BOOK
The Pediatric Cerebellum, An Issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, E-Book
Thierry A. G. M. Huisman | Andrea Poretti
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America focuses on The Pediatric Cerebellum, and is edited by Drs. Huisman and Andrea Poretti. Articles will include: The role of the pediatric cerebellum in motor functions, neurocognition and behavior: a clinical perspective; Normal development of the cerebellum: from the fetus to the adolescent; Cerebellar malformations; Cerebellar disruptions; Metabolic disorders with cerebellar involvement; Neurocutaenous syndromes with cerebellar involvement; Vascular disorders of the cerebellum; Tumors of the cerebellum; Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the cerebellum; Cerebro-cerebellar network, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| The Pediatric\rCerebellum | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| CME Accreditation Page | iii | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | iii | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | iii | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | iii | ||
| ACCREDITATION | iii | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | iii | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | iii | ||
| TO ENROLL | iii | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | iii | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | iii | ||
| NEUROIMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA | iv | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | iv | ||
| November 2016 | iv | ||
| February 2017 | iv | ||
| May 2017 | iv | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | iv | ||
| May 2016 | iv | ||
| February 2016 | iv | ||
| November 2015 | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | v | ||
| EDITORS | v | ||
| AUTHORS | v | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword: The Pediatric Cerebellum | vii | ||
| Preface: The Pediatric Cerebellum | vii | ||
| The Role of the Pediatric Cerebellum in Motor Functions, Cognition, and Behavior: A Clinical Perspective | vii | ||
| Normal Cerebellar Development by Qualitative and Quantitative MR Imaging: From the Fetus to the Adolescent | vii | ||
| Cerebellar and Brainstem Malformations | vii | ||
| Prenatal Cerebellar Disruptions: Neuroimaging Spectrum of Findings in Correlation with Likely Mechanisms and Etiologies of ... | vii | ||
| The Pediatric Cerebellum in Inherited Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Pattern-recognition Approach | viii | ||
| Pediatric Neurocutaneous Syndromes with Cerebellar Involvement | viii | ||
| Vascular Disorders of the Cerebellum in Children | viii | ||
| Pediatric Cerebellar Tumors: Emerging Imaging Techniques and Advances in Understanding of Genetic Features | viii | ||
| Neuroimaging of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases of the Pediatric Cerebellum and Brainstem | ix | ||
| Foreword:\rThe Pediatric Cerebellum | xi | ||
| Preface:\rThe Pediatric Cerebellum | xiii | ||
| REFERENCES | xiv | ||
| The Role of the Pediatric Cerebellum in Motor Functions, Cognition, and Behavior | 317 | ||
| Key points | 317 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 317 | ||
| LIMBS MOTOR CONTROL | 318 | ||
| OCULAR MOTOR CONTROL | 318 | ||
| SPEECH CONTROL | 319 | ||
| A ROLE BEYOND MOTOR SYSTEMS | 321 | ||
| LANGUAGE | 321 | ||
| COGNITION | 322 | ||
| BEHAVIOR | 322 | ||
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | 322 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 323 | ||
| Autism Spectrum Disorders | 323 | ||
| Other Disorders | 324 | ||
| SUMMARY | 324 | ||
| REFERENCES | 324 | ||
| Normal Cerebellar Development by Qualitative and Quantitative MR Imaging | 331 | ||
| Key points | 331 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 331 | ||
| EMBRYOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CEREBELLUM | 332 | ||
| IN VIVO STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CEREBELLUM BY CONVENTIONAL MR IMAGING | 332 | ||
| IN VIVO CEREBELLAR VOLUMETRIC AND SHAPE DEVELOPMENT OBSERVED BY QUANTITATIVE MR IMAGING | 333 | ||
| CEREBELLAR MICROSTRUCTURE ORGANIZATION OBSERVED BY DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING | 334 | ||
| CEREBELLAR MYELINATION DESCRIBED BY CONVENTIONAL AND QUANTITATIVE MR IMAGING | 335 | ||
| CEREBELLAR FUNCTIONAL NETWORK ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OBSERVED BY FUNCTIONAL MR IMAGING | 336 | ||
| CEREBELLAR METABOLITE PROFILES DESCRIBED BY PROTON SPECTROSCOPY | 337 | ||
| SUMMARY | 338 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 338 | ||
| REFERENCES | 338 | ||
| Cerebellar and Brainstem Malformations | 341 | ||
| Key points | 341 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 341 | ||
| NORMAL ANATOMY OF THE POSTERIOR FOSSA | 342 | ||
| PREDOMINANTLY CEREBELLAR MALFORMATIONS | 343 | ||
| Dandy-Walker Malformation | 343 | ||
| Rhombencephalosynapsis | 345 | ||
| Cerebellar Dysplasia and Cerebellar Cysts | 345 | ||
| CEREBELLAR AND BRAINSTEM MALFORMATIONS | 347 | ||
| Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia | 347 | ||
| Congenital Muscular Dystrophies Caused by Defective Alpha-dystroglycan Glycosylation | 350 | ||
| Tubulinopathies | 350 | ||
| Joubert Syndrome | 351 | ||
| PREDOMINANT BRAINSTEM MALFORMATIONS | 352 | ||
| Pontine Tegmental Cap Dysplasia | 352 | ||
| Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis | 353 | ||
| Brainstem disconnection | 355 | ||
| Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia | 355 | ||
| SUMMARY | 355 | ||
| REFERENCES | 355 | ||
| Prenatal Cerebellar Disruptions | 359 | ||
| Key points | 359 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 359 | ||
| CEREBELLAR AGENESIS | 361 | ||
| GLOBAL CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA | 363 | ||
| UNILATERAL CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA | 364 | ||
| CEREBELLAR CLEFT | 368 | ||
| VANISHING CEREBELLUM IN CHIARI II MALFORMATION | 369 | ||
| SUMMARY | 369 | ||
| REFERENCES | 370 | ||
| The Pediatric Cerebellum in Inherited Neurodegenerative Disorders | 373 | ||
| Key points | 373 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 373 | ||
| NEUROIMAGING PATTERN COMPONENTS IN THE CEREBELLUM | 374 | ||
| BIOMETRY | 374 | ||
| DIFFERENTIATING INHERITED AND ACQUIRED DISORDERS WITH CEREBELLAR INVOLVEMENT | 375 | ||
| CEREBELLOVERMIAN VOLUME LOSS: HYPOPLASIA VERSUS ATROPHY | 375 | ||
| CEREBELLAR ATROPHY, GENERAL | 378 | ||
| ISOLATED CEREBELLAR ATROPHY | 379 | ||
| GRADIENTS OF VOLUME LOSS ADD FURTHER SPECIFICITY | 380 | ||
| AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPASTIC ATAXIA OF CHARLEVOIX-SAGUENAY; A DISORDER WITH SIGNIFICANT ANTERIOR VERMIAN ATROPHY | 382 | ||
| ABNORMALITIES OF CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE AND BRAINSTEM VOLUME | 383 | ||
| FOCAL ABNORMALITIES OF BRAINSTEM BIOMETRY | 384 | ||
| CONGENITAL DISORDER OF GLYCOSYLATION CDG1A (PMM2): THE PROTOTYPE FOR DISORDERS WITH PONTINE (AND CEREBELLAR) ATROPHY | 385 | ||
| ATROPHY OF THE SPINAL CORD, GENERAL | 387 | ||
| FRIEDREICH ATAXIA IS THE PROTOTYPE FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS WITH PREDOMINANT SPINAL CORD ATROPHY | 387 | ||
| ADDITIONAL IMAGING FEATURES: FOCI OF MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY IN ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA (AND OTHERS) | 389 | ||
| ADDITIONAL IMAGING FINDINGS: CYSTS | 390 | ||
| ADDITIONAL IMAGING FINDINGS: CEREBELLAR ATROPHY WITH INCREASED CEREBELLAR CORTEX SIGNAL ON FLUID-ATTENUATED INVERSION RECOVERY | 391 | ||
| DENTATE NUCLEI | 395 | ||
| DENTATE NUCLEI AND CEREBELLAR WHITE MATTER | 396 | ||
| CEREBELLAR WHITE MATTER, INCLUDING THE BRIGHT MIDDLE CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE SIGN | 398 | ||
| CEREBELLAR WHITE MATTER IN SELECTED MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS | 401 | ||
| ADDITIONAL IMAGING FEATURES: DIFFUSION RESTRICTION | 403 | ||
| ADDITIONAL IMAGING FEATURES: ENHANCEMENT FOLLOWING CONTRAST ADMINISTRATION | 405 | ||
| MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY | 407 | ||
| REFERENCES | 411 | ||
| Pediatric Neurocutaneous Syndromes with Cerebellar Involvement | 417 | ||
| Key points | 417 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 417 | ||
| NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 | 417 | ||
| TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX | 419 | ||
| STURGE-WEBER SYNDROME | 420 | ||
| PHACE SYNDROME | 421 | ||
| VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE | 421 | ||
| NEUROCUTANEOUS MELANOSIS | 424 | ||
| GÓMEZ-LÓPEZ-HERNÁNDEZ SYNDROME | 424 | ||
| ENCEPHALOCRANIOCUTANEOUS LIPOMATOSIS | 424 | ||
| OCULOCEREBROCUTANEOUS SYNDROME | 427 | ||
| EPIDERMAL NEVUS SYNDROME | 427 | ||
| PTEN HAMARTOMA TUMOR SYNDROME | 427 | ||
| BASAL CELL NEVUS SYNDROME | 428 | ||
| COCKAYNE SYNDROME | 429 | ||
| TRICHOTHIODYSTROPHY | 431 | ||
| COSTELLO SYNDROME | 431 | ||
| SUMMARY | 432 | ||
| REFERENCES | 432 | ||
| Vascular Disorders of the Cerebellum in Children | 435 | ||
| Key points | 435 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 435 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF THE CEREBELLAR AND BRAINSTEM ARTERIAL SUPPLY | 436 | ||
| Anatomic Variations | 437 | ||
| Persistent Caroticovertebral Connections | 437 | ||
| VENOUS DEVELOPMENT AND DRAINAGE OF THE CEREBELLUM AND BRAINSTEM | 437 | ||
| Superficial Veins of the Cerebellum | 437 | ||
| Deep Veins of the Cerebellum | 442 | ||
| Veins of the Brainstem | 442 | ||
| Bridging Veins | 442 | ||
| VASCULAR LESIONS OF THE CEREBELLUM AND BRAINSTEM | 442 | ||
| Cavernous Malformations | 442 | ||
| Imaging findings | 444 | ||
| Computed tomography | 444 | ||
| MR imaging | 444 | ||
| Developmental Venous Anomalies | 445 | ||
| Imaging findings | 447 | ||
| Computed tomography | 448 | ||
| MR Imaging | 448 | ||
| Catheter angiography | 448 | ||
| Posterior Fossa Capillary Telangiectasias | 448 | ||
| Imaging findings | 449 | ||
| Computed tomography | 449 | ||
| MR Imaging | 449 | ||
| Posterior Fossa Arteriovenous Malformations and Arteriovenous Fistulae | 451 | ||
| Imaging features | 451 | ||
| Computed tomography, MR imaging, and catheter angiography | 451 | ||
| Considerations and associations | 454 | ||
| Multifocal niduses | 454 | ||
| Posterior Fossa Aneurysms in Children | 454 | ||
| Aneurysm location | 455 | ||
| Imaging characteristics | 456 | ||
| Computed tomography, MR imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, and catheter angiography | 456 | ||
| SUMMARY | 457 | ||
| REFERENCES | 457 | ||
| Pediatric Cerebellar Tumors | 459 | ||
| Key points | 459 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 459 | ||
| TUMOR TYPES | 459 | ||
| PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTOMA | 460 | ||
| MEDULLOBLASTOMA | 461 | ||
| EPENDYMOMA | 462 | ||
| ATYPICAL TERATOID RHABDOID TUMOR | 464 | ||
| OTHER ENTITIES | 464 | ||
| Ganglioglioma | 464 | ||
| Infiltrating Glioma | 464 | ||
| Radiation-Induced Glioma | 464 | ||
| Metastatic Disease | 465 | ||
| Syndromic-Associated Tumors | 465 | ||
| Tumor Mimicking Conditions | 465 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 465 | ||
| Intraoperative MR Imaging | 466 | ||
| TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS | 466 | ||
| Radiation | 466 | ||
| Posterior Fossa Syndrome | 467 | ||
| SUMMARY | 467 | ||
| REFERENCES | 467 | ||
| Neuroimaging of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases of the Pediatric Cerebellum and Brainstem | 471 | ||
| Key points | 471 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 471 | ||
| NEUROIMAGING: GENERAL PRINCIPLES | 472 | ||
| ACUTE CEREBELLITIS | 473 | ||
| ACUTE POSTINFECTIOUS CEREBELLAR ATAXIA | 475 | ||
| ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS | 475 | ||
| MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS | 475 | ||
| ACUTE NECROTIZING ENCEPHALOPATHY | 476 | ||
| OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME | 478 | ||
| PYOGENIC ABSCESS | 479 | ||
| TUBERCULOSIS | 479 | ||
| FUNGAL INFECTIONS | 479 | ||
| CYSTICERCOSIS | 482 | ||
| CONGENITAL INFECTIONS | 483 | ||
| RHOMBENCEPHALITIS (BRAINSTEM ENCEPHALITIS) | 483 | ||
| SUMMARY | 486 | ||
| REFERENCES | 486 | ||
| Index | 489 |