BOOK
Abnormal Psychology, Global Edition
James N. Butcher | Jill M Hooley | Susan M Mineka | Matthew K. Nock
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
For courses in Abnormal Psychology
A comprehensive overview of abnormal psychology, with DSM-5 coverage throughout
Abnormal Psychology provides a comprehensive and engaging introduction to the primary psychological disorders studied within the discipline. Maintaining a focus on the individuals at the heart of the study of abnormal psychology, the authors employ a biopsychosocial approach that helps students achieve an understanding of the holistic context in which abnormalities of behavior occur. In addition to the contributions of new co-author Matthew Nock, the Seventeenth Edition has been extensively updated to reflect DSM-5 diagnostic categories, classifications, and criteria.
MyPsychLab® not included. Students, if MyPsychLab is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN and course ID. MyPsychLab should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.
MyPsychLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students practice what they learn, test their understanding, and pursue a personalized study plan that helps them better absorb course material and understand difficult concepts. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MyPsychLab, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Title Page | 1 | ||
| Copyright Page | 2 | ||
| Brief Contents | 3 | ||
| Contents | 4 | ||
| Features | 13 | ||
| What's New in DSM-5? A Quick Guide | 15 | ||
| Preface | 17 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 20 | ||
| About the Authors | 23 | ||
| 1 Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches | 25 | ||
| What Do We Mean by Abnormality? | 27 | ||
| Indicators of Abnormality | 27 | ||
| The World Around Us Extreme Generosity or Pathological Behavior? | 30 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 What Is the DSM and Why Was It Revised? | 31 | ||
| The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder | 31 | ||
| Classification and Diagnosis | 32 | ||
| What Are the Disadvantages of Classification? | 32 | ||
| How Can We Reduce Prejudicial Attitudes Toward People Who Are Mentally Ill? | 33 | ||
| Culture and Abnormality | 34 | ||
| How Common Are Mental Disorders? | 36 | ||
| Prevalence and Incidence | 36 | ||
| Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders | 37 | ||
| The Global Burden of Disease | 39 | ||
| Treatment | 39 | ||
| Mental Health Professionals | 40 | ||
| Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology | 40 | ||
| Sources of Information | 41 | ||
| Case Studies | 41 | ||
| Self-Report Data | 42 | ||
| Observational Approaches | 42 | ||
| Forming and Testing Hypotheses | 43 | ||
| Sampling and Generalization | 44 | ||
| Internal and External Validity | 45 | ||
| Criterion and Comparison Groups | 45 | ||
| Correlational Research Designs | 46 | ||
| Measuring Correlation | 46 | ||
| Statistical Significance | 47 | ||
| Effect Size | 48 | ||
| Meta-Analysis | 48 | ||
| Correlations and Causality | 48 | ||
| Retrospective versus Prospective Strategies | 48 | ||
| The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology | 49 | ||
| Studying the Efficacy of Therapy | 50 | ||
| Single-Case Experimental Designs | 51 | ||
| Developments in Research Do Magnets Help with Repetitive-Stress Injury? | 51 | ||
| Animal Research | 53 | ||
| Unresolved Issues Are We All Becoming Mentally Ill? The Expanding Horizons of Mental Disorder | 53 | ||
| Summary | 54 | ||
| Key Terms | 55 | ||
| 2 Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior | 56 | ||
| Historical Views of Abnormal Behavior | 57 | ||
| Demonology, Gods, and Magic | 58 | ||
| Hippocrates' Early Medical Concepts | 58 | ||
| Developments in Thinking Melancholia Through the Ages | 59 | ||
| Early Philosophical Conceptions of Consciousness | 60 | ||
| Later Greek and Roman Thought | 60 | ||
| Early Views of Mental Disorders in China | 61 | ||
| Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages | 61 | ||
| Toward Humanitarian Approaches | 63 | ||
| The Resurgence of Scientific Questioning in Europe | 63 | ||
| The Establishment of Early Asylums | 64 | ||
| Humanitarian Reform | 65 | ||
| Nineteenth-Century Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders | 69 | ||
| Changing Attitudes Toward Mental Health in the Early Twentieth Century | 69 | ||
| The World Around Us Chaining Mental Health Patients | 70 | ||
| Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century | 70 | ||
| The Emergence of Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior | 72 | ||
| Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorder | 72 | ||
| The Development of a Classification System | 73 | ||
| Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder | 74 | ||
| Developments in Research The Search for Medications to Cure Mental Disorders | 74 | ||
| The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology | 77 | ||
| Unresolved Issues Interpreting Historical Events | 80 | ||
| Summary | 82 | ||
| Key Terms | 83 | ||
| 3 Causal Factors and Viewpoints | 84 | ||
| Risk Factors and Causes of Abnormal Behavior | 85 | ||
| Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes | 85 | ||
| Feedback and Bidirectionality in Abnormal Behavior | 87 | ||
| Diathesis-Stress Models | 87 | ||
| Perspectives to Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior | 90 | ||
| The Biological Perspective | 90 | ||
| Genetic Vulnerabilities | 91 | ||
| Developments in Thinking Nature, Nurture, and Psychopathology: A New Look at an Old Topic | 95 | ||
| Brain Dysfunction and Neural Plasticity | 96 | ||
| Imbalances of Neurotransmitters and Hormones | 97 | ||
| Temperament | 99 | ||
| The Impact of the Biological Viewpoint | 100 | ||
| The Psychological Perspective | 100 | ||
| The Psychodynamic Perspective | 101 | ||
| Developments in Thinking The Humanistic and Existential Perspectives | 106 | ||
| The Behavioral Perspective | 107 | ||
| The Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective | 110 | ||
| What the Adoption of a Perspective Does and Does Not Do | 113 | ||
| The Social Perspective | 114 | ||
| Early Deprivation or Trauma | 114 | ||
| Problems in Parenting Style | 117 | ||
| Marital Discord and Divorce | 119 | ||
| Low Socioeconomic Status and Unemployment | 120 | ||
| Maladaptive Peer Relationships | 121 | ||
| Prejudice and Discrimination in Race, Gender, and Ethnicity | 122 | ||
| The Impact of the Social Perspective | 123 | ||
| The Cultural Perspective | 123 | ||
| Universal and Culture-Specific Symptoms of Disorders | 123 | ||
| Culture and Over- and Undercontrolled Behavior | 124 | ||
| The World Around Us Culture and Attachment Relationships | 125 | ||
| Unresolved Issues Theoretical Perspectives and the Causes of Abnormal Behavior | 126 | ||
| Summary | 127 | ||
| Key Terms | 128 | ||
| 4 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis | 130 | ||
| The Basic Elements in Assessment | 131 | ||
| The Relationship Between Assessment and Diagnosis | 131 | ||
| Taking a Social or Behavioral History | 132 | ||
| Ensuring Culturally Sensitive Assessment Procedures | 133 | ||
| The Influence of Professional Orientation | 133 | ||
| Reliability, Validity, and Standardization | 134 | ||
| Trust and Rapport Between the Clinician and the Client | 134 | ||
| Assessment of the Physical Organism | 135 | ||
| The General Physical Examination | 135 | ||
| The Neurological Examination | 135 | ||
| The Neuropsychological Examination | 138 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 139 | ||
| Assessment Interviews | 139 | ||
| The Clinical Observation of Behavior | 140 | ||
| Psychological Tests | 141 | ||
| Developments in Practice The Automated Practice: Use of the Computer in Psychological Testing | 142 | ||
| The Case of Andrea C.: Experiencing Violence in the Workplace | 149 | ||
| Developments in Practice Computer-Based MMPI-2 Report for Andrea C. | 150 | ||
| The Integration of Assessment Data | 152 | ||
| Ethical Issues in Assessment | 152 | ||
| Classifying Abnormal Behavior | 153 | ||
| Differing Models of Classification | 153 | ||
| Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders | 154 | ||
| Unresolved Issues The DSM-5: Issues in Acceptance of Changed Diagnostic Criteria | 157 | ||
| Summary | 158 | ||
| Key Terms | 159 | ||
| 5 Stress and Physical and Mental Health | 160 | ||
| What Is Stress? | 161 | ||
| Stress and the DSM | 162 | ||
| Factors Predisposing a Person to Stress | 162 | ||
| Characteristics of Stressors | 163 | ||
| Measuring Life Stress | 164 | ||
| Resilience | 164 | ||
| Stress and Physical Health | 165 | ||
| The Stress Response | 166 | ||
| The Mind-Body Connection | 167 | ||
| Understanding the Immune System | 167 | ||
| Stress and Immune System Functioning | 169 | ||
| Stress and Cytokines | 169 | ||
| Chronic Stress and Inflammation | 170 | ||
| Stress and Premature Aging | 171 | ||
| The World Around Us Racial Discrimination and Cardiovascular Health in African Americans | 171 | ||
| Emotions and Health | 173 | ||
| Personality | 173 | ||
| Depression | 174 | ||
| Anxiety | 175 | ||
| Social Isolation and Lack of Social Support | 175 | ||
| Positive Emotions | 175 | ||
| The Importance of Emotion Regulation | 177 | ||
| Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders | 177 | ||
| Biological Interventions | 177 | ||
| Psychological Interventions | 177 | ||
| Stress and Mental Health | 179 | ||
| Adjustment Disorder | 179 | ||
| Adjustment Disorder Caused by Unemployment | 180 | ||
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 180 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 Changes to the Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD | 181 | ||
| Acute Stress Disorder | 182 | ||
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Risk Factors | 182 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for… Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 183 | ||
| Prevalence of PTSD in the General Population | 184 | ||
| Rates of PTSD after Traumatic Experiences | 184 | ||
| Causal Factors in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 186 | ||
| Individual Risk Factors | 186 | ||
| Biological Factors | 187 | ||
| Sociocultural Factors | 188 | ||
| Long-Term Effects of Posttraumatic Stress | 189 | ||
| Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders | 189 | ||
| Prevention | 189 | ||
| The World Around Us Does Playing Tetris After a Traumatic Event Reduce Flashbacks? | 190 | ||
| Treatment for Stress Disorders | 191 | ||
| Trauma and Physical Health | 192 | ||
| The World Around Us Virtual Reality Exposure Treatment for PTSD in Military Personnel | 193 | ||
| Unresolved Issues Why Is the Study of Trauma So Contentious? | 194 | ||
| Summary | 194 | ||
| Key Terms | 196 | ||
| 6 Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders | 197 | ||
| The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns | 198 | ||
| Fear | 198 | ||
| Anxiety | 199 | ||
| Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities | 200 | ||
| Specific Phobias | 201 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Specific Phobia | 201 | ||
| Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences | 203 | ||
| Psychological Causal Factors | 203 | ||
| Biological Causal Factors | 205 | ||
| Treatments | 205 | ||
| Social Phobia | 207 | ||
| Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences | 207 | ||
| Psychological Causal Factors | 208 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) | 208 | ||
| Biological Causal Factors | 209 | ||
| Treatments | 210 | ||
| Panic Disorder | 211 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Panic Disorder | 212 | ||
| Agoraphobia | 212 | ||
| Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences | 213 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Agoraphobia | 213 | ||
| Comorbidity with Other Disorders | 214 | ||
| The Timing of a First Panic Attack | 214 | ||
| Biological Causal Factors | 215 | ||
| Psychological Causal Factors | 216 | ||
| Developments in Research Nocturnal Panic Attacks | 218 | ||
| Treatments | 219 | ||
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 221 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 222 | ||
| Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences | 223 | ||
| Comorbidity with Other Disorders | 223 | ||
| Psychological Causal Factors | 223 | ||
| Biological Causal Factors | 225 | ||
| Treatments | 226 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders | 227 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 227 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 Why Is OCD No Longer Considered to Be an Anxiety Disorder? | 227 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 229 | ||
| Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences | 230 | ||
| Comorbidity with Other Disorders | 230 | ||
| Psychological Causal Factors | 230 | ||
| Biological Causal Factors | 232 | ||
| Treatments | 234 | ||
| Body Dysmorphic Disorder | 236 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Body Dysmorphic Disorder | 237 | ||
| Hoarding Disorder | 239 | ||
| Trichotillomania | 239 | ||
| Cultural Perspectives | 240 | ||
| The World Around Us Taijin Kyofusho | 240 | ||
| Unresolved Issues The Choice of Treatments: Medications or Cognitive-Behavior Therapy? | 241 | ||
| Summary | 242 | ||
| Key Terms | 243 | ||
| 7 Mood Disorders and Suicide | 244 | ||
| Mood Disorders: An Overview | 245 | ||
| Types of Mood Disorders | 245 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Major Depressive Disorder | 246 | ||
| The Prevalence of Mood Disorders | 246 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Manic Episode | 247 | ||
| Unipolar Depressive Disorders | 248 | ||
| Major Depressive Disorder | 248 | ||
| Persistent Depressive Disorder | 251 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Persistent Depressive Disorder | 252 | ||
| Other Forms of Depression | 252 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 Was It Wise to Drop the Bereavement Exclusion for Major Depression? | 253 | ||
| Developments in Thinking A New DSM-5 Diagnosis: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder | 253 | ||
| Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders | 254 | ||
| Biological Causal Factors | 254 | ||
| Psychological Causal Factors | 259 | ||
| Developments in Research Why Do Sex Differences in Unipolar Depression Emerge During Adolescence? | 267 | ||
| Bipolar and Related Disorders | 270 | ||
| Cyclothymic Disorder | 270 | ||
| Bipolar Disorders (I and II) | 270 | ||
| Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorders | 273 | ||
| Biological Causal Factors | 273 | ||
| Psychological Causal Factors | 275 | ||
| Sociocultural Factors Affecting Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders | 275 | ||
| Cross-Cultural Differences in Depressive Symptoms | 276 | ||
| Cross-Cultural Differences in Prevalence | 276 | ||
| Treatments and Outcomes | 276 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy | 277 | ||
| Alternative Biological Treatments | 279 | ||
| Psychotherapy | 280 | ||
| Suicide: The Clinical Picture and the Causal Pattern | 283 | ||
| Who Attempts and Dies by Suicide? | 284 | ||
| Psychological Disorders | 285 | ||
| The World Around Us Warning Signs for Suicide | 286 | ||
| Other Psychosocial Factors Associated with Suicide | 286 | ||
| Biological Factors | 287 | ||
| Theoretical Models of Suicidal Behavior | 287 | ||
| Suicide Prevention and Intervention | 288 | ||
| Treatment of Mental Disorders | 288 | ||
| Crisis Intervention | 288 | ||
| Focus on High-Risk Groups and Other Measures | 289 | ||
| Unresolved Issues Is There a Right to Die? | 289 | ||
| Summary | 290 | ||
| Key Terms | 292 | ||
| 8 Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders | 293 | ||
| Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: An Overview | 294 | ||
| Somatic Symptom Disorder | 295 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Somatic Symptom Disorder | 295 | ||
| Causes of Somatic Symptom Disorder | 296 | ||
| Treatment of Somatic Symptom Disorder | 299 | ||
| Illness Anxiety Disorder | 300 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Illness Anxiety Disorder | 300 | ||
| Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) | 300 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Conversion Disorder | 301 | ||
| Range of Conversion Disorder Symptoms | 301 | ||
| Important Issues in Diagnosing Conversion Disorder | 302 | ||
| Prevalence and Demographic Characteristics | 302 | ||
| Causes of Conversion Disorders | 303 | ||
| Developments in Research What Can Neuroimaging Tell Us about Conversion Disorder? | 304 | ||
| Treatment of Conversion Disorder | 304 | ||
| Developments in Practice Treatment of a Patient Who Was Mute | 305 | ||
| Factitious Disorder | 305 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Factitious Disorder | 306 | ||
| Distinguishing Between Different Types of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders | 307 | ||
| Dissociative Disorders: An Overview | 307 | ||
| Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder | 308 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder | 310 | ||
| Dissociative Amnesia | 310 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Dissociative Amnesia | 312 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 Where Does Conversion Disorder Belong? | 313 | ||
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | 314 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Dissociative Identity Disorder | 315 | ||
| The World Around Us DID, Schizophrenia, and Split Personality: Clearing Up the Confusion | 316 | ||
| Causal Factors and Controversies about DID | 316 | ||
| Current Perspectives | 320 | ||
| Cultural Factors, Treatments, and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders | 321 | ||
| Cultural Factors in Dissociative Disorders | 321 | ||
| Treatment and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders | 321 | ||
| Unresolved Issues DID and the Reality of \"Recovered Memories | 323 | ||
| Summary | 324 | ||
| Key Terms | 326 | ||
| 9 Eating Disorders and Obesity | 327 | ||
| Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders | 328 | ||
| Anorexia Nervosa | 328 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Anorexia Nervosa | 329 | ||
| Bulimia Nervosa | 331 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Bulimia Nervosa | 331 | ||
| Binge-Eating Disorder | 332 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Binge-Eating Disorder | 333 | ||
| Age of Onset and Gender Differences | 334 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 Other Forms of Eating Disorders | 335 | ||
| Prevalence of Eating Disorders | 335 | ||
| Medical Complications of Eating Disorders | 336 | ||
| Course and Outcome | 337 | ||
| Diagnostic Crossover | 337 | ||
| Association of Eating Disorders with Other Forms of Psychopathology | 338 | ||
| Eating Disorders Across Cultures | 339 | ||
| The World Around Us Ethnic Identity and Disordered Eating | 340 | ||
| Risk and Causal Factors in Eating Disorders | 341 | ||
| Biological Factors | 341 | ||
| Sociocultural Factors | 342 | ||
| Family Influences | 344 | ||
| Individual Risk Factors | 344 | ||
| Treatment of Eating Disorders | 348 | ||
| Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa | 348 | ||
| Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa | 349 | ||
| Developments in Practice New Options for Adults with Anorexia Nervosa | 350 | ||
| Treatment of Binge-Eating Disorder | 351 | ||
| The Problem of Obesity | 352 | ||
| Medical Issues | 353 | ||
| Definition and Prevalence | 353 | ||
| Weight Stigma | 353 | ||
| The World Around Us Do Negative Messages about Being Overweight Encourage Overweight People to Eat More or Less? | 354 | ||
| Obesity and the DSM | 354 | ||
| Risk and Causal Factors in Obesity | 354 | ||
| The Role of Genes | 354 | ||
| Hormones Involved in Appetite and Weight Regulation | 355 | ||
| Sociocultural Influences | 356 | ||
| Family Influences | 357 | ||
| Stress and \"Comfort Food | 358 | ||
| Pathways to Obesity | 358 | ||
| Treatment of Obesity | 359 | ||
| Lifestyle Modifications | 359 | ||
| Medications | 360 | ||
| Bariatric Surgery | 360 | ||
| The Importance of Prevention | 361 | ||
| Unresolved Issues The Role of Public Policy in the Prevention of Obesity | 362 | ||
| Summary | 363 | ||
| Key Terms | 364 | ||
| 10 Personality Disorders | 365 | ||
| Clinical Features of Personality Disorders | 366 | ||
| Challenges in Personality Disorders Research | 368 | ||
| Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders | 369 | ||
| Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders | 370 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 Why Were No Changes Made to the Way Personality Disorders Are Diagnosed? | 371 | ||
| Cluster A Personality Disorders | 372 | ||
| Paranoid Personality Disorder | 372 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Paranoid Personality Disorder | 373 | ||
| Schizoid Personality Disorder | 373 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Schizoid Personality Disorder | 374 | ||
| Schizotypal Personality Disorder | 375 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Schizotypal Personality Disorder | 376 | ||
| Cluster B Personality Disorders | 376 | ||
| Histrionic Personality Disorder | 376 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Histrionic Personality Disorder | 377 | ||
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder | 378 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Narcissistic Personality Disorder | 378 | ||
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | 379 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Antisocial Personality Disorder | 380 | ||
| Borderline Personality Disorder | 383 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Distinct Disorder or Symptom of Borderline Personality Disorder? | 384 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Borderline Personality Disorder | 385 | ||
| Cluster C Personality Disorders | 388 | ||
| Avoidant Personality Disorder | 388 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Avoidant Personality Disorder | 389 | ||
| Dependent Personality Disorder | 389 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Dependent Personality Disorder | 390 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder | 391 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder | 392 | ||
| General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders | 392 | ||
| Treatments and Outcomes for Personality Disorders | 393 | ||
| Adapting Therapeutic Techniques to Specific Personality Disorders | 393 | ||
| Treating Borderline Personality Disorder | 394 | ||
| The World Around Us Marsha Linehan Reveals Her Own Struggle with Borderline Personality Disorder | 395 | ||
| Treating Other Personality Disorders | 395 | ||
| Psychopathy | 396 | ||
| Dimensions of Psychopathy | 396 | ||
| Developments in Research Are You Working for a Psychopath? | 399 | ||
| The Clinical Picture in Psychopathy | 400 | ||
| Causal Factors in Psychopathy | 401 | ||
| A Developmental Perspective on Psychopathy | 403 | ||
| Treatments and Outcomes in Psychopathic Personality | 404 | ||
| Unresolved Issues DSM-5: How Can We Improve the Classification of Personality Disorders? | 405 | ||
| Summary | 405 | ||
| Key Terms | 407 | ||
| 11 Substance-Related Disorders | 408 | ||
| Alcohol-Related Disorders | 409 | ||
| The Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Demographics of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence | 410 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Alcohol Use Disorder | 412 | ||
| The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders | 412 | ||
| Developments in Research Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: How Much Drinking Is Too Much? | 414 | ||
| Causal Factors in the Abuse of and Dependence on Alcohol | 416 | ||
| Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence | 416 | ||
| Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence | 418 | ||
| The World Around Us Binge Drinking in College | 420 | ||
| Sociocultural Causal Factors | 421 | ||
| Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders | 421 | ||
| Use of Medications in Treating Alcohol Abuse and Dependency | 421 | ||
| Psychological Treatment Approaches | 422 | ||
| Controlled Drinking versus Abstinence | 423 | ||
| Alcoholics Anonymous | 423 | ||
| Outcome Studies and Issues in Treatment | 424 | ||
| Relapse Prevention | 425 | ||
| Drug Abuse and Dependence | 426 | ||
| Opium and Its Derivatives | 427 | ||
| Biological Effects of Morphine and Heroin | 427 | ||
| Social Effects of Morphine and Heroin | 428 | ||
| Causal Factors in Opiate Abuse and Dependence | 429 | ||
| Neural Bases for Physiological Addiction | 429 | ||
| Addiction Associated with Psychopathology | 430 | ||
| Treatments and Outcomes | 430 | ||
| Stimulants | 430 | ||
| Cocaine | 430 | ||
| Amphetamines | 432 | ||
| Methamphetamine | 433 | ||
| Caffeine and Nicotine | 433 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 Can Changes to the Diagnostic Criteria Result in Increased Drug Use? | 433 | ||
| Sedatives | 435 | ||
| Effects of Barbiturates | 435 | ||
| Causal Factors in Barbiturate Abuse and Dependence | 436 | ||
| Treatments and Outcomes | 436 | ||
| Hallucinogens | 436 | ||
| LSD | 436 | ||
| Mescaline and Psilocybin | 437 | ||
| Ecstasy | 437 | ||
| Marijuana | 438 | ||
| The World Around Us Should Marijuana Be Marketed and Sold Openly as a Medication? | 439 | ||
| Gambling Disorder | 440 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Gambling Disorder | 441 | ||
| Unresolved Issues Exchanging Addictions: Is This an Effective Treatment Approach? | 442 | ||
| Summary | 442 | ||
| Key Terms | 444 | ||
| 12 Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions | 445 | ||
| Sociocultural Influences on Sexual Practices and Standards | 446 | ||
| Case 1: Degeneracy and Abstinence Theory | 447 | ||
| Case 2: Ritualized Homosexuality in Melanesia | 448 | ||
| Case 3: Homosexuality and American Psychiatry | 448 | ||
| Paraphilic Disorders | 450 | ||
| Fetishistic Disorder | 450 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Several Different Paraphilic Disorders | 451 | ||
| Transvestic Disorder | 452 | ||
| Voyeuristic Disorder | 453 | ||
| Exhibitionistic Disorder | 453 | ||
| Frotteuristic Disorder | 454 | ||
| Sexual Sadism Disorder | 454 | ||
| Sexual Masochism Disorder | 455 | ||
| Causal Factors and Treatments for Paraphilias | 456 | ||
| Gender Dysphoria | 457 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Gender Dysphoria in Children | 457 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Adults | 458 | ||
| Treatment for Gender Dysphoria | 459 | ||
| Transsexualism | 459 | ||
| Treatment for Transsexualism | 460 | ||
| Sexual Abuse | 461 | ||
| Childhood Sexual Abuse | 461 | ||
| Pedophilic Disorder | 463 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 Pedophilia and Hebephilia | 464 | ||
| Incest | 464 | ||
| Rape | 465 | ||
| Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders | 468 | ||
| The World Around Us Megan's Law | 468 | ||
| Sexual Dysfunctions | 470 | ||
| Sexual Dysfunctions in Men | 471 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Different Sexual Dysfunctions | 472 | ||
| Sexual Dysfunctions in Women | 476 | ||
| Unresolved Issues How Harmful Is Childhood Sexual Abuse? | 479 | ||
| Summary | 480 | ||
| Key Terms | 482 | ||
| 13 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders | 483 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 484 | ||
| Origins of the Schizophrenia Construct | 484 | ||
| Epidemiology | 485 | ||
| Clinical Picture | 486 | ||
| Delusions | 486 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Schizophrenia | 487 | ||
| Hallucinations | 488 | ||
| The World Around Us Stress, Caffeine, and Hallucinations | 489 | ||
| Disorganized Speech | 489 | ||
| Disorganized Behavior | 490 | ||
| Negative Symptoms | 490 | ||
| Subtypes of Schizophrenia | 491 | ||
| Other Psychotic Disorders | 491 | ||
| Schizoaffective Disorder | 491 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Schizoaffective Disorder | 491 | ||
| Schizophreniform Disorder | 491 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Schizophreniform Disorder | 492 | ||
| Delusional Disorder | 492 | ||
| Brief Psychotic Disorder | 492 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Delusional Disorder | 492 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Brief Psychotic Disorder | 493 | ||
| Genetic and Biological Factors | 493 | ||
| Genetic Factors | 493 | ||
| The World Around Us The Genain Quadruplets | 495 | ||
| Prenatal Exposures | 500 | ||
| Developments in Thinking Could Schizophrenia Be an Immune Disorder? | 501 | ||
| Genes and Environment in Schizophrenia: A Synthesis | 501 | ||
| A Neurodevelopmental Perspective | 502 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome | 504 | ||
| Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities | 505 | ||
| Neurocognition | 505 | ||
| Social Cognition | 506 | ||
| Loss of Brain Volume | 507 | ||
| Affected Brain Areas | 507 | ||
| White Matter Problems | 508 | ||
| Brain Functioning | 509 | ||
| Cytoarchitecture | 510 | ||
| Brain Development in Adolescence | 511 | ||
| Synthesis | 511 | ||
| Neurochemistry | 512 | ||
| Psychosocial and Cultural Factors | 514 | ||
| Do Bad Families Cause Schizophrenia? | 514 | ||
| Families and Relapse | 515 | ||
| Urban Living | 516 | ||
| Immigration | 516 | ||
| Cannabis Use and Abuse | 517 | ||
| A Diathesis-Stress Model of Schizophrenia | 518 | ||
| Treatments and Outcomes | 519 | ||
| Clinical Outcome | 519 | ||
| Pharmacological Approaches | 520 | ||
| Psychosocial Approaches | 522 | ||
| Unresolved Issues Why Are Recovery Rates in Schizophrenia Not Improving? | 524 | ||
| Summary | 525 | ||
| Key Terms | 526 | ||
| 14 Neurocognitive Disorders | 527 | ||
| Brain Impairment in Adults | 528 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 Is the Inclusion of Mild Neurocognitive Disorder a Good Idea? | 529 | ||
| Clinical Signs of Brain Damage | 529 | ||
| Diffuse Versus Focal Damage | 530 | ||
| The Neurocognitive/Psychopathology Interaction | 532 | ||
| Delirium | 533 | ||
| Clinical Picture | 533 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Delirium | 534 | ||
| Treatments and Outcomes | 534 | ||
| Major Neurocognitive Disorder | 534 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Major Neurocognitive Disorder | 535 | ||
| Parkinson's Disease | 536 | ||
| Huntington's Disease | 536 | ||
| Alzheimer's Disease | 536 | ||
| Clinical Picture | 537 | ||
| Prevalence | 538 | ||
| Causal Factors | 539 | ||
| Developments in Research Depression Increases the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease | 541 | ||
| Neuropathology | 541 | ||
| Treatment and Outcome | 543 | ||
| Early Detection | 543 | ||
| Developments in Research New Approaches to the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease | 544 | ||
| The World Around Us Exercising Your Way to a Healthier Brain? | 545 | ||
| Supporting Caregivers | 545 | ||
| Neurocognitive Disorder Resulting from HIV Infection or Vascular Problems | 546 | ||
| Neurocognitive Disorder Associated with HIV-1 Infection | 546 | ||
| Neurocognitive Disorder Associated with Vascular Disease | 547 | ||
| Neurocognitive Disorder Characterized by Profound Memory Impairment (Amnestic Disorder) | 547 | ||
| Disorders Involving Head Injury | 548 | ||
| Clinical Picture | 549 | ||
| Treatments and Outcomes | 551 | ||
| The World Around Us Brain Damage in Professional Athletes | 552 | ||
| Unresolved Issues Should Healthy People Use Cognitive Enhancers? | 553 | ||
| Summary | 554 | ||
| Key Terms | 555 | ||
| 15 Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) | 556 | ||
| Special Considerations in Understanding Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence | 558 | ||
| Psychological Vulnerabilities of Young Children | 558 | ||
| The Classification of Childhood and Adolescent Disorders | 558 | ||
| Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents | 559 | ||
| Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence | 559 | ||
| Childhood Depression and Bipolar Disorder | 561 | ||
| Developments in Research Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Is There an Epidemic? | 563 | ||
| Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder | 564 | ||
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | 565 | ||
| Conduct Disorder | 565 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Conduct Disorder | 565 | ||
| Causal Factors in ODD and CD | 566 | ||
| Treatments and Outcomes | 567 | ||
| Elimination Disorders | 568 | ||
| Enuresis | 568 | ||
| Encopresis | 569 | ||
| Neurodevelopmental Disorders | 569 | ||
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder | 569 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder | 570 | ||
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | 573 | ||
| DSM-5 Criteria for. . . Autism Spectrum Disorder | 575 | ||
| Tic Disorders | 576 | ||
| Developments in Practice Can Video Games Help Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders? | 577 | ||
| Specific Learning Disorders | 578 | ||
| Causal Factors in Learning Disorder | 579 | ||
| Treatments and Outcomes | 579 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 What Role Should Cultural Changes Have in Developing Medical Terminology? | 580 | ||
| Intellectual Disability | 580 | ||
| Levels of Intellectual Disability | 581 | ||
| Causal Factors in Intellectual Disability | 582 | ||
| Organic Intellectual Disability Syndromes | 583 | ||
| Treatments, Outcomes, and Prevention | 586 | ||
| Special Considerations in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents | 587 | ||
| Special Factors Associated with Treatment of Children and Adolescents | 587 | ||
| The World Around Us The Impact of Child Abuse on Psychological Disorders | 589 | ||
| Family Therapy as a Means of Helping Children | 589 | ||
| Child Advocacy Programs | 590 | ||
| Unresolved Issues How Should Society Deal with Delinquent Behavior? | 590 | ||
| Summary | 591 | ||
| Key Terms | 593 | ||
| 16 Psychological Treatment | 594 | ||
| An Overview of Treatment | 595 | ||
| Why Do People Seek Therapy? | 595 | ||
| Who Provides Psychotherapeutic Services? | 597 | ||
| The Therapeutic Relationship | 597 | ||
| Measuring Success in Psychotherapy | 598 | ||
| Objectifying and Quantifying Change | 598 | ||
| Would Change Occur Anyway? | 600 | ||
| Can Therapy Be Harmful? | 600 | ||
| The World Around Us When Therapy Harms | 600 | ||
| What Therapeutic Approaches Should Be Used? | 601 | ||
| Evidence-Based Treatment | 601 | ||
| Medication or Psychotherapy? | 602 | ||
| Combined Treatments | 602 | ||
| Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment | 603 | ||
| Behavior Therapy | 603 | ||
| Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | 606 | ||
| Humanistic-Experiential Therapies | 608 | ||
| Psychodynamic Therapies | 611 | ||
| Couples and Family Therapy | 614 | ||
| Eclecticism and Integration | 615 | ||
| Rebooting Psychotherapy | 615 | ||
| Sociocultural Perspectives | 616 | ||
| Social Values and Psychotherapy | 616 | ||
| Psychotherapy and Cultural Diversity | 616 | ||
| Biological Approaches to Treatment | 617 | ||
| Antipsychotic Drugs | 617 | ||
| Antidepressant Drugs | 618 | ||
| Antianxiety Drugs | 621 | ||
| Lithium and Other Mood-Stabilizing Drugs | 622 | ||
| Thinking Critically about DSM-5 What Are Some of the Clinical Implications of the Recent Changes? | 623 | ||
| Nonmedicinal Biological Treatments | 624 | ||
| The World Around Us Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression | 627 | ||
| Unresolved Issues Do Psychiatric Medications Help or Harm? | 628 | ||
| Summary | 629 | ||
| Key Terms | 630 | ||
| 17 Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology | 631 | ||
| Perspectives on Prevention | 632 | ||
| Universal Interventions | 633 | ||
| Selective Interventions | 634 | ||
| Indicated Interventions | 637 | ||
| Inpatient Mental Health Treatment in Contemporary Society | 637 | ||
| The Mental Hospital as a Therapeutic Community | 637 | ||
| Aftercare Programs | 639 | ||
| Deinstitutionalization | 639 | ||
| Controversial Legal Issues and the Mentally Ill | 641 | ||
| Civil Commitment | 641 | ||
| The World Around Us Important Court Decisions for Patient Rights | 641 | ||
| Assessment of \"Dangerousness | 642 | ||
| The World Around Us Controversial Not Guilty Pleas: Can Altered Mind States or Personality Disorder Limit Responsibility for a Criminal Act? | 643 | ||
| The Insanity Defense | 646 | ||
| Competence to Stand Trial | 649 | ||
| Does Having Mental Health Problems Result in Convicted Felons Being Returned to Prison After Being Released? | 650 | ||
| Organized Efforts for Mental Health | 651 | ||
| U.S. Efforts for Mental Health | 651 | ||
| International Efforts for Mental Health | 653 | ||
| Challenges for the Future | 653 | ||
| The Need for Planning | 654 | ||
| The Individual's Contribution | 654 | ||
| Unresolved Issues The HMOs and Mental Health Care | 655 | ||
| Summary | 657 | ||
| Key Terms | 658 | ||
| Glossary | 659 | ||
| A | 659 | ||
| B | 661 | ||
| C | 661 | ||
| D | 663 | ||
| E | 665 | ||
| F | 666 | ||
| G | 667 | ||
| H | 668 | ||
| I | 669 | ||
| J | 669 | ||
| K | 670 | ||
| L | 670 | ||
| M | 670 | ||
| N | 671 | ||
| O | 672 | ||
| P | 673 | ||
| Q | 675 | ||
| R | 675 | ||
| S | 676 | ||
| T | 679 | ||
| U | 680 | ||
| V | 680 | ||
| W | 681 | ||
| X | 681 | ||
| Y | 681 | ||
| Z | 681 | ||
| References | 682 | ||
| Credits | 754 | ||
| Name Index | 761 | ||
| A | 761 | ||
| B | 761 | ||
| C | 763 | ||
| D | 764 | ||
| E | 764 | ||
| F | 765 | ||
| G | 765 | ||
| H | 766 | ||
| I | 767 | ||
| J | 767 | ||
| K | 767 | ||
| L | 768 | ||
| M | 769 | ||
| N | 770 | ||
| O | 771 | ||
| P | 771 | ||
| Q | 772 | ||
| R | 772 | ||
| S | 772 | ||
| T | 774 | ||
| U | 774 | ||
| V | 775 | ||
| W | 775 | ||
| X | 776 | ||
| Y | 776 | ||
| Z | 776 | ||
| Subject Index | 777 | ||
| A | 777 | ||
| B | 778 | ||
| C | 779 | ||
| D | 781 | ||
| E | 782 | ||
| F | 783 | ||
| G | 783 | ||
| H | 784 | ||
| I | 784 | ||
| J | 785 | ||
| K | 785 | ||
| L | 785 | ||
| M | 785 | ||
| N | 786 | ||
| O | 786 | ||
| P | 787 | ||
| Q | 788 | ||
| R | 789 | ||
| S | 789 | ||
| T | 791 | ||
| U | 791 | ||
| V | 792 | ||
| W | 792 | ||
| Z | 792 |