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Pharmacology for Midwives

Pharmacology for Midwives

Sue Jordan

(2010)

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Book Details

Abstract

The new edition of this ground-breaking text is an essential resource for the management of drugs during pregnancy, labour and the postnatal period. Fully updated in line with current midwifery practice, it includes new chapters on Disorders of the Immune System and Recreational Drugs, and expanded coverage of pain relief.
The new edition of this ground-breaking text is an essential resource for the management of drugs during pregnancy, labour and the postnatal period. Fully updated in line with current midwifery practice, it includes new chapters on Disorders of the Immune System and Recreational Drugs, and expanded coverage of pain relief.

SUE JORDAN is Reader in Nursing and Midwifery at the School of Health and Human Science at Swansea University, UK. 
"I consider this an essential text for our pharmacology module in year 1. Affordable, accessible and facilitates the students' achievement of NMC Essential Skills cluster 5 (medicines management)" - Anne Lincoln, Lecturer, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, UK

"This is a very comprehensive text ideally suited to it's intended audience. The layout is clear and content well organized giving valuable information in a very readable format. A must for all students and practising midwives." - Kate Taylor, Senior Lecturer, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Pre-Hospital Emergency Care, University of Worcester, UK

"...well presented text that will see the students through not only the first year module but their 3 years and post qualification." - Ellen Kitson-Reynolds, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, UK

Praise for the first edition:

'An excellent book, It is well written and readable. Contains excellent information and is well researched and referenced. The practice points/implications for practice and case studies are relevant and enhance the book. I will be strongly recommending it to the units as well as to students and qualified staff, Drs could also benefit from reading this. Well Done.

- Mrs V R Morse, School of Care Sciences, University of Glamorgan

'A much needed& long overdue text which focuses on pharmacology in the midwifery setting. Well laid out& easy to read. A must for every student& practising midwifery.'

- Mrs Glenys McGuire, Department of Midwifery, University of Huddersfield

'This is an excellent and very useful textbook. I was delighted to read through it - valuable contents.'

- Mrs Linda Javncey, Department of Nursing& Midwifery, University of Stirling

'Extensive evidence based resource that students can use from the beginning of their career right into practice'

- Mrs Maggie Prain, School of Women's Health Studies, UCE Birmingham

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cove
Contents vii
List of Implications for Practice xiii
List of Figures xiv
List of Tables xv
List of Boxes xvi
List of Contributors xvii
Foreword xviii
Preface xix
Acknowledgements xxi
Using this Book xxii
List of Abbreviations xxiii
Part I: Introduction to Pharmacology 1
Introduction 2
1 Principles of Pharmacology 3
The evidence base for pharmacological interventions 3
Drug therapy 5
Conclusion 31
Further reading 32
2 Administration of Medicines 39
Oral administration 39
Buccal/sublingual administration 40
Rectal administration 40
Vaginal administration 42
Injections 42
Intravenous administration 45
Epidural and intrathecal administration 51
Conclusion 61
Further reading 61
3 Law, Medicines and the Midwife 62
Introduction 62
Accountability 63
The legal regulation of medicines 64
Administration of prescription only medicine 65
Alternatives to prescriptions for the supply and administration of medicines 68
Professional requirements 72
Civil liability 73
Conclusion 74
Further reading 74
Part II: Drugs in Labour 75
Introduction 76
4 Pain relief 77
Pathophysiology of pain 77
Inhalation analgesia 79
Opioids 87
Local anaesthetics 106
Summary: pain relief in labour 122
Pain relief in pregnancy and the puerperium: NSAIDs and paracetamol 124
Further reading 130
5 Antiemetics 131
Physiology of nausea and vomiting 131
Emesis in early pregnancy 133
Pharmacological management of emesis 134
Dopamine (D2) antagonists (mainly metoclopramide and prochlorperazine) 135
Antihistamines 141
Other antiemetics 144
Conclusion 147
Further reading 147
6 Drugs Increasing Uterine Contractility: Uterotonics (Oxytocics) 148
Uterine contractility 148
Uterotonics (oxytocics) 149
Prostaglandins 150
Oxytocin 158
Newer drugs 169
Summary: induction and augmentation of labour 170
Ergometrine 171
Further reading 177
7 Drugs Decreasing Uterine Contractility/Tocolytics 178
Calcium channel blockers (mainly nifedipine) 179
Atosiban 184
Beta2 adrenoceptor agonists 184
Corticosteroids and tocolysis 190
Further reading 195
Part III: Disordered Physiology in Childbirth 197
Introduction 198
8 Drugs Affecting the Coagulation Process 199
Haemostasis 199
Anticoagulants 202
Vitamin K1 (phytomenadione) 216
Further reading 220
9 Cardiovascular Disorders in Pregnancy 221
Blood pressure in pregnancy 221
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia 222
Magnesium sulphate 227
Pregnancy-induced hypertension and hypertension in pregnancy 237
Drugs used in hypertensive emergencies 243
Other cardiovascular conditions 245
Further reading 246
Part IV: Drugs in Pregnancy 247
Introduction 248
10 Nutritional Supplements in Pregnancy: Iron and Folic Acid 249
Nutrition in pregnancy 249
Iron 250
Folic acid 259
Further reading 262
11 Management of Gastric Acidity in Pregnancy 263
Causes and management of heartburn in pregnancy 263
Antacids 265
Chelates and complexes (sucralfate) 267
Acid suppressants 268
Conclusion 270
Further reading 270
12 Laxatives in Pregnancy and the Puerperium 271
Constipation 271
Laxatives 276
Conclusion 283
Further reading 283
13 Antimicrobial Agents 284
Pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms 285
Antimicrobials in pregnancy 285
Antibacterials and their actions 287
Antifungals and their actions 291
Antivirals and their actions 293
Antiprotozoals and their actions 294
Antihelminthics and their actions 295
Insecticides and their actions 296
How the body handles antimicrobials 297
Adverse effects of antimicrobials 300
Conclusion 305
Further reading 307
14 Drugs and the Immune System 308
The immune system 308
Hypersensitivity or allergic responses 310
Blood groups 310
Rhesus incompatibility 311
The immune system in pregnancy 316
Allergic disorders in pregnancy 318
Development of the immune system 320
Conclusion 322
Further reading 322
Part V: Pregnancy in Women with Pre-existing Disease 323
Introduction 324
Further reading 324
15 Asthma in Pregnancy 325
Asthma 325
Drugs used in asthma 329
Conclusion 337
Further reading 337
16 Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy 338
Diabetes 338
Insulin needs in pregnancy 339
Insulin 342
Labour and diabetes 348
Breastfeeding and diabetes 348
Oral hypoglycaemics 348
Conclusion 351
Further reading 351
17 Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy 352
Thyroid hormones 352
Thyroid function tests (TFTs) in pregnancy 353
Hyperthyroidism 355
Hypothyroidism 356
Other endocrine disorders 360
Further reading 360
18 Epilepsy in Pregnancy 361
Epilepsy 362
Effect of pregnancy on epilepsy 362
Effect of epilepsy on pregnancy 363
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and congenital anomalies 363
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) 366
First-generation (older) antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) 367
Newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) 371
Management of epilepsy in pregnancy 374
Conclusion 376
Further reading 376
19 Drugs and Mental Health 377
Childbirth and mental health problems/mental illness 377
Drugs prescribed for mental illness 379
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 379
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) 386
Antipsychotics 387
Anxiolytics 391
Lithium therapy 391
Conclusion 393
Further reading 394
20 Recreational Drugs 395
Alcohol/ethanol 396
Caffeine 401
Cigarettes 403
Cannabis 405
Recreational opioids 407
Stimulants 411
Conclusion 416
Further reading 416
Appendix I Quick Reference for Major Drug Groups/Drugs 417
Appendix II Glossary 436
References 441
Index 477