BOOK
Coronary and Endovascular Stents, An Issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of the Interventional Cardiology Clinics, edited by Dr. Sahil Parikh, is entitled "Coronary and Endovascular Stents" and covers a wide array of topics. Subjects covered include, but are not limited to, a historical review of stent development; the rationale for stenting; principles of stent design; the role of stent composition and surface modification; endovascular drug delivery and drug elution systems; design and clinical considerations for BRS and endovascular stent grafts; the pathology of endovascular stents, and stent failures.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY CLINICS | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| CONTRIBUTORS | iii | ||
| EDITOR-IN-CHIEF | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| CONTENTS | v | ||
| Preface: Stent Design: Past, Present, and Future\r | v | ||
| The History of Coronary Stenting\r | v | ||
| Restenosis of the Coronary Arteries: Past, Present, Future Directions\r | v | ||
| The Systems Biocompatibility of Coronary Stenting\r | v | ||
| Endovascular Drug Delivery and Drug Elution Systems: First Principles\r | vi | ||
| Antiproliferative Drugs for Restenosis Prevention\r | vi | ||
| Contemporary Drug-Eluting Stent Platforms: Design, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy\r | vi | ||
| Design Principles of Bioresorbable Polymeric Scaffolds\r | vi | ||
| Bioresorbable Scaffolds: Clinical Outcomes and Considerations\r | vii | ||
| Design and Comparison of Large Vessel Stents: Balloon Expandable and Self-Expanding Peripheral Arterial Stents365 | vii | ||
| Design and Clinical Considerations for Endovascular Stent Grafts\r | vii | ||
| Pathology of Endovascular Stents\r | vii | ||
| Coronary Stent Failure: Fracture, Compression, Recoil, and Prolapse\r | viii | ||
| CORONARY AND ENDOVASCULAR STENTS | ix | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | ix | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | ix | ||
| PREFACE: Stent Design: Past, Present, and Future\r | xi | ||
| The History of Coronary Stenting | 271 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 271 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 271 | ||
| REFERENCES | 279 | ||
| Restenosis of the Coronary Arteries | 281 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 281 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 281 | ||
| Definition and Incidence | 281 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF RESTENOSIS | 282 | ||
| Normal Versus Pathologic Response to Arterial Injury | 282 | ||
| Endothelial Injury, Platelet Activation, Inflammation | 282 | ||
| Smooth Muscle Cell Migration, Proliferation, and Extracellular Matrix Formation | 282 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES OF RESTENOSIS | 284 | ||
| Predictors of Restenosis | 284 | ||
| Patterns of Restenosis | 285 | ||
| Time Course of Restenosis | 286 | ||
| PREVENTING RESTENOSIS: STENT EVOLUTION AND DESIGN | 286 | ||
| Drug Elution | 286 | ||
| Polymer and Elution Kinetics | 286 | ||
| Scaffold Redesign | 287 | ||
| TREATMENT OF RESTENOSIS | 288 | ||
| After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty | 288 | ||
| After Bare-Metal Stent | 288 | ||
| After Drug-Eluting Stent | 288 | ||
| Debulking and Other Plaque-Modifying Modalities | 288 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 289 | ||
| REFERENCES | 289 | ||
| The Systems Biocompatibility of Coronary Stenting | 295 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 295 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 295 | ||
| BARE METALS AND PASSIVE MATERIALS | 296 | ||
| Passive Coatings | 296 | ||
| Microscale and Macroscale Features | 297 | ||
| ACTIVE DRUG-ELUTING SURFACES | 299 | ||
| Durable Coatings | 299 | ||
| Polymer-Free and Bioresorbable Coatings | 301 | ||
| SYSTEMS BIOCOMPATIBILITY AND FULL BIORESORBTION IN THE TREND OF LOW-PROFILE DEVICES | 301 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 303 | ||
| REFERENCES | 303 | ||
| Endovascular Drug Delivery and Drug Elution Systems | 307 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 307 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 307 | ||
| TISSUE PHARMACOKINETICS CAN LIMIT DRUG EFFICACY | 307 | ||
| MECHANISMS CONTROLLING LOCAL DRUG RELEASE | 310 | ||
| DEVICE-BASED ENDOVASCULAR DRUG DELIVERY STRATEGIES | 310 | ||
| Durable Adherent Coatings | 310 | ||
| Biodegradable Adherent Coatings | 313 | ||
| Deployable Coatings | 313 | ||
| Polymer-free Coated Stents | 317 | ||
| Drug-filled Stents | 318 | ||
| SUMMARY/DISCUSSION | 319 | ||
| REFERENCES | 319 | ||
| Antiproliferative Drugs for Restenosis Prevention | 321 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 321 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 321 | ||
| MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN INHIBITORS | 322 | ||
| MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN INHIBITORS: SIROLIMUS AND ITS ANALOGUES | 323 | ||
| NEOATHEROSCLEROSIS | 325 | ||
| PACLITAXEL | 325 | ||
| NOVEL ANTI-RESTENOSIS AGENTS | 327 | ||
| SUMMARY | 327 | ||
| REFERENCES | 327 | ||
| Contemporary Drug-Eluting Stent Platforms | 331 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 331 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 331 | ||
| COMPONENT DESIGN | 332 | ||
| Metallic Stent Scaffold | 332 | ||
| Stent Polymer Coating | 333 | ||
| Released Antiproliferative Drug | 334 | ||
| COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE, CONTEMPORARY, FIRST-GENERATION DRUG-ELUTING STENT PLATFORMS | 334 | ||
| DEVICE-RELATED SAFETY OUTCOMES: INSIGHTS FROM MECHANICAL AND DEVICE INTEGRITY AND FAILURE | 336 | ||
| Stent Fracture | 336 | ||
| Longitudinal Deformation | 336 | ||
| Pathologic Correlates of Stent Fracture | 337 | ||
| Patient-Related Safety Outcomes: Insights from Clinical Experience | 337 | ||
| CLINICAL EFFICACY OF SPECIFIC STENT PLATFORMS | 337 | ||
| Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents | 337 | ||
| Zotarolimus-Eluting Stents | 338 | ||
| Everolimus-Eluting Stents | 339 | ||
| CLINICAL SAFETY AND EFFICACY IN SELECTED PATIENT POPULATIONS | 342 | ||
| Acute Myocardial Infarction | 342 | ||
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 343 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 343 | ||
| SUMMARY | 343 | ||
| REFERENCES | 343 | ||
| Design Principles of Bioresorbable Polymeric Scaffolds | 349 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 349 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 349 | ||
| Mechanisms for Polymeric Degradation | 350 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION | 350 | ||
| Revascularization | 350 | ||
| Restoration | 351 | ||
| Resorption | 352 | ||
| SUMMARY | 353 | ||
| REFERENCES | 354 | ||
| Bioresorbable Scaffolds | 357 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 357 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 357 | ||
| CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CURRENT-GENERATION BIORESORBABLE SCAFFOLDS | 358 | ||
| Absorb | 358 | ||
| DESolve | 360 | ||
| ART | 360 | ||
| Fortitude | 360 | ||
| NeoVas | 360 | ||
| Mirage | 361 | ||
| MeRes | 361 | ||
| Xinsorb | 361 | ||
| Fantom | 361 | ||
| DREAMS | 361 | ||
| QUO VADIS, BIORESORBABLE SCAFFOLD? | 361 | ||
| SUMMARY | 362 | ||
| REFERENCES | 362 | ||
| Design and Comparison of Large Vessel Stents | 365 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 365 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 365 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | 366 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: THREE-DIMENSIONAL PROPERTIES | 366 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: HEMODYNAMICS AND FLOW MODIFICATION | 367 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: ALLOYS AND CORROSION | 370 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: ASSOCIATED MATERIALS | 371 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: COATINGS | 371 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: RADIO-OPACITY | 371 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: FABRICATION | 371 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: GEOMETRY | 372 | ||
| Individual Rings | 372 | ||
| Sequential Rings | 372 | ||
| Woven | 373 | ||
| Helical | 373 | ||
| Coil | 373 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: STRUT THICKNESS | 373 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: NUMBER OF STRUTS | 373 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: FLEXIBILITY, TRACKING, AND CONFORMABILITY | 373 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: RADIAL AND LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH | 374 | ||
| STENT DESIGN: DRUGS AND DELIVERY | 374 | ||
| Bare Metal Versus Drug-eluting Peripheral Stents | 375 | ||
| STENT DEPLOYMENT | 375 | ||
| Balloon-Expandable | 375 | ||
| Self-Expanding | 376 | ||
| Vascular Mimetic | 377 | ||
| The Perfect Stent | 378 | ||
| SUMMARY | 378 | ||
| REFERENCES | 378 | ||
| Design and Clinical Considerations for Endovascular Stent Grafts | 381 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 381 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 381 | ||
| THE FIRST ENDOVASCULAR AORTIC ANEURYSM REPAIRS | 382 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF ENDOVASCULAR AORTIC ANEURYSM REPAIR TECHNIQUE | 382 | ||
| DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF ENDOVASCULAR STENT GRAFTS | 382 | ||
| CLINICAL AND ANATOMIC CONSIDERATIONS/LIMITATIONS | 383 | ||
| CURRENT ENDOVASCULAR STENT GRAFTS COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE (IN THE UNITED STATES) | 383 | ||
| MODERN ADVANCES: PARALLEL STENTS, FENESTRATED ENDOVASCULAR ANEURYSM REPAIR, AND OTHER NEW DEVICES | 383 | ||
| TROUBLESHOOTING/COMPLICATIONS | 387 | ||
| SUMMARY | 388 | ||
| REFERENCES | 388 | ||
| Pathology of Endovascular Stents | 391 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 391 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 391 | ||
| NATIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE | 391 | ||
| PATHOLOGY OF BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY | 392 | ||
| PATHOLOGY OF BARE METAL STENTS | 392 | ||
| PATHOLOGY OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS: IN-STENT RESTENOSIS | 393 | ||
| NEOATHEROSCLEROSIS | 394 | ||
| PATHOLOGY OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS: LATE IN-STENT THROMBOSIS | 396 | ||
| SECOND-GENERATION DRUG-ELUTING STENTS | 397 | ||
| NEXT-GENERATION STENTS AND SCAFFOLDS | 397 | ||
| SUMMARY | 398 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 398 | ||
| REFERENCES | 398 | ||
| Coronary Stent Failure | 405 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 405 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 405 | ||
| CORONARY STENT FRACTURE | 405 | ||
| Mechanisms of Coronary Stent Fracture | 405 | ||
| Classification of Coronary Stent Fractures | 406 | ||
| Clinical Implications of Coronary Stent Fracture | 406 | ||
| Treatment of Coronary Stent Fracture | 407 | ||
| Summary | 407 | ||
| LONGITUDINAL STENT DEFORMATION | 407 | ||
| Mechanisms and Classification of Longitudinal Stent Deformation | 408 | ||
| Clinical Impact and Treatment of Longitudinal Stent Deformation | 409 | ||
| Summary | 409 | ||
| STENT RECOIL | 410 | ||
| Acute Versus Chronic Stent Recoil | 410 | ||
| Clinical Impact and Treatment of Stent Recoil | 411 | ||
| TISSUE PROLAPSE | 411 | ||
| Incidence and Causes of Tissue Prolapse | 411 | ||
| Clinical Impact and Treatment of Tissue Prolapse | 411 | ||
| Summary | 411 | ||
| SUMMARY | 412 | ||
| REFERENCES | 412 |