 489 | ||
| Macrolides as Steroid-Sparing Agents for Asthma | 489 | ||
| Use of Macrolides in Asthma, with Respect to Atypical Infection | 492 | ||
| MICROBIOME OF THE ASTHMATIC LUNG | 492 | ||
| SUMMARY | 494 | ||
| REFERENCES | 494 | ||
| Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease | 503 | ||
| Key points | 503 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 503 | ||
| DEFINITIONS | 503 | ||
| UNIFIED AIRWAY HYPOTHESIS | 504 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 505 | ||
| ALLERGIC FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS | 505 | ||
| BACTERIA IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS | 505 | ||
| ATOPY | 506 | ||
| ASPIRIN-EXACERBATED RESPIRATORY DISEASE | 506 | ||
| EVALUATION AND TREATMENT | 507 | ||
| Imaging | 507 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 508 | ||
| Antibiotics | 508 | ||
| Leukotriene Modifiers | 508 | ||
| Surgery | 508 | ||
| BIOLOGIC THERAPY | 509 | ||
| SUMMARY | 509 | ||
| REFERENCES | 509 | ||
| Asthma–Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome | 515 | ||
| Key points | 515 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 515 | ||
| PREVALENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ASTHMA–CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE OVERLAP SYNDROME | 516 | ||
| CONSENSUS STATEMENTS | 518 | ||
| Spanish Statement | 518 | ||
| Combined Global Initiative for Asthma/Global Initiative of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Statement | 519 | ||
| PROPOSED PATHWAYS TO ASTHMA CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE OVERLAP SYNDROME, PRESENTED AS 4 PHENOTYPES | 519 | ||
| Smokers with Eosinophilic Inflammation | 519 | ||
| Resistant Asthmatic | 522 | ||
| Elderly Asthmatic with Irreversible Airflow Obstruction | 522 | ||
| Childhood Asthmatic Who Smokes and Develops Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 523 | ||
| OTHER CONSIDERATIONS | 524 | ||
| Genetic Overlap | 524 | ||
| Therapeutic Options and Targets | 524 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS/SUMMARY | 525 | ||
| REFERENCES | 525 | ||
| Imaging of Asthma | 529 | ||
| Key points | 529 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 529 | ||
| CHEST RADIOGRAPHY | 529 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 531 | ||
| ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS | 534 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 535 | ||
| MIMICS | 538 | ||
| SUMMARY | 542 | ||
| REFERENCES | 542 | ||
| Biomarkers in Severe Asthma | 547 | ||
| Key points | 547 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 547 | ||
| BIOMARKERS OF TYPE 2 INFLAMMATION | 548 | ||
| Sputum Eosinophils | 548 | ||
| Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Concentration | 548 | ||
| Blood Eosinophils | 549 | ||
| Periostin | 549 | ||
| OTHER BIOMARKERS OF TYPE 2 INFLAMMATION | 549 | ||
| BIOMARKERS UNRELATED TO TYPE 2 INFLAMMATION | 549 | ||
| Sputum Neutrophil | 549 | ||
| Interleukin-17 | 550 | ||
| Other Non–Type 2 Inflammatory Biomarkers | 550 | ||
| Special Considerations in Children | 550 | ||
| UTILITY IN SEVERE ASTHMA | 550 | ||
| Diagnosis | 550 | ||
| Prognosis | 550 | ||
| Establishing a Baseline and Monitoring Control | 551 | ||
| Endotyping | 551 | ||
| Guiding Choice of Therapy in Severe Asthma | 551 | ||
| Guide Dosing of Inhaled Corticosteroid | 552 | ||
| Assess Adherence | 552 | ||
| SUMMARY | 552 | ||
| REFERENCES | 553 | ||
| Eosinophilic Endotype of Asthma | 559 | ||
| Key points | 559 | ||
| DEFINITION OF EOSINOPHILIC ASTHMA | 560 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF EOSINOPHILIC ASTHMA | 560 | ||
| Bronchial Mucosal and BAL Eosinophils | 560 | ||
| Sputum Eosinophil | 561 | ||
| Blood Eosinophil Counts | 561 | ||
| Other Methods to Identify the Eosinophilic Phenotype | 561 | ||
| Periostin | 562 | ||
| Metabolomics | 562 | ||
| Gene Expression Biomarkers | 562 | ||
| PREVALENCE, STABILITY, AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THE EOSINOPHILIC ASTHMA PHENOTYPE | 563 | ||
| MECHANISMS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO A PERSISTENT EOSINOPHILIC ENDOTYPE | 564 | ||
| The Clinical Relevance of Identifying an Eosinophilic Endotype | 565 | ||
| SUMMARY | 565 | ||
| REFERENCES | 566 | ||
| Neutrophilic and Pauci-immune Phenotypes in Severe Asthma | 569 | ||
| Key points | 569 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 569 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 570 | ||
| Neutrophilic Asthma | 570 | ||
| Pauci-immune Asthma | 571 | ||
| Therapeutic Approaches | 573 | ||
| Current Controversies | 575 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS/SUMMARY | 575 | ||
| REFERENCES | 576 | ||
| Traditional Therapies for Severe Asthma | 581 | ||
| Key points | 581 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 581 | ||
| COMBINATION INHALED CORTICOSTEROID AND LONG-ACTING β-AGONIST THERAPY | 583 | ||
| LONG-ACTING ANTICHOLINERGIC/MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST THERAPY | 588 | ||
| OMALIZUMAB | 588 | ||
| SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS | 589 | ||
| ADDITIONAL ADD-ON THERAPIES | 590 | ||
| Theophylline | 591 | ||
| Antileukotrienes | 591 | ||
| Allergen Immunotherapy | 594 | ||
| Macrolide Antibiotics | 594 | ||
| Bronchial Thermoplasty | 594 | ||
| Small-Particle Inhaled Corticosteroids | 597 | ||
| SPECIAL POPULATIONS | 597 | ||
| Pediatrics | 597 | ||
| Pregnancy and Lactation | 598 | ||
| Obesity | 600 | ||
| Specific Racial and Ethnic Groups | 600 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 600 | ||
| REFERENCES | 601 | ||
| Emerging Biologics in Severe Asthma | 609 | ||
| Key points | 609 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 609 | ||
| Definition of severe asthma for patients 6 years old and older | 610 | ||
| T-HELPER 2 CYTOKINES AS POTENTIAL TREATMENT TARGETS | 611 | ||
| T-HELPER 2 CYTOKINE BLOCKERS | 612 | ||
| Anti-Interleukin-5 or Anti-Interleukin-5R | 612 | ||
| Alternative Anti-Interleukin-5 Treatments | 615 | ||
| Anti-Interleukin-13 | 617 | ||
| Interleukin-4 Receptor-αBlockers | 618 | ||
| PROSPECTS FOR T-HELPER 2 LOW DISEASE | 618 | ||
| AN APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ASTHMA POTENTIALLY SUITABLE FOR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT | 619 | ||
| Diagnosis | 619 | ||
| THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE PATTERN OF AIRWAY INFLAMMATION | 620 | ||
| SUMMARY | 620 | ||
| REFERENCES | 621 |