BOOK
Topics in Transplantation Imaging, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America, E-Book
Puneet Bhargava | Matthew T. Heller
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America focuses on Topics in Transplantation Imaging. Articles will include: Surgical and imaging workup of the liver pre-transplantation donor and recipient; Surgical techniques and imaging complications of liver transplantation; Surgical and imaging workup of the renal pre-transplantation donor and recipient; Imaging complications of renal transplantation; Surgical and imaging workup of the pancreas pre-transplantation donor and recipient; Interventional and surgical techniques in solid organ transplantation; Complications of immunosuppresive therapy in solid organ transplantation; Pediatric thoracic organ transplantation: current indications, techniques, and imaging findings; Pediatric abdominal organ transplantation: update on current practical imaging assessment; Surgical issues of lung transplantation; Imaging complications of lung transplantation; Current indications, techniques, and imaging findings of stem cell treatment and bone marrow transplant; and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Topics in Transplantation Imaging\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: Transplant Imaging—Focusing on a Systematic Approach\r | vii | ||
| Pretransplantation Imaging Workup of the Liver Donor and Recipient\r | vii | ||
| Surgical Techniques and Imaging Complications of Liver Transplant\r | vii | ||
| Renal Pretransplantation Work-up, Donor, Recipient, Surgical Techniques\r | vii | ||
| Imaging Complications of Renal Transplantation\r | vii | ||
| Imaging of Pancreas Transplantation and Its Complications\r | viii | ||
| Interventional and Surgical Techniques in Solid Organ Transplantation\r | viii | ||
| Pediatric Abdominal Organ Transplantation: Current Indications, Techniques, and Imaging Findings\r | viii | ||
| Complications of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation\r | viii | ||
| Pediatric Thoracic Organ Transplantation: Current Indications, Techniques, and Imaging Findings\r | ix | ||
| Imaging in Lung Transplantation: Surgical Considerations of Donor and Recipient\r | ix | ||
| Imaging the Complications of Lung Transplantation\r | ix | ||
| Current Indications, Techniques, and Imaging Findings of Stem Cell Treatment and Bone Marrow Transplant\r | ix | ||
| Program Objective | xi | ||
| Target Audience | xi | ||
| Learning Objectives | xi | ||
| Accreditation | xi | ||
| Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest | xi | ||
| Unapproved/Off-Label Use Disclosure | xi | ||
| To Enroll | xii | ||
| Method of Participation | xii | ||
| CME Inquiries/Special Needs | xii | ||
| RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | xiii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xiii | ||
| May 2016 | xiii | ||
| July 2016 | xiii | ||
| September 2016 | xiii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xiii | ||
| January 2016 | xiii | ||
| November 2015 | xiii | ||
| September 2015 | xiii | ||
| Preface:Transplant \rImaging—Focusing on a Systematic Approach | xv | ||
| Pretransplantation Imaging Workup of the Liver Donor and Recipient | 185 | ||
| Key points | 185 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 185 | ||
| TRANSPLANT OPERATION | 186 | ||
| Cadaveric Liver Transplant | 186 | ||
| Split-Liver Cadaveric Transplant | 186 | ||
| Living Donor Liver Transplant | 186 | ||
| IMAGING TECHNIQUES | 187 | ||
| Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography Angiography | 187 | ||
| MR Imaging/Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography | 188 | ||
| Image Postprocessing | 188 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE IMAGING OF THE RECIPIENT | 189 | ||
| Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Score and Candidate Eligibility | 189 | ||
| HCC Nodule Characterization and Transplant Criteria | 190 | ||
| Bridging and Down-Staging HCC with Locoregional Therapy | 190 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE IMAGING OF THE LIVING DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION DONOR | 190 | ||
| Hepatic Arteries | 191 | ||
| Hepatic Veins | 192 | ||
| Portal Veins | 192 | ||
| Biliary System | 193 | ||
| Liver Parenchyma | 193 | ||
| SUMMARY | 195 | ||
| REFERENCES | 196 | ||
| Surgical Techniques and Imaging Complications of Liver Transplant | 199 | ||
| Key points | 199 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION | 199 | ||
| ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANT | 200 | ||
| LIVING DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANT | 200 | ||
| NORMAL POSTOPERATIVE APPEARANCE OF THE LIVER | 200 | ||
| SURVEILLANCE STRATEGY FOR COMPLICATIONS/RECURRENCE | 201 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF HEPATIC TRANSPLANT | 201 | ||
| Vascular Complications | 201 | ||
| Hepatic arterial complications | 201 | ||
| Normal postoperative appearance | 201 | ||
| Hepatic artery thrombosis | 202 | ||
| Hepatic artery stenosis | 203 | ||
| Pseudoaneurysm | 203 | ||
| Portal venous complications | 205 | ||
| Normal postoperative appearance | 205 | ||
| Portal vein thrombosis | 205 | ||
| Portal vein stenosis | 205 | ||
| Hepatic vein and inferior vena cava complications | 205 | ||
| Hepatic vein/inferior vena cava thrombosis | 206 | ||
| Hepatic vein/inferior vena cava stenosis | 207 | ||
| Arterioportal fistula | 208 | ||
| Biliary complications | 208 | ||
| Biliary Complications | 209 | ||
| Biliary leak | 209 | ||
| Biliary stricture | 209 | ||
| Anastomotic strictures | 209 | ||
| Nonanastomotic strictures | 209 | ||
| Other biliary complications | 210 | ||
| Other Complications | 210 | ||
| Postoperative collections | 210 | ||
| Hepatic ischemia/infarction | 210 | ||
| Rejection | 211 | ||
| Infections | 211 | ||
| Neoplasms | 211 | ||
| Recurrent disease | 212 | ||
| OVERALL APPROACH | 213 | ||
| REFERENCES | 213 | ||
| Renal Pretransplantation Work-up, Donor, Recipient, Surgical Techniques | 217 | ||
| Key points | 217 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 217 | ||
| PRETRANSPLANT EVALUATION OF LIVING RENAL DONORS | 217 | ||
| IMAGING PROTOCOLS FOR DONOR EVALUATION | 218 | ||
| IMAGING REPORT | 219 | ||
| Computed Tomography Examination | 219 | ||
| MR Imaging | 221 | ||
| Living Donor Selection | 222 | ||
| PRETRANSPLANT EVALUATION OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS | 223 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 224 | ||
| SUMMARY | 233 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 233 | ||
| REFERENCES | 233 | ||
| Imaging Complications of Renal Transplantation | 235 | ||
| Key points | 235 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 235 | ||
| NORMAL ANATOMY | 236 | ||
| IMAGING PROTOCOL | 236 | ||
| Ultrasound | 236 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 237 | ||
| MR Imaging | 237 | ||
| Nuclear Medicine | 237 | ||
| RENAL TRANSPLANT COMPLICATIONS | 237 | ||
| Vascular Complications | 237 | ||
| Renal artery stenosis | 238 | ||
| Renal artery thrombosis | 239 | ||
| Renal vein thrombosis | 239 | ||
| Pseudoaneurysm | 240 | ||
| Arteriovenous fistula | 240 | ||
| Collecting System Complications | 241 | ||
| Urine leak | 241 | ||
| Urinary obstruction | 242 | ||
| Renal Parenchymal Complications | 243 | ||
| Peritransplant Collections | 244 | ||
| Hematoma | 244 | ||
| Lymphocele | 246 | ||
| Urinoma | 246 | ||
| Miscellaneous Complications | 246 | ||
| Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder | 246 | ||
| SUMMARY | 246 | ||
| REFERENCES | 247 | ||
| Imaging of Pancreas Transplantation and Its Complications | 251 | ||
| Key points | 251 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 251 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 254 | ||
| Vascular Complications | 254 | ||
| Thrombosis | 255 | ||
| Arterial Thrombosis | 257 | ||
| Arterial Anastomosis or Stenosis | 259 | ||
| Pseudoaneurysm | 259 | ||
| Arteriovenous Fistula | 260 | ||
| Collection or Hematoma | 260 | ||
| Graft-related Complications | 261 | ||
| Pancreatitis (early or late) | 261 | ||
| Pseudocyst | 262 | ||
| Abscess | 262 | ||
| Rejection | 262 | ||
| ENTERIC COMPLICATIONS | 263 | ||
| Anastomotic Leak or Abscess | 263 | ||
| Postoperative Obstruction | 263 | ||
| Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder | 263 | ||
| IMAGE-GUIDED PROCEDURES | 264 | ||
| Biopsy | 264 | ||
| Fluid Collection Drainage | 264 | ||
| SUMMARY | 264 | ||
| REFERENCES | 265 | ||
| Interventional and Surgical Techniques in Solid Organ Transplantation | 267 | ||
| Key points | 267 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUES IN SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION | 267 | ||
| Liver Transplantation | 267 | ||
| Transplant techniques | 267 | ||
| Venovenous bypass | 267 | ||
| Surgical technique for orthotopic liver transplantation | 268 | ||
| Surgical steps for recipient hepatectomy | 268 | ||
| Surgical steps for donor graft placement after inferior vena cava anastomosis | 268 | ||
| Renal Transplantation | 270 | ||
| Surgical technique for renal transplantation | 270 | ||
| Pediatric en-block donor | 270 | ||
| Pancreas Transplantation | 271 | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY TECHNIQUES IN POST TRANSPLANT PATIENTS | 272 | ||
| Liver Transplantation | 272 | ||
| Vascular complications after liver transplantation | 272 | ||
| Overview and incidence | 272 | ||
| Imaging diagnosis of a vascular complication | 272 | ||
| Hepatic arterial thrombosis | 272 | ||
| Hepatic artery stenosis | 272 | ||
| Findings on sonographic Doppler suggestive of hepatic artery stenosis | 272 | ||
| Portal vein stenosis, thrombosis, and occlusion | 273 | ||
| Technical considerations and treatment options for portal complications | 273 | ||
| Hepatic venous outflow stenosis and occlusion | 273 | ||
| Technical considerations and treatment options for venous outflow complications | 274 | ||
| Biliary complications | 274 | ||
| Overview and incidence | 274 | ||
| Clinical presentation and imaging evaluation in biliary complications | 275 | ||
| Biliary stricture | 275 | ||
| Biliary leak and bilomas | 276 | ||
| Complications After Kidney Transplantation | 276 | ||
| Vascular complications | 276 | ||
| Overview and incidence | 276 | ||
| Imaging diagnosis of a vascular complication | 276 | ||
| Urinary complications | 276 | ||
| Biopsy complications | 277 | ||
| Complications After Pancreas Transplantation | 277 | ||
| REFERENCES | 278 | ||
| Pediatric Abdominal Organ Transplantation | 281 | ||
| Key points | 281 | ||
| RENAL TRANSPLANTATION | 281 | ||
| Introduction | 281 | ||
| Normal Anatomy and Imaging Techniques | 282 | ||
| Preoperative Assessment | 282 | ||
| Postoperative Assessment | 283 | ||
| Complications | 284 | ||
| Hematoma and seroma | 284 | ||
| Abscess | 284 | ||
| Lymphocele | 284 | ||
| Vascular Complications | 284 | ||
| Renal artery thrombosis | 284 | ||
| Renal vein thrombosis | 285 | ||
| Renal artery stenosis | 285 | ||
| Urologic Complications | 285 | ||
| Urinary tract obstruction | 285 | ||
| Urine leak and urinoma | 286 | ||
| Vesicoureteral reflux | 287 | ||
| Parenchymal Abnormalities | 287 | ||
| Postbiopsy Complications | 288 | ||
| Summary | 288 | ||
| Pitfalls | 288 | ||
| What the Referring Physician Needs to Know | 288 | ||
| LIVER TRANSPLANTATION | 288 | ||
| Introduction | 288 | ||
| Normal Anatomy and Imaging Technique | 290 | ||
| Imaging Findings/Pathology | 291 | ||
| Hepatic artery thrombosis and stenosis | 291 | ||
| Portal vein thrombosis and stenosis | 292 | ||
| Hepatic vein outflow obstruction | 292 | ||
| Biliary complications | 293 | ||
| Postoperative fluid collections | 296 | ||
| Pearls, Pitfalls, Variants | 296 | ||
| What the Referring Physician Needs to Know | 296 | ||
| MULTIVICERAL TRANSPLANTATION | 296 | ||
| Introduction | 296 | ||
| Normal Anatomy and Imaging Techniques | 296 | ||
| Preoperative Assessment | 297 | ||
| Postoperative Assessment | 297 | ||
| Imaging Findings/Pathology | 298 | ||
| Infection | 298 | ||
| Vascular Complications | 298 | ||
| Intestinal Complications | 298 | ||
| Posttransplant Neoplasms | 299 | ||
| Pearls, Pitfalls, Variants | 300 | ||
| What the Referring Physician Needs to Know | 300 | ||
| REFERENCES | 300 | ||
| Complications of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation | 303 | ||
| Key points | 303 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 303 | ||
| IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS IN SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION | 304 | ||
| Antibodies | 305 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 305 | ||
| Calcineurin Inhibitors | 306 | ||
| Antimetabolites | 306 | ||
| Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors | 306 | ||
| Novel Immunosuppressive Agents | 306 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC IMMUNOSUPPRESSION: INFECTIONS | 306 | ||
| VIRAL INFECTIONS | 307 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus | 307 | ||
| Other Herpes Virus Infections | 308 | ||
| FUNGAL INFECTIONS | 308 | ||
| Candida Species | 308 | ||
| Aspergillus Species | 309 | ||
| Pneumocystis jirovecii | 309 | ||
| Cryptococcus neoformans | 310 | ||
| Mucormycosis | 310 | ||
| BACTERIAL INFECTIONS | 310 | ||
| Nocardiosis | 311 | ||
| Mycobacterial Infections | 311 | ||
| Other Bacterial Infections | 311 | ||
| PARASITIC INFECTIONS | 311 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC IMMUNOSUPPRESSION: MALIGNANCIES | 312 | ||
| Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | 313 | ||
| Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder | 314 | ||
| Anogenital Cancers | 315 | ||
| Cancers Caused by Predisposing Chronic Disorders | 316 | ||
| SUMMARY | 316 | ||
| REFERENCES | 316 | ||
| Pediatric Thoracic Organ Transplantation | 321 | ||
| Key points | 321 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 321 | ||
| LUNG TRANSPLANTATION | 322 | ||
| Current Indications | 322 | ||
| Imaging Techniques | 322 | ||
| Postoperative Imaging Findings | 323 | ||
| Immediate complications (<24 hours) | 323 | ||
| Donor-recipient size mismatch | 323 | ||
| Hyperacute rejection | 324 | ||
| Early complications (>24 hours to 1 week)\rPrimary graft dysfunction\r | 324 | ||
| Primary graft dysfunction | 324 | ||
| Pleural complications | 325 | ||
| Intermediate (8 days to 2 months) and primary late (2–4 months) complications | 325 | ||
| Acute rejection | 325 | ||
| Anastomotic complications | 325 | ||
| Pulmonary infections | 327 | ||
| Pulmonary thromboembolic events | 327 | ||
| Early complications (>24 hours to 1 week)\rPrimary graft dysfunction\r | 327 | ||
| Chronic rejection | 327 | ||
| Upper-lobe fibrosis | 329 | ||
| Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia | 329 | ||
| Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder | 329 | ||
| PEARLS AND PITFALLS | 331 | ||
| WHAT THE REFERRING PHYSICIAN NEEDS TO KNOW | 331 | ||
| HEART TRANSPLANTATION | 331 | ||
| Current Indications | 331 | ||
| Imaging Techniques | 331 | ||
| Postoperative Imaging Findings | 332 | ||
| Acute and subacute complications | 332 | ||
| Acute allograft rejection | 332 | ||
| Infection | 332 | ||
| Cerebral ischemia/infarcts and gastrointestinal complications | 334 | ||
| Chronic complications | 334 | ||
| Cardiac allograft vasculopathy | 334 | ||
| Neoplasm | 334 | ||
| Renal dysfunction | 335 | ||
| PEARLS AND PITFALLS | 335 | ||
| WHAT THE REFERRING PHYSICIAN NEEDS TO KNOW | 336 | ||
| REFERENCES | 336 | ||
| Imaging in Lung Transplantation | 339 | ||
| Key points | 339 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 339 | ||
| DONOR EVALUATION | 339 | ||
| Donor Management | 340 | ||
| Pulmonary Complications Following Brain Death | 340 | ||
| Pulmonary Complications Associated with Trauma | 341 | ||
| Other Donor Considerations | 341 | ||
| RECIPIENT EVALUATION | 342 | ||
| Diaphragm | 342 | ||
| Interstitial Lung Disease | 342 | ||
| Nodules | 343 | ||
| Pleural Space | 344 | ||
| Cystic Fibrosis and Bronchiectasis | 346 | ||
| Pulmonary Hypertension | 346 | ||
| Anatomic Anomalies | 347 | ||
| SIZE MATCHING | 348 | ||
| Bedside Morphometrics | 349 | ||
| Predicted Total Lung Capacity | 349 | ||
| Imaging-Based Size Matching | 350 | ||
| SUMMARY | 350 | ||
| REFERENCES | 351 | ||
| Imaging the Complications of Lung Transplantation | 355 | ||
| Key points | 355 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 355 | ||
| IMAGING MODALITIES AND TECHNIQUES | 355 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 355 | ||
| RELEVANT ANATOMY | 356 | ||
| Airways | 356 | ||
| Airspaces | 356 | ||
| Interstitium | 357 | ||
| IMAGING FINDINGS OF POSTTRANSPLANT COMPLICATIONS | 357 | ||
| VASCULAR AND ANASTOMOTIC COMPLICATIONS | 357 | ||
| Early Posttransplant Period (First Week) | 357 | ||
| Pulmonary vein thrombosis | 357 | ||
| Pulmonary thromboembolism | 357 | ||
| Early complications (>24 hours to 1 week)\rPrimary graft dysfunction\r | 357 | ||
| Bronchial dehiscence | 357 | ||
| Pulmonary artery stenosis | 358 | ||
| Early complications (>24 hours to 1 week)\rPrimary graft dysfunction\r | 358 | ||
| Bronchial strictures | 359 | ||
| Bronchomalacia | 359 | ||
| PLEURAL COMPLICATIONS | 359 | ||
| Early Posttransplant Period (First Week) | 359 | ||
| Pleural effusions | 359 | ||
| Pneumothorax | 359 | ||
| Hemothorax | 361 | ||
| Intermediate Posttransplant Period (>1 Week,\r<2 Months)\r | 361 | ||
| Chylothorax | 361 | ||
| Empyema | 361 | ||
| Late Posttransplant Period (>2 Months)\r | 362 | ||
| Pleural scarring and rounded atelectasis | 362 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS MANIFESTING WITH AIRSPACE DISEASE | 362 | ||
| Early Posttransplant Period (First Week) | 362 | ||
| Hyperacute rejection | 362 | ||
| Graft size mismatch | 362 | ||
| Primary graft dysfunction | 362 | ||
| Lobar torsion | 363 | ||
| Intermediate Posttransplant Period (>1 Week,\r<2 Months)\r | 363 | ||
| Acute rejection | 363 | ||
| Current Indications, Techniques, and Imaging Findings of Stem Cell Treatment and Bone Marrow Transplant | 375 | ||
| Key points | 375 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 375 | ||
| Stem Cell Biology and Differentiation | 376 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF STEM CELLS | 376 | ||
| Understanding the Genetic and Molecular Controls of Cell Division and Differentiation | 376 | ||
| Drug Testing | 377 | ||
| Cell-based Therapy | 377 | ||
| Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases | 377 | ||
| Multiple sclerosis | 377 | ||
| Systemic sclerosis | 377 | ||
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 377 | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 377 | ||
| Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for anemia | 378 | ||
| Aplastic anemia | 378 | ||
| Thalassemia and sickle cell anemia | 378 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION PROCEDURE | 378 | ||
| IMAGING OF STEM CELL TRANSPLANT COMPLICATIONS | 379 | ||
| Pulmonary Diseases in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation | 379 | ||
| Preengraftment phase | 380 | ||
| Lung infections | 380 | ||
| Pulmonary edema | 380 | ||
| Engraftment syndrome | 380 | ||
| Treatment-related toxicity | 383 | ||
| Early posttransplant phase (days 31–100) | 383 | ||
| Fungal pneumonia | 383 | ||
| Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia | 383 | ||
| Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome | 384 | ||
| Late posttransplant period (>100 days)\r | 384 | ||
| Bronchiolitis obliterans | 384 | ||
| Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia | 384 | ||
| Hepatic Diseases in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation | 385 | ||
| Acute graft-versus-host disease of the liver | 386 | ||
| Hepatic infections | 386 | ||
| Liver abscess | 386 | ||
| Hepatic venoocclusive disease | 386 | ||
| Bowel Diseases in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation | 387 | ||
| Gastrointestinal tract graft-versus-host disease | 387 | ||
| Genitourinary Diseases in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation | 389 | ||
| Acute renal injury | 389 | ||
| Renal infections | 389 | ||
| Hemorrhagic cystitis | 389 | ||
| Central Nervous System Diseases | 391 | ||
| Central nervous system infections | 391 | ||
| Other noninfectious central nervous system conditions | 392 | ||
| Post–Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Neoplasia | 392 | ||
| Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease | 393 | ||
| SUMMARY | 393 | ||
| REFERENCES | 393 | ||
| Index | 397 |