BOOK
Current Controversies in Thoracic Surgery, An Issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics of North America, guest edited by Dr. Michael Lanuti, is devoted to Current Controversies in Thoracic Surgery. Dr. Lanuti has assembled expert authors to review the following topics: Management of Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Management of Oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Current Treatment of Mesothelioma (Extrapleural Pneumonectomy or Pleurectomy); Stents as Primary Therapy for Esophageal Perforation; Lymph Node Dissection and Pulmonary Metastectomy; Mediastinal Staging: Endobronchial Ultrasound or Mediastinoscopy; Induction Therapy for Esophageal Cancer; Appropriate Surgical Treatment of Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Benefit of Plication for Paralyzed Diaphragm; Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis; Induction Therapy for Thymoma, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Current Controversies in\rThoracic Surgery | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface: Managing Controversial Issues in Thoracic Surgery | v | ||
| Mediastinal Staging: Endosonographic Ultrasound Lymph Node Biopsy or Mediastinoscopy | v | ||
| Sublobar Resection: Ongoing Controversy for Treatment for Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer | v | ||
| Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer | v | ||
| Management of Stage IIIA (N2) Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer | v | ||
| Surgical Management of Oligometastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer | vi | ||
| The Role of Induction Therapy for Esophageal Cancer | vi | ||
| The Evolution and Current Utility of Esophageal Stent Placement for the Treatment of Acute Esophageal Perforation | vi | ||
| Lymph Node Dissection and Pulmonary Metastasectomy | vi | ||
| Induction Therapy for Thymoma | vii | ||
| Best Approach and Benefit of Plication for Paralyzed Diaphragm | vii | ||
| Video-Assisted Thoracic Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis | vii | ||
| Current Treatment of Mesothelioma: Extrapleural Pneumonectomy Versus Pleurectomy/Decortication | vii | ||
| THORACIC SURGERY CLINICS | viii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | viii | ||
| November 2016 | viii | ||
| February 2017 | viii | ||
| May 2017 | viii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | viii | ||
| May 2016 | viii | ||
| February 2016 | viii | ||
| November 2015 | viii | ||
| Preface:\rManaging Controversial Issues in Thoracic Surgery | ix | ||
| Mediastinal Staging | 243 | ||
| Key points | 243 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 243 | ||
| WHY DO WE STAGE IN NON–SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER? | 244 | ||
| IN WHOM DO WE INVASIVELY STAGE THE MEDIASTINUM IN NON–SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER? | 244 | ||
| WHO DOES NOT NEED INVASIVE MEDIASTINAL STAGING IN NON–SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER? | 244 | ||
| WHAT IS AN IDEAL GOLD STANDARD TEST IN STAGING LUNG CANCER? | 244 | ||
| ENDOSONOGRAPHIC ULTRASOUND (COMBINED ENDOBRONCHIAL ULTRASOUND–ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND), LYMPH NODE BIOPSY, OR MEDIASTINOSCOPY? | 244 | ||
| Lymph Node Access, Sensitivity, Accuracy, and Negative Predictive Value | 244 | ||
| Complication Rate | 246 | ||
| Cost | 247 | ||
| Restaging After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation | 247 | ||
| Aortopulmonary Window Lymph Nodes | 247 | ||
| SUMMARY | 247 | ||
| REFERENCES | 247 | ||
| Sublobar Resection | 251 | ||
| Key points | 251 | ||
| HISTORY | 251 | ||
| PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIALS | 252 | ||
| POPULATION-BASED ANALYSIS | 252 | ||
| RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS | 252 | ||
| FACTORS EFFECTING OUTCOME | 255 | ||
| Tumor Size | 255 | ||
| Surgical Margin | 255 | ||
| Segmentectomy | 255 | ||
| SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS | 256 | ||
| The Elderly Patient | 256 | ||
| Ground Glass Nodules | 257 | ||
| SUMMARY | 257 | ||
| REFERENCES | 257 | ||
| Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer | 261 | ||
| Key points | 261 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 261 | ||
| MEDICALLY INOPERABLE PATIENTS | 262 | ||
| Development of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Technique | 262 | ||
| Prospective Collaborative Trials | 262 | ||
| MEDICALLY OPERABLE PATIENTS | 263 | ||
| Retrospective Experience | 263 | ||
| Prospective Phase II Trials | 264 | ||
| Randomized Phase III Trials | 264 | ||
| Large Database Analyses | 264 | ||
| TOXICITY CONSIDERATIONS WITH STEREOTACTIC BODY RADIATION THERAPY | 265 | ||
| Skin and Chest Wall/Rib | 265 | ||
| Central Location | 265 | ||
| Pulmonary Toxicity | 266 | ||
| OPTIMAL STEREOTACTIC BODY RADIATION THERAPY DOSE | 266 | ||
| SUMMARY | 268 | ||
| REFERENCES | 268 | ||
| Management of Stage IIIA (N2) Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer | 271 | ||
| Key points | 271 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 271 | ||
| STAGING CONSIDERATIONS | 271 | ||
| Accurate Determination of IIIA (N2) Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer | 271 | ||
| Initial Staging | 272 | ||
| How Do Endobronchial Ultrasound and Mediastinoscopy Compare? | 272 | ||
| Occult N2 Disease | 272 | ||
| Is Restaging Necessary After Neoadjuvant Therapy? | 272 | ||
| Who Can Tolerate a Multimodality Treatment Regimen? | 273 | ||
| THE EVOLUTION OF MULTIMODALITY TREATMENT FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED LUNG CANCER | 273 | ||
| Radiation Dosage in the Neoadjuvant Setting | 274 | ||
| Phase II Trials of Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiation | 274 | ||
| Intergroup 0139–Definitive or Just Old News? | 274 | ||
| EVOLUTION OF TREATMENT IN THE MODERN ERA: INTERGROUP 0139 AFTERMATH | 275 | ||
| The Role of Surgery | 275 | ||
| Who Should be Considered for Surgery: Not All N2 Is Created Equally | 275 | ||
| Is Surgery Safe After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation to 60 Gy? | 275 | ||
| Outcomes of Surgery for Stage IIIA (N2) | 276 | ||
| Specific Surgical Considerations | 276 | ||
| Persistent N2 disease | 276 | ||
| Incidentally discovered N2 | 277 | ||
| Is a pneumonectomy really too dangerous to be considered after radiation therapy? | 277 | ||
| Unresolved Issues in Treating IIIA (N2) Disease: Chemotherapy | 277 | ||
| Adjuvant versus neoadjuvant prescription | 277 | ||
| Major studies evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy | 278 | ||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients who have received neoadjuvant therapy | 278 | ||
| Targeted therapy in IIIA (N2) regimens | 279 | ||
| UNRESOLVED ISSUES: RADIATION | 279 | ||
| Neoadjuvant Radiation Dose | 279 | ||
| More Is Not Always Better | 279 | ||
| Is Neoadjuvant Radiation the Right Paradigm to Follow? | 279 | ||
| Revisiting Postoperative Radiation Therapy | 280 | ||
| Evolving Radiation Therapy | 281 | ||
| THE FUTURE---MORE COMPLICATED, NOT LESS | 281 | ||
| Proton Beam Therapy | 281 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 281 | ||
| Targeted Therapy | 281 | ||
| SUMMARY | 281 | ||
| Evidence-based Treatment Regimens for Potentially Resectable IIIA (N2) Disease | 281 | ||
| What Can Be Said Definitively from the Literature? | 282 | ||
| Ongoing Challenges in Studying Stage IIIA (N2) Disease | 282 | ||
| Final Statement | 282 | ||
| REFERENCES | 282 | ||
| Surgical Management of Oligometastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer | 287 | ||
| Key points | 287 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 287 | ||
| DEFINITION OF OLIGOMETASTATIC DISEASE | 288 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT | 288 | ||
| ORGAN-SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS | 289 | ||
| Solitary Brain Metastasis | 289 | ||
| Solitary Adrenal Metastases | 290 | ||
| Other Organs | 291 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 291 | ||
| SUMMARY | 292 | ||
| REFERENCES | 293 | ||
| The Role of Induction Therapy for Esophageal Cancer | 295 | ||
| Key points | 295 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 295 | ||
| ROLE OF INDUCTION THERAPY | 296 | ||
| Induction Chemotherapy | 298 | ||
| Induction Chemoradiation | 299 | ||
| Induction Chemotherapy Versus Induction Chemoradiation | 300 | ||
| SELECTING THERAPY | 301 | ||
| SUMMARY | 301 | ||
| REFERENCES | 301 | ||
| The Evolution and Current Utility of Esophageal Stent Placement for the Treatment of Acute Esophageal Perforation | 305 | ||
| Key points | 305 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 305 | ||
| HISTORY | 305 | ||
| EARLY IMPLEMENTATION | 306 | ||
| CURRENT STATE | 308 | ||
| Exclusion Criteria | 308 | ||
| Stent Placement Technique | 308 | ||
| Outcomes | 312 | ||
| REFERENCES | 313 | ||
| Lymph Node Dissection and Pulmonary Metastasectomy | 315 | ||
| Key points | 315 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 315 | ||
| INTRATHORACIC LYMPH NODE INVOLVEMENT AND ISOLATED PULMONARY METASTASIS BY PRIMARY TUMOR HISTOLOGY | 316 | ||
| Colorectal Carcinoma | 316 | ||
| Renal Cell Carcinoma | 317 | ||
| Sarcoma | 318 | ||
| Germ Cell Tumors | 318 | ||
| Melanoma | 319 | ||
| Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 319 | ||
| Breast Carcinoma | 319 | ||
| Incidence and Prognostic Value of Nodal Status by Histology | 320 | ||
| DOES N1 VERSUS N2 LYMPH NODE DISEASE MATTER? | 320 | ||
| DOES MEDIASTINAL LYMPHADENECTOMY IMPROVE SURVIVAL? | 320 | ||
| WHICH PATIENTS SHOULD UNDERGO MEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODE DISSECTION? | 321 | ||
| REFERENCES | 321 | ||
| Induction Therapy for Thymoma | 325 | ||
| Key points | 325 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 325 | ||
| GENERAL APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED THYMIC TUMORS | 325 | ||
| INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY IN THYMOMA | 326 | ||
| INDUCTION CHEMORADIATION IN THYMOMA | 328 | ||
| INDUCTION RADIATION IN THYMOMA | 330 | ||
| SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS WITH STAGE IVA DISEASE | 330 | ||
| ROLE OF TARGETED THERAPIES | 330 | ||
| WHAT IS THE ACTUAL BENEFIT OF INDUCTION THERAPY? | 331 | ||
| REFERENCES | 331 | ||
| Best Approach and Benefit of Plication for Paralyzed Diaphragm | 333 | ||
| Key points | 333 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 333 | ||
| Diaphragmatic Eventration and Diaphragmatic Paralysis | 333 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 334 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 334 | ||
| Symptom Evaluation | 334 | ||
| Objective Respiratory and Quality of Life Evaluation | 334 | ||
| Physical Examination | 334 | ||
| Pulmonary Function Tests | 334 | ||
| Imaging Studies | 335 | ||
| Chest radiograph | 335 | ||
| Fluoroscopic sniff test | 335 | ||
| Ultrasound | 335 | ||
| Computerized tomography | 335 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Tests | 335 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT | 335 | ||
| Diaphragmatic Plication | 335 | ||
| Indications | 336 | ||
| Contraindications | 336 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | 336 | ||
| Open transthoracic plication | 336 | ||
| Thoracoscopic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and robotic-assisted plication | 337 | ||
| Open transabdominal plication | 337 | ||
| Laparoscopic plication | 338 | ||
| Laparoscopic Diaphragm Plication Surgical Technique | 338 | ||
| Anesthesia | 338 | ||
| Position | 338 | ||
| Ports | 340 | ||
| Suture material | 340 | ||
| Procedure steps | 340 | ||
| Exposure | 340 | ||
| Controlled pneumothorax | 340 | ||
| Posterior plication | 340 | ||
| Anterior plication | 340 | ||
| Tube thoracostomy | 342 | ||
| Lung reexpansion | 342 | ||
| Postoperative care | 342 | ||
| Complications of diaphragm plication | 342 | ||
| REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY | 344 | ||
| Comparison of Surgical Approaches for Diaphragm Plication | 344 | ||
| SUMMARY | 344 | ||
| REFERENCES | 344 | ||
| Video-Assisted Thoracic Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis | 347 | ||
| Key points | 347 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 347 | ||
| PRIMARY OR IDIOPATHIC HYPERHIDROSIS | 348 | ||
| Palmar Hyperhidrosis | 348 | ||
| Plantar Hyperhidrosis | 348 | ||
| Axillary Hyperhidrosis | 349 | ||
| Cranial-Facial Hyperhidrosis | 349 | ||
| THORACIC SYMPATHECTOMY | 349 | ||
| General Anesthesia | 350 | ||
| Positioning | 350 | ||
| Instruments | 350 | ||
| Technique | 350 | ||
| TARGET GANGLIA | 351 | ||
| Palmar Hyperhidrosis | 351 | ||
| Axillary Hyperhidrosis | 352 | ||
| Cranial-facial Hyperhidrosis and/or Flushing | 352 | ||
| Plantar Hyperhidrosis | 352 | ||
| ALTERNATIVES TO SYMPATHECTOMY | 352 | ||
| CLINICAL TREATMENT WITH OXIBUTININ | 353 | ||
| QUALITY OF LIFE VERSUS PRIMARY HYPERHIDROSIS | 353 | ||
| RESULTS OF VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACIC SYMPATHECTOMY | 354 | ||
| DIFFICULTIES AND TECHNICAL COMPLICATIONS | 355 | ||
| Pleural Adherences | 355 | ||
| The Azygous Lobe | 355 | ||
| Significant Hemorrhage | 355 | ||
| Chylothorax | 355 | ||
| Pneumothorax | 355 | ||
| Subcutaneous Emphysema | 355 | ||
| Pulmonary Atelectasis | 355 | ||
| Transitory Brachycardia | 356 | ||
| Postoperative Pain | 356 | ||
| Paresis and Paresthesia | 356 | ||
| Horner Syndrome | 356 | ||
| Contraindications | 356 | ||
| REASONS FOR VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACIC SYMPATHECTOMY FAILURE | 356 | ||
| Incomplete Surgery | 356 | ||
| Regeneration | 357 | ||
| Functional Reorganization | 357 | ||
| REFERENCES | 357 | ||
| Current Treatment of Mesothelioma | 359 | ||
| Key points | 359 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 359 | ||
| THE CASE FOR SURGERY IN TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA | 360 | ||
| OPTIONS FOR SURGERY | 360 | ||
| Extrapleural Pneumonectomy | 360 | ||
| Preoperative evaluation for extrapleural pneumonectomy | 360 | ||
| Extrapleural pneumonectomy perioperative management | 361 | ||
| Extrapleural pneumonectomy surgical technique | 361 | ||
| Extrapleural pneumonectomy postoperative care | 362 | ||
| Extrapleural pneumonectomy results | 362 | ||
| Pleurectomy Decortication | 363 | ||
| Pleurectomy decortication preoperative evaluation | 363 | ||
| Pleurectomy decortication perioperative management | 364 | ||
| Pleurectomy decortication surgical technique | 364 | ||
| Pleurectomy decortication postoperative care | 364 | ||
| Pleurectomy decortication results | 365 | ||
| DATA COMPARING EXTRAPLEURAL PNEUMONECTOMY WITH PLEURECTOMY DECORTICATION | 365 | ||
| SUMMARY | 372 | ||
| REFERENCES | 372 | ||
| Index | 377 |