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Book Details
Abstract
The science behind claims of alien encounters and visions of ghosts can be even more fascinating than the sensationalist headlines. What leads some people to believe in the paranormal? Why might someone think they have been abducted by aliens? And is there any room for superstition in the modern world of science?
Anomalistic Psychology
* Provides a lively and thought-provoking introduction to the psychology underlying paranormal belief and experience
* Covers the latest psychological theories and experiments, and examines the science at the heart of the subject
* Uses a unique approach to apply different psychological perspectives – including clinical, developmental and cognitive approaches – to shed new light on the key debates
Whether you are a psychology student or simply curious about the paranormal, Anomalistic Psychology is the essential introduction to this contested and controversial field. Belief in the paranormal has been reported in every known society since the dawn of time – find out why.
Christopher C. French is Professor of Psychology at Goldsmiths, University of London, UK.
Anna Stone is Senior Lecturer in the School of Psychology, University of East London, UK.
"A fantastic resource for anyone interested in learning more about anomalous experiences." - Caroline Watt, Senior Lecturer, Koestler Parapsychology Unit, University of Edinburgh, UK
"Christopher French and Anna Stone have written a balanced, authoritative, and reader-friendly guide about unusual but poorly understood psychological phenomena. There is nothing quite like it in the field." - Stanley Krippner, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology, Saybrook University, USA, and co-author, Demystifying Shamans and their World
"Lots of people believe they have had strange experiences, such as alien abduction or seeing heaven when near death. French and stone, in this meticulously researched and beautifully written book, help us understand why. Anomalistic Psychology is a masterful, one-of-a-kind book that will interest anyone who cares about the sometimes seemingly bizarre workings of the human mind." - Elizabeth F. Loftus, PhD, Distinguished Professor, University of California, Irvine, USA, Past President of the Association for Psychological Science, and author of Eyewitness Testimony
"Anomalistic Psychology provides an excellent introduction to this topic. The style is engaging, informative and easy to read, without any loss of depth or critical evaluation. I think that students will find it an engaging and thoughtful book, and because it contains relevant examples drawn from current cultural topics, they will find it accessible and entertaining. I will certainly recommend this text to the students on my Parapsychology course." - Nick Neave, Reader in the Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, UK
"Anomalistic psychology tries to explain bizzare and/or paranormal experiences and beliefs. A listing of these would be endless, but among those that French and Stone consider are alien abduction, extrasensory perception, near-death experiences, and past-life memories." - Choice
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Cover | Cover | ||
Contents | vii | ||
List of Table, Figures, and Boxes | xi | ||
Preface | xii | ||
Acknowledgements and Publisher's Acknowledgements | xiv | ||
1 Introduction | 1 | ||
What is anomalistic psychology? | 1 | ||
Just imagine … | 2 | ||
Paranormal belief and experience | 6 | ||
Problems with defining the paranormal | 7 | ||
Measuring paranormal beliefs | 9 | ||
The relationship between anomalistic psychology and parapsychology | 14 | ||
The structure of this book | 18 | ||
Suggested further reading | 23 | ||
2 Individual Differences | 24 | ||
Introduction | 24 | ||
Gender | 26 | ||
Age | 29 | ||
Socio-economic status | 30 | ||
Race | 32 | ||
Marital status | 32 | ||
Cross-cultural comparisons | 33 | ||
The social marginality hypothesis | 36 | ||
Return to gender differences in paranormal belief | 38 | ||
Personality and related variables | 42 | ||
The fantasy-prone personality | 46 | ||
Conclusion | 50 | ||
Suggested further reading | 51 | ||
3 Clinical Perspectives | 53 | ||
Introduction | 53 | ||
Personality measures associated with psychological well-being | 55 | ||
Reality monitoring | 66 | ||
Psychosis, spirituality, and anomalous experiences | 66 | ||
Conclusion | 67 | ||
Suggested further reading | 68 | ||
4 Developmental Perspectives | 69 | ||
Introduction | 69 | ||
Childhood beliefs: Magical thinking and wishes | 71 | ||
Magical thinking from childhood to adolescence and adulthood | 77 | ||
Superstition from childhood to adulthood | 81 | ||
The relationship between childhood magical thinking and obsessive-compulsive disorder | 83 | ||
The psychodynamic functions hypothesis | 85 | ||
Suggested further reading | 93 | ||
5 Psychobiological Perspectives | 94 | ||
Introduction | 94 | ||
REM sleep intrusions into the waking state | 95 | ||
Cortical arousal | 96 | ||
Temporal lobe hyperactivity | 98 | ||
Neural interconnectedness and transliminality | 101 | ||
Hemispheric dominance | 102 | ||
Out-of-body experiences | 104 | ||
Near-death experiences | 108 | ||
Conclusion | 112 | ||
Suggested further reading | 114 | ||
6 Cognitive Perspectives | 115 | ||
Introduction | 115 | ||
Reasoning ability and critical thinking | 116 | ||
Syllogistic reasoning | 118 | ||
The danger of groupthink | 119 | ||
Misunderstanding of probabilities | 120 | ||
The specific example of regression to the mean | 124 | ||
Repetition avoidance | 125 | ||
The availability heuristic | 126 | ||
The representativeness heuristic | 126 | ||
Illusory correlation | 128 | ||
Illusory control | 129 | ||
Distorting the evidence | 130 | ||
Confirmation bias | 132 | ||
The Barnum effect | 133 | ||
Seeing forms in randomness | 134 | ||
Perceptual errors | 135 | ||
How faulty is our reasoning and perception? | 136 | ||
Selective scientific research | 137 | ||
Biases in memory | 137 | ||
Hindsight bias and selective memory | 139 | ||
False memory | 140 | ||
Individual differences | 141 | ||
Conclusions | 147 | ||
Suggested further reading | 148 | ||
7 Social Perspectives | 149 | ||
Introduction | 149 | ||
Learning from parents | 152 | ||
Genetic transmission from parents to children | 153 | ||
Learning from peers | 154 | ||
Learning from observation of experts and practitioners | 158 | ||
Cold reading | 159 | ||
The influence of the media | 163 | ||
The role of formal (scientific) education | 172 | ||
The role of narrative convention | 172 | ||
Cultural traditions of paranormal belief | 177 | ||
The socio-cognitive view of hypnosis, false memories, and multiple identities | 180 | ||
Houran and Lange's attributional model of paranormal belief and experience | 185 | ||
Suggested further reading | 185 | ||
8 Evolutionary Perspectives | 187 | ||
Introduction | 187 | ||
Thinking, fast and slow | 188 | ||
Patterns and meaning | 190 | ||
Religious concepts | 191 | ||
Anthropomorphism | 192 | ||
Agency | 193 | ||
Ghost-hunting for beginners | 196 | ||
Magical thinking as an adaptive cognitive tool | 198 | ||
Conclusions | 199 | ||
Suggested further reading | 200 | ||
9 Integrating the Different Approaches: Alien Contact Claims | 201 | ||
Introduction | 201 | ||
Types of alien contact claim | 201 | ||
Is there intelligent life elsewhere in the universe? | 207 | ||
Alien abductions: The ET hypothesis | 208 | ||
Alien abductions: Psychological factors | 210 | ||
Concluding comment | 222 | ||
Suggested further reading | 223 | ||
10 Parapsychological Perspectives | 224 | ||
Introduction | 224 | ||
Can you tell who has sent you a message? | 227 | ||
Can you tell if someone is staring at you? | 228 | ||
Can you see an image or video shown to another person in a remote location? | 230 | ||
Can you describe remote locations without using the known senses? | 232 | ||
Consistently inconsistent findings? | 235 | ||
Can you obtain information about events before they occur? | 236 | ||
Can your thoughts influence the physical state of another person? | 241 | ||
Can you influence a physical object using only your mind? | 242 | ||
The survival hypothesis | 244 | ||
Conclusion and the way ahead | 246 | ||
Suggested further reading | 247 | ||
11 Philosophical Perspectives | 249 | ||
Introduction | 249 | ||
The scientific status of parapsychology | 250 | ||
Parapsychology and the mind–body problem | 255 | ||
Suggested further reading | 260 | ||
12 Future Prospects of Anomalistic Psychology and Parapsychology | 261 | ||
Introduction | 261 | ||
Future prospects of anomalistic psychology | 261 | ||
Future prospects of parapsychology | 266 | ||
Suggested further reading | 272 | ||
Glossary of Terms | 273 | ||
References | 282 | ||
Index | 325 |