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Psychology

Psychology

Bruce M. Hood | Daniel Schacter | Daniel Wegner | Daniel Gilbert

(2015)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Do we really only use 10% of our brains? Can we learn in our sleep? Does money make us happier?
Psychology: Second European Edition answers the most intriguing questions about the human brain and behaviour, introducing the core areas of this broad and fast-moving discipline and incorporating a range of international research. Written with irresistible enthusiasm and humour by world-renowned researchers and popular science authors, this revised second edition includes:
• Two new chapters on social psychology: Social Relationships and Social Groups
• Thoroughly updated (and retitled) chapter on Psychological Disorders, offering more on social perspectives of mental health and an introduction to DSM-5
• Brand new 'Psychomythology' feature which tackles common misconceptions about the discipline through scientific evidence
• All-new 'Psychology and Me' videos featuring an international range of psychologists talking about their fascinating careers and giving students advice for the future
• 'Hot Science' boxes discussing cutting-edge research and neuroscience, and 'The Real World' vignettes demonstrating psychology in everyday life
• Increased coverage of research methods, including new 'Stats Fact' boxes addressing often contested issues in statistics
• A number of additional sections including those on executive functions, epigenetics, childhood reminiscing, self-esteem and inflated praise, and gender bias in motor development.
 
Visit www.palgravehighered.com/schacter for a comprehensive suite of resources for teaching and learning. Lecturer materials include:
• Over 50 video overviews, clips from experiments, and animations
• Testbank of over 2500 multiple choice, true/false and essay questions
• Lecturer manual containing lecture suggestions, discussion questions, class exercises, a media planner and a BPS syllabus matrix
• PowerPoints slides.
Student materials include:
• 10 'Psychology and Me' videos featuring clinical, health, sports, cognitive and neuropsychologists talking about their practical work and research, and their experiences of studying psychology as an undergraduate.
• PsychSim 5: an online activity program placing students in simulated research as the experimenter or subject
• Multiple choice questions, video and web assignments.
Students will love learning from this fantastic introductory text. Its novel 'mindbugs' approach uses quirks of the mind to lend insights into how the brain works, making it both original and cutting-edge. Written by psychology superstars, this edition has been adapted for a British/European audience by high-profile professor of experimental psychology, Bruce Hood, Bristol University. It is written in a truly engaging style which students will find fresh, entertaining and accessible.

The book is strong on the real-world applications of psychological science from around the globe, whilst placing each area of psychology firmly in historical context. It is the only adaptation of a new book rooted in the research methodologies and student experience of today.

Daniel L. Schacter is Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, USA. He is the author of Searching for Memory and The Seven Sins of Memory, both winners of the APA's William James Book Award.

Daniel T. Gilbert is Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, USA. He has won numerous awards, including the Phi Beta Kappa Teaching Prize, a Guggenheim Fellowship, and the American Psychological Association's Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology.

Daniel M. Wegner is Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, USA. Author of White Bears and Other Unwanted Thoughts and The Illusion of Conscious Will, he is a member of the Board of Reviewing Editors for Science magazine.

Bruce M. Hood is Professor of Developmental Psychology in Society at the University of Bristol, UK. Bruce has appeared in a number of TV science documentaries and in 2011 he delivered the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures which were broadcast on the BBC to over 4 million viewers.


A joy to read - the writing style, the examples, and the issues are all spot on. Perfect for a first year course in psychology.' -Zoltan Dienes, University of Sussex, UK

'I must say, I like this book a lot. It is clear and concise, and presents classic material alongside cutting edge developments in the field. The structure is very good and it is funny too!' -Åse Innes-Ker, University of Lund, Sweden

'A fantastic combination of real-world examples, accessible writing and academically credible presentation. The authors have done a great job - the writing drew me into topics and I read up on current developments with interest. This textbook has been very well adapted for a UK and European audience.' -Rachel Taylor, University of Glamorgan, UK

'The mindbugs approach appeals to me very much because it sets the ecological relevance of a particular theoretical issue. This is a well-written, humorous and accessible textbook.' -Derek Smith, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, UK

'The clarity, level of language and quality of the explanations would fit my student audience perfectly. It is an accessible and engaging textbook with a great style and nice touches of humour. The historical context really appeals to me and fits my style of teaching.' -Pascal Wilhelm, University of Twente, Netherlands

"I love the companion website, and I'm using a lot of the materials for seminar activities or as suggestions for self-managed learning" - Janice Brown, London South Bank University, UK


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cove
Brief contents vi
Long contents vii
List of figures xviii
List of tables xxi
Preface xxii
Author’s acknowledgements xxviii
Tour of the book xxx
Online ancillaries xxxii
1 Psychology: the evolution of a science 3
Psychology today 5
Psychology’s roots: the path to a science of mind 10
Exporting European psychology 15
Errors and illusions reveal psychology 17
Psychology in the 20th century: behaviourism takes centre stage 21
Beyond behaviourism: psychology expands 24
Beyond the individual: social and cultural perspectives 31
The profession of psychology: it’s not just common sense 34
2 The methods of psychology 43
Empiricism: how to know things 44
Observation: discovering what people do 46
Explanation: discovering why people do what they do 61
Qualitative research: forget the size, feel the quality 77
The ethics of science: first, do no harm 80
3 Neuroscience and behaviour 87
Neurons: the origin of behaviour 88
The electrochemical actions of neurons: information processing 92
The organization of the nervous system 100
The evolution and development of nervous systems 112
Investigating the brain 118
4 Sensation and perception 131
Our senses encode the information our brains perceive 133
Vision: more than meets the eye 140
Audition: more than meets the ear 163
The body senses: more than skin deep 168
The chemical senses: adding flavour 171
5 Memory 181
The structure of memory 183
Remembering 187
Forgetting 203
Metamemory 212
Memory failures: Schacter’s seven sins of memory 220
6 Learning 227
Defining learning: experience that causes a permanent change 228
Classical conditioning: one thing leads to another 229
Operant conditioning: reinforcements from the environment 242
Observational learning: look at me 257
Implicit learning: under the wires 259
7 Language and thought 267
Language and communication: nothing’s more personal 268
Concepts and categories: how we think 284
Judging, valuing and deciding: sometimes we’re logical, sometimes not 288
Problem solving: working it out 297
Transforming information: how we reach conclusions 304
8 Consciousness 311
Conscious and unconscious: the mind’s eye, open and closed 312
Attention 328
Sleep and dreaming: good night, mind 334
Drugs and consciousness: artificial inspiration 344
Hypnosis: open to suggestion 347
Meditation and religious experiences: higher consciousness 351
9 Intelligence 357
The measurement of intelligence 358
The nature of intelligence: general or specific? 367
The origins of intelligence: from DNA to SES 374
Cognitive bases of intelligence differences 380
The future of intelligence: wising up 382
10 Emotion and motivation 391
Emotional experience: the feeling machine 392
Emotional communication: msgs w/o wrds 402
Motivation: getting moved 408
11 Cognitive development 429
Nature versus nurture: an unnatural division 431
Prenatality: a womb with a view 433
The science of studying change 438
Beyond the blooming, buzzing confusion 444
Understanding the world: cognition 452
Later cognitive development and decline 465
12 Social development 475
Attachment 482
Development of social cognition 489
Who am I? 497
Moral development 505
13 Personality 519
Personality: what it is and how it is measured 520
The trait approach: identifying patterns of behaviour 523
The psychodynamic approach: forces that lie beneath awareness 532
The humanistic-existential approach: personality as choice 539
The social cognitive approach: personalities in situations 541
The self: personality in the mirror 545
14 Social relationships 555
Social behaviour: interacting with people 556
Nonverbal communication 572
Reproduction 576
15 Social groups 591
Living in groups 592
Thinking about others 596
Influencing others 611
16 Psychological disorders 627
Identifying psychological disorders: What is abnormal? 629
Anxiety disorders: when fears take over 640
Dissociative disorders: going to pieces 647
Mood disorders: at the mercy of emotions 649
Schizophrenia: losing the grasp on reality 656
Personality disorders: going to extremes 663
17 Mental health 671
Treatment: historical perspective 671
Medical and biological treatments: healing the mind through the brain 674
Psychological therapies: healing the mind through interaction 679
Treatment effectiveness: for better or for worse 695
Environmental perspective: sources of stress 702
Stress reactions: all shook up 703
Stress management: dealing with it 707
Glossary 712
References 726
Name index 791
Subject index 794