BOOK
Advances and Challenges in Critical Care, An Issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine, E-Book
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Drs. Honiden and Siner have put together a comprehensive issue on Critical Care as it relates to Chest Medicine. Articles include:Recent advances in management of Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Simulation training for critical care, Telemedicine (E-ICU issues), Adverse event reporting/quality improvement in the ICU, ICU Mobility, Hospital-acquired infections/resistant organisms/emerging pathogens, Circadian rhythm disturbance and sleep in the ICU environment, Advances in Sepsis Research, Controversies in ICU nutrition, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Advances and Challenges\rin Critical Care | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: Advances and Challenges in Critical Care Medicine | vii | ||
| New Technologies and Interventions | vii | ||
| Novel Uses of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults | vii | ||
| Novel Uses of Targeted Temperature Management | vii | ||
| ICU Telemedicine Solutions | vii | ||
| Supportive Care | vii | ||
| Controversies and Misconceptions in Intensive Care Unit Nutrition | vii | ||
| Sleep Loss and Circadian Rhythm Disruption in the Intensive Care Unit | viii | ||
| Barriers and Challenges to the Successful Implementation of an Intensive Care Unit Mobility Program: Understanding Systems ... | viii | ||
| Integration of Palliative Care Services in the Intensive Care Unit: A Roadmap for Overcoming Barriers | viii | ||
| Education and Quality Improvement | ix | ||
| Clinical Reasoning and Risk in the Intensive Care Unit | ix | ||
| Adverse Event Reporting and Quality Improvement in the Intensive Care Unit | ix | ||
| Five Questions Critical Care Educators Should Ask About Simulation-Based Medical Education | ix | ||
| Disease Specific Management | ix | ||
| Recent Advances in the Management of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome | ix | ||
| Critically Ill Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease | x | ||
| Management of Right Heart Failure in the Intensive Care Unit | x | ||
| Advances in Sepsis Research | x | ||
| Management of Infections with Drug-Resistant Organisms in Critical Care: An Ongoing Battle | x | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | xi | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | xi | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | xi | ||
| ACCREDITATION | xi | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | xi | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | xi | ||
| TO ENROLL | xii | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | xii | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | xii | ||
| CLINICS IN CHEST MEDICINE | xiii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xiii | ||
| December 2015 | xiii | ||
| March 2016 | xiii | ||
| June 2016 | xiii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xiii | ||
| June 2015 | xiii | ||
| March 2015 | xiii | ||
| December 2014 | xiii | ||
| Preface: Advances and Challenges in Critical Care Medicine | xv | ||
| Novel Uses of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults | 373 | ||
| Key points | 373 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 373 | ||
| CONFIGURATIONS OF EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION | 373 | ||
| EMERGING INDICATIONS FOR EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION IN RESPIRATORY FAILURE | 375 | ||
| EMERGING INDICATIONS FOR EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION IN CARDIAC FAILURE | 379 | ||
| INTERHOSPITAL TRANSPORT ON EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION | 380 | ||
| EARLY MOBILIZATION ON EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION | 380 | ||
| EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION AS DESTINATION THERAPY | 380 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 381 | ||
| ECONOMIC IMPACT OF EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION | 381 | ||
| ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION | 381 | ||
| SUMMARY | 381 | ||
| REFERENCES | 381 | ||
| Novel Uses of Targeted Temperature Management | 385 | ||
| Key points | 385 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 385 | ||
| Historical Context and Current Practice | 385 | ||
| Purpose of the Review | 386 | ||
| Targeted Temperature Management Mechanisms of Cellular Protection | 386 | ||
| QUESTION 1: WHICH INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS WITH NEUROLOGIC INJURY SHOULD I COOL? | 387 | ||
| Nonshockable and In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest | 387 | ||
| Hepatic Encephalopathy | 387 | ||
| Acute Ischemic Stroke | 387 | ||
| Intracerebral Hemorrhage | 389 | ||
| Traumatic Brain Injury | 389 | ||
| QUESTION 2: WHICH INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS WITH NONNEUROLOGIC INJURY SHOULD I COOL? | 389 | ||
| Acute Myocardial Infarction | 389 | ||
| Sepsis | 389 | ||
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome | 390 | ||
| Meningitis | 390 | ||
| Contrast-Induced Nephropathy | 390 | ||
| Traumatic Cardiac Arrest | 390 | ||
| QUESTION 3: HOW SHOULD I COOL CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS? | 390 | ||
| Surface Versus Endovascular | 390 | ||
| Intranasal Induction | 390 | ||
| Use of Adjunctive Agents: Inhaled Xenon | 395 | ||
| QUESTION 4: WHAT ARE THE PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR TARGETED TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT USE? | 395 | ||
| Timing of Targeted Temperature Management | 395 | ||
| Time to Goal Temperature | 395 | ||
| Depth of Cooling | 395 | ||
| Duration and Rewarming | 395 | ||
| QUESTION 5: IS TARGETED TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT SAFE? HOW SHOULD I MONITOR TARGETED TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT PATIENTS? | 397 | ||
| Infection | 397 | ||
| Bleeding | 397 | ||
| Electroencephalogram Monitoring | 397 | ||
| Electrolyte Monitoring | 397 | ||
| Prognostication | 397 | ||
| SUMMARY | 398 | ||
| REFERENCES | 398 | ||
| ICU Telemedicine Solutions | 401 | ||
| Key points | 401 | ||
| INTENSIVE CARE UNIT TELEMEDICINE SOLUTIONS | 401 | ||
| PATIENT SAFETY | 402 | ||
| INCREASED ACCESS TO EXPERTISE: A LEVERAGED WORKFORCE SOLUTION | 403 | ||
| IMPROVING EFFECTIVENESS: POPULATION MANAGEMENT, STANDARDIZATION, AND REPORTING | 404 | ||
| INTENSIVE CARE UNIT TELEMEDICINE STAFFING | 404 | ||
| INTERMITTENT INTENSIVE CARE UNIT TELEMEDICINE | 404 | ||
| FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS | 405 | ||
| SUMMARY | 405 | ||
| REFERENCES | 406 | ||
| Controversies and Misconceptions in Intensive Care Unit Nutrition | 409 | ||
| Key points | 409 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 409 | ||
| ANSWERS TO COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT NUTRITION | 409 | ||
| Starvation During Hospitalization Negatively Impacts Clinical Outcomes | 409 | ||
| Enteral Nutrition Is Almost Never Contraindicated in Critically Ill Patients | 410 | ||
| Parenteral Nutrition Is Not Superior or Equivalent to Enteral Nutrition | 410 | ||
| Mandatory Use of Gastric Residual Volumes to Assess Tolerance of Enteral Nutrition Is Unnecessary | 411 | ||
| OTHER CONTROVERSIES IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT NUTRITION | 412 | ||
| The Optimal Dose: Trophic Versus Full Feeds | 412 | ||
| Continuous Versus Intermittent/Bolus | 412 | ||
| Use of Omega-3 Fatty Acids | 415 | ||
| SUMMARY | 415 | ||
| REFERENCES | 415 | ||
| Sleep Loss and Circadian Rhythm Disruption in the Intensive Care Unit | 419 | ||
| Key points | 419 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 419 | ||
| CONSEQUENCES OF INTENSIVE CARE UNIT SLEEP DISRUPTION | 421 | ||
| SOURCES OF INTENSIVE CARE UNIT SLEEP DISRUPTION | 421 | ||
| Chronic Sleep Disorder | 421 | ||
| Acute Illness–Related Factors | 421 | ||
| Environment Factors | 423 | ||
| Medical Interventions | 423 | ||
| MANAGEMENT GOALS | 424 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES | 424 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES | 425 | ||
| SELF-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 425 | ||
| SUMMARY/DISCUSSION | 425 | ||
| REFERENCES | 425 | ||
| Barriers and Challenges to the Successful Implementation of an Intensive Care Unit Mobility Program | 431 | ||
| Key points | 431 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 431 | ||
| THE CHALLENGE OF EARLY INTENSIVE CARE UNIT MOBILIZATION AS A CHANGE INITIATIVE | 432 | ||
| START BY LETTING GO OF THE IDEA OF CHANGING CULTURE | 433 | ||
| Planning for Change at a Systems/Organizational Level: Tackling the Environment by Recognizing Muda (Waste), Muri (Overburd ... | 433 | ||
| Applying the Toyota Model to an Intensive Care Unit Mobility Project: First Take Inventory of the Current State | 433 | ||
| Understanding How Institutions Change: Organizational Sociology | 435 | ||
| PLANNING FOR CHANGE AT A LEADERSHIP LEVEL | 436 | ||
| UNDERSTANDING THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CHANGE AND MOTIVATION AT AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL | 437 | ||
| BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER: A STEP-BY-STEP PRESCRIPTION FOR ENACTING CHANGE IN THE HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT | 439 | ||
| SUMMARY | 439 | ||
| REFERENCES | 440 | ||
| Integration of Palliative Care Services in the Intensive Care Unit | 441 | ||
| Key points | 441 | ||
| THE IMPORTANCE OF PALLIATIVE CARE | 441 | ||
| BENEFITS OF PALLIATIVE CARE IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT | 442 | ||
| BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION OF PALLIATIVE CARE | 442 | ||
| SCREENING TOOLS AND BUNDLING | 443 | ||
| SPECIFIC STEPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND INTEGRATION OF A PALLIATIVE CARE PROGRAM INTO THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT | 444 | ||
| Goal 1: Garnering Local Support from Thought Leaders | 444 | ||
| Goal 2: Recruitment of a Palliative Care Team and Definition of Roles | 445 | ||
| Goals 3 and 4: Initiation of Palliative Care into the Intensive Care Unit and Full Integration into Daily Workflow | 446 | ||
| SUMMARY | 446 | ||
| REFERENCES | 446 | ||
| Clinical Reasoning and Risk in the Intensive Care Unit | 449 | ||
| Key points | 449 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 449 | ||
| ANALYSIS, INTUITION, AND METHOD | 450 | ||
| EXPERTS AND NOVICES: NOT ALL REASONING IS DONE THE SAME WAY | 450 | ||
| A METHOD OF CLINICAL REASONING: THE MODIFIED BAYESIAN APPROACH FOR THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT | 451 | ||
| INTERVENTION IN THE CRITICALLY ILL: RISK VERSUS BENEFIT | 455 | ||
| PERCEPTION VERSUS REALITY OR PERCEPTION AS REALITY? | 456 | ||
| SUMMARY | 458 | ||
| REFERENCES | 458 | ||
| Adverse Event Reporting and Quality Improvement in the Intensive Care Unit | 461 | ||
| Key points | 461 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 461 | ||
| DEFINITIONS OF ADVERSE EVENT AND ERRORS | 461 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 462 | ||
| HISTORICAL BACKGROUND | 462 | ||
| EVENT DETECTION | 462 | ||
| APPROACHES TO QUALITY EVALUATION | 463 | ||
| ADVERSE EVENT AND ERROR REPORTING | 464 | ||
| SAFETY CULTURE | 465 | ||
| REFERENCES | 465 | ||
| Five Questions Critical Care Educators Should Ask About Simulation-Based Medical Education | 469 | ||
| Key points | 469 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 469 | ||
| WHAT IS SIMULATION-BASED MEDICAL EDUCATION? | 470 | ||
| WHY SHOULD SIMULATION-BASED MEDICAL EDUCATION BE USED? | 470 | ||
| WHAT CAN BE TAUGHT AND ASSESSED WITH SIMULATION-BASED MEDICAL EDUCATION? | 471 | ||
| HOW SHOULD SIMULATION-BASED MEDICAL EDUCATION BE USED? | 473 | ||
| WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES RELATED TO SIMULATION-BASED MEDICAL EDUCATION? | 474 | ||
| SUMMARY | 475 | ||
| REFERENCES | 475 | ||
| Recent Advances in the Management of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome | 481 | ||
| Key points | 481 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 481 | ||
| DEFINITIONS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY | 481 | ||
| Incidence and Outcomes | 482 | ||
| VENTILATOR STRATEGIES | 483 | ||
| Tidal Volume Reduction | 483 | ||
| Positive End-Expiratory Pressure | 484 | ||
| ALTERNATE MODES OF VENTILATION | 486 | ||
| High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation | 486 | ||
| Airway Pressure Release Ventilation | 487 | ||
| NONVENTILATOR THERAPIES OF BENEFIT | 488 | ||
| Paralytics | 488 | ||
| Prone Positioning | 488 | ||
| Fluid Balance | 489 | ||
| NONVENTILATOR THERAPIES OF UNCERTAIN BENEFIT | 489 | ||
| Steroids | 489 | ||
| Inhaled Nitric Oxide | 490 | ||
| Statins | 490 | ||
| Extracorporeal Life Support | 490 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 490 | ||
| Prevention | 491 | ||
| Early Identification | 491 | ||
| SUMMARY | 491 | ||
| REFERENCES | 491 | ||
| Critically Ill Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease | 497 | ||
| Key points | 497 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 497 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 497 | ||
| UNDERLYING PHYSIOLOGY | 498 | ||
| RESPIRATORY FAILURE | 498 | ||
| Outcomes | 498 | ||
| VENTILATORY STRATEGIES | 498 | ||
| Noninvasive Ventilation | 498 | ||
| High-Flow Nasal Cannula | 500 | ||
| Invasive Mechanical Ventilation | 501 | ||
| WORSENING OF ESTABLISHED DIAGNOSIS | 502 | ||
| Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | 502 | ||
| Acute Exacerbation of Non–Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Interstitial Lung Disease | 504 | ||
| PERIOPERATIVE | 504 | ||
| Nonpulmonary Procedures | 504 | ||
| Pulmonary Surgery | 505 | ||
| Lung cancer | 505 | ||
| Open lung biopsy for diagnosis of interstitial lung disease | 505 | ||
| NEW DIAGNOSIS OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT | 505 | ||
| PULMONARY HYPERTENSION | 506 | ||
| EXTRACORPOREAL LIFE SUPPORT | 507 | ||
| LUNG TRANSPLANT | 507 | ||
| SUMMARY | 507 | ||
| REFERENCES | 507 | ||
| Management of Right Heart Failure in the Intensive Care Unit | 511 | ||
| Key points | 511 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 511 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC CLUES | 511 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF RIGHT HEART FAILURE | 512 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 513 | ||
| Intravascular Volume Management | 513 | ||
| Vasoactive Support | 513 | ||
| The sympathomimetic vasopressors | 514 | ||
| Vasopressin | 514 | ||
| Dopamine | 514 | ||
| Epinephrine | 514 | ||
| Inotropic therapy | 514 | ||
| Pulmonary Vasodilators | 515 | ||
| Inhaled nitric oxide | 515 | ||
| Prostanoid analogue therapy | 515 | ||
| Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors | 515 | ||
| SUMMARY OF VASOACTIVE SUPPORT | 516 | ||
| Adjunctive Support | 516 | ||
| Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm | 516 | ||
| Ventilator Strategies | 516 | ||
| Rescue Interventions | 516 | ||
| Atrial septostomy | 516 | ||
| Potts shunt | 517 | ||
| SUMMARY | 517 | ||
| REFERENCES | 517 | ||
| Advances in Sepsis Research | 521 | ||
| Key points | 521 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 521 | ||
| PATHOGENS AND PATHOGEN TOXINS | 521 | ||
| Pathogen Toxins Induce an Inflammatory Response | 522 | ||
| Sequestration as the Initial Step in Limiting the Adverse Effects of Pathogen Toxins | 522 | ||
| Subsequent Clearance of Pathogen Toxins from the Circulating Lipoprotein Compartment | 522 | ||
| How This Knowledge May Lead to Innovative Therapeutic Strategies | 522 | ||
| INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALING INDUCED BY PATHOGEN TOXINS | 523 | ||
| Innate Immune Receptors | 523 | ||
| Toll-like receptors | 523 | ||
| NOD-like receptors | 523 | ||
| Retinoic acid-inducible gene-like receptors | 523 | ||
| Nuclear factor-κB and alternative signaling pathways | 525 | ||
| An Example of Septic Organ Dysfunction: Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Responses in the Heart | 525 | ||
| How This Knowledge May Lead to Innovative Therapeutic Strategies | 525 | ||
| VASCULAR LEAK | 525 | ||
| Fluid Homeostasis in Sepsis | 525 | ||
| Vascular Leak and the Vasopressin Axis in Sepsis | 526 | ||
| Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Endothelial Permeability | 527 | ||
| How This Knowledge May Lead to Innovative Therapeutic Strategies | 527 | ||
| Why Have Most Sepsis Trials Failed? | 527 | ||
| SUMMARY | 528 | ||
| REFERENCES | 528 | ||
| Management of Infections with Drug-Resistant Organisms in Critical Care | 531 | ||
| Key points | 531 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 531 | ||
| TREATMENT | 531 | ||
| Gram-negative Infections | 532 | ||
| Gram-positive Infections | 535 | ||
| Fungal Infections | 536 | ||
| DIAGNOSTICS | 538 | ||
| SUMMARY | 538 | ||
| REFERENCES | 538 | ||
| Index | 543 |