BOOK
Minimally Invasive Rejuvenation of the Face and Neck, An Issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery, guest edited by Dr. Kenneth Rothaus, is devoted to Minimally Invasive Plastic Surgery for the Aging Face. Articles in this issue include: How I Incorporate Minimally Invasive Procedures in My Practice; The Science of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers; Hyaluronics; Synthetic Fillers; Fat, Stem Cells, and Platelet Rich Plasma; Neurotoxins; Mesotherapy; Laser Physics, Safety, Indications, and Use; Lasers and Intense Pulsed Light Devices; Fractional Lasers; Light-Emitting Diode and Low-Level Light Lasers; The Science of Radiofrequency Devices; Aesthetic Applications of Radiofrequency Devices; Ultrasound Devices for Skin Tightening; Minimally Invasive Lasers; Minimally Invasive Radiofrequency Devices; Energy Plus Microneedles; Microneedles; Topicals; and Sun Protection.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Minimally Invasive Rejuvenation of the Face and Neck\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface: Minimally Invasive Procedures: Essential Tools for the Aesthetic Surgeon\r | v | ||
| Incorporating Minimally Invasive Procedures into an Aesthetic Surgery Practice\r | v | ||
| Injectables | v | ||
| Overview of Botulinum Toxins for Aesthetic Uses\r | v | ||
| Fat, Stem Cells, and Platelet-Rich Plasma\r | v | ||
| Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Science and Clinical Uses\r | v | ||
| Synthetic Fillers for Facial Rejuvenation\r | vi | ||
| Devices | vi | ||
| Basics of Lasers: History, Physics, and Clinical Applications\r | vi | ||
| Laser Resurfacing: Full Field and Fractional\r | vi | ||
| Subsurface Laser and Radiofrequency for Face and Body Rejuvenation\r | vi | ||
| Intense Pulsed Light Therapy for Skin Rejuvenation\r | vii | ||
| Low Level Light Therapy with Light-Emitting Diodes for the Aging Face\r | vii | ||
| Radiofrequency Physics for Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Surgery\r | vii | ||
| Aesthetic Applications of Radiofrequency Devices\r | vii | ||
| Minimally Invasive Radiofrequency Devices\r | vii | ||
| Microfocused Ultrasound for Skin Tightening\r | viii | ||
| Peels, Topicals and Microneedles | viii | ||
| Mesotherapy, Microneedling, and Chemical Peels\r | viii | ||
| Topical Products for the Aging Face\r | viii | ||
| Sun Protection: Current Management Strategies Addressing UV Exposure\r | viii | ||
| CLINICS IN PLASTIC SURGERY\r | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| October 2016 | x | ||
| January 2017 | x | ||
| April 2017 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| April 2016 | x | ||
| January 2016 | x | ||
| October 2015 | x | ||
| Preface: Minimally Invasive Procedures: Essential Tools for the Aesthetic Surgeon\r | xi | ||
| Incorporating Minimally Invasive Procedures into an Aesthetic Surgery Practice | 449 | ||
| Key points | 449 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 449 | ||
| BOTULINUM TOXIN | 450 | ||
| How Neurotoxins Are Used in the Authors’ Practice | 450 | ||
| SOFT TISSUE FILLER AUGMENTATION | 451 | ||
| How Fillers Are Used in the Authors’ Practice | 452 | ||
| LASER SKIN CARE | 453 | ||
| How Lasers Are Used in the Authors’ Practice | 454 | ||
| DEOXYCHOLIC ACID INJECTIONS | 454 | ||
| How Kybella Is Used in the Authors’ Practice | 455 | ||
| Silhouette InstaLift | 455 | ||
| DISCUSSION/SUMMARY | 455 | ||
| REFERENCES | 456 | ||
| Overview of Botulinum Toxins for Aesthetic Uses | 459 | ||
| Key points | 459 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 459 | ||
| HISTORY | 459 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGY | 460 | ||
| PRODUCT COMPOSITION/AVAILABLE PRODUCTS | 460 | ||
| STORAGE AND RECONSTITUTION | 460 | ||
| DURATION OF EFFECT | 461 | ||
| BOTULINUM TOXIN INJECTION IN THE FACE | 461 | ||
| General Injection Guidelines | 461 | ||
| TREATMENT OF THE UPPER FACE | 461 | ||
| Transverse Forehead Rhytides | 461 | ||
| Fat, Stem Cells, and Platelet-Rich Plasma | 473 | ||
| Key points | 473 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 473 | ||
| HISTORY OF FAT GRAFTING | 473 | ||
| ADIPOSE STEM CELLS | 474 | ||
| Adipose Stem Cells History and Biology | 474 | ||
| Isolating Adipose Stem Cells | 474 | ||
| Clinical Use of Adipose Stem Cells: Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer | 474 | ||
| Platelet-Rich Plasma | 475 | ||
| EMERGING STRATEGIES | 475 | ||
| MANY ADVERTISED STEM CELL THERAPIES HAVE NONVALIDATED CLAIMS | 476 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION, INDICATIONS, AND CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR AESTHETIC FAT GRAFTING | 476 | ||
| The Aging Face | 476 | ||
| Aesthetic Recontouring in Younger Patients | 476 | ||
| Reconstruction of Congenital or Trauma-Related Defects | 477 | ||
| Drug-Related Lipodystrophy | 477 | ||
| Improvement in Scar Appearance and Skin Quality | 477 | ||
| Contraindications | 477 | ||
| TECHNIQUES | 477 | ||
| Overview | 477 | ||
| Donor Site Selection and Preparation | 477 | ||
| Fat Harvest | 477 | ||
| Processing | 479 | ||
| Placement | 479 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 481 | ||
| Complications and Follow-up | 481 | ||
| SUMMARY | 483 | ||
| REFERENCES | 484 | ||
| Hyaluronic Acid Fillers | 489 | ||
| Key points | 489 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 489 | ||
| HYALURONIC ACID FILLER COMPOSITION | 489 | ||
| PATIENT ASSESSMENT | 490 | ||
| ETHNIC AND GENDER CONSIDERATIONS | 490 | ||
| INJECTION PREPARATION AND TECHNIQUE | 490 | ||
| PRODUCT COMPOSITION AND AVAILABLE PRODUCTS | 491 | ||
| Juvederm Ultra, Juvederm Ultra Plus, and Voluma | 491 | ||
| Restylane, Restylane Silk, and Restylane Lyft | 491 | ||
| Belotero Balance | 491 | ||
| DURATION OF EFFECT | 491 | ||
| FACIAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES | 492 | ||
| Forehead Lines | 492 | ||
| Temples | 492 | ||
| Superior Orbital Rim | 492 | ||
| Glabella | 492 | ||
| Crow’s Feet | 492 | ||
| Upper Eyelid | 492 | ||
| Tear Troughs and Lower Eyelid Bags | 492 | ||
| Earlobes | 492 | ||
| Malar | 492 | ||
| Submalar and Cheek Hollowness | 493 | ||
| Nose | 493 | ||
| Lips | 493 | ||
| Peri Oral, Lip Lines, and Downturned Lip Corners | 493 | ||
| Nasolabial Folds | 493 | ||
| Marionette Lines | 494 | ||
| Jaw Line, Prejowl Sulcus, and Chin | 494 | ||
| SAFETY OF HYALURONIC ACID FILLERS | 494 | ||
| SUMMARY | 496 | ||
| REFERENCES | 496 | ||
| Synthetic Fillers for Facial Rejuvenation | 497 | ||
| Key points | 497 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 497 | ||
| CALCIUM HYDROXYAPATITE | 497 | ||
| POLY-L-LACTIC ACID | 498 | ||
| POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE | 500 | ||
| SILICONE | 502 | ||
| SUMMARY | 502 | ||
| REFERENCES | 502 | ||
| Basics of Lasers | 505 | ||
| Key points | 505 | ||
| INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY | 505 | ||
| GENERALIZED LASER PHYSICS | 506 | ||
| Basics of Optics | 506 | ||
| Laser Device | 506 | ||
| Laser Beam | 506 | ||
| Monochromatic | 507 | ||
| Coherent | 507 | ||
| Collimated | 507 | ||
| Laser-Tissue Interactions | 507 | ||
| Absorption | 509 | ||
| Reflection | 509 | ||
| Scatter | 509 | ||
| Transmission | 509 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND VARIABLES | 511 | ||
| LASER SAFETY | 512 | ||
| SUMMARY | 513 | ||
| REFERENCES | 513 | ||
| Laser Resurfacing | 515 | ||
| Key points | 515 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 515 | ||
| HISTORY | 515 | ||
| Full Field Resurfacing | 515 | ||
| Fractional Resurfacing | 517 | ||
| PATIENT SELECTION | 519 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF TREATMENT STRATEGY | 520 | ||
| Laser Safety | 520 | ||
| Absolute Contraindications | 520 | ||
| Active infection | 520 | ||
| Appendageal abnormality | 521 | ||
| Skin grafts | 521 | ||
| Extensive electrolysis | 521 | ||
| Relative Contraindications | 521 | ||
| Unrealistic expectations | 521 | ||
| Keloid or scarring history | 521 | ||
| Regional resurfacing in darker-skinned individuals | 521 | ||
| Previous deep chemical peel | 521 | ||
| History of cold sores | 521 | ||
| Laser Treatment | 521 | ||
| Pretreatment and Posttreatment Regimens | 521 | ||
| Complications and Treatment | 522 | ||
| Infection | 522 | ||
| Erythema | 522 | ||
| Skin eruptions | 522 | ||
| Telangiectasia | 522 | ||
| Dermatitis | 523 | ||
| Hypopigmentation | 523 | ||
| Hyperpigmentation | 523 | ||
| Scarring | 523 | ||
| Ectropion | 524 | ||
| Synechia | 524 | ||
| REFERENCES | 524 | ||
| Subsurface Laser and Radiofrequency for Face and Body Rejuvenation | 527 | ||
| Key points | 527 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 527 | ||
| PATIENT SELECTION | 528 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF TREATMENT STRATEGY | 529 | ||
| Laser and Radiofrequency Safety | 529 | ||
| Indications | 530 | ||
| MINIMALLY INVASIVE LASER AND RADIOFREQUENCY TECHNIQUE | 530 | ||
| Treatment Protocols | 530 | ||
| Laser-assisted liposuction | 530 | ||
| Laser cellulite treatment | 530 | ||
| Laser neck treatment | 531 | ||
| Radiofrequency tightening procedure | 531 | ||
| Radiofrequency nerve treatment of muscles | 532 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND TREATMENT | 533 | ||
| SUMMARY | 533 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 533 | ||
| REFERENCES | 533 | ||
| Intense Pulsed Light Therapy for Skin Rejuvenation | 535 | ||
| Key points | 535 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 535 | ||
| PATIENT SELECTION | 536 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF TREATMENT STRATEGY | 537 | ||
| Laser Safety\r | 537 | ||
| Indications | 537 | ||
| INTENSE PULSED LIGHT TECHNIQUE | 539 | ||
| Treatment Protocol | 539 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND TREATMENT | 539 | ||
| SUMMARY | 539 | ||
| REFERENCES | 539 | ||
| Low Level Light Therapy with Light-Emitting Diodes for the Aging Face | 541 | ||
| Key points | 541 | ||
| LOW LEVEL LIGHT THERAPY | 541 | ||
| Photons and Photon Intensity | 541 | ||
| Photoactivation Versus Photodestruction | 541 | ||
| What Systems Can Deliver Low Level Light Therapy? | 542 | ||
| THE LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE | 542 | ||
| What Is a Light-Emitting Diode? | 542 | ||
| WHY SHOULD LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES BE USED IN PHOTOTHERAPY SYSTEMS? | 543 | ||
| IMPORTANCE OF PARAMETERS | 543 | ||
| IMPORTANCE OF WAVELENGTH | 544 | ||
| Absorption Versus Penetration | 544 | ||
| LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE–LOW LEVEL LIGHT THERAPY MECHANISM OF ACTION | 546 | ||
| POWER DENSITY AND ENERGY DENSITY | 546 | ||
| Power Density | 546 | ||
| Energy Density | 546 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE–LOW LEVEL LIGHT THERAPY FOR THE PLASTIC SURGEON | 546 | ||
| Light-Emitting Diode–Low Level Light Therapy as a Stand-alone Modality for the Aging Face | 548 | ||
| 830-nm Light-Emitting Diode–Low Level Light Therapy as an Adjunctive Modality | 548 | ||
| SUMMARY | 550 | ||
| REFERENCES | 550 | ||
| Radiofrequency Physics for Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Surgery | 551 | ||
| Key points | 551 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 551 | ||
| BIOPHYSICS | 551 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS | 552 | ||
| Immediate | 552 | ||
| Delayed | 552 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 552 | ||
| RADIOFREQUENCY TECHNOLOGIES | 553 | ||
| Monopolar Devices | 555 | ||
| Bipolar Devices | 555 | ||
| Fractional Devices | 555 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 555 | ||
| REFERENCES | 555 | ||
| Aesthetic Applications of Radiofrequency Devices | 557 | ||
| Key points | 557 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 557 | ||
| MONOPOLAR RADIOFREQUENCY | 558 | ||
| BIPOLAR RADIOFREQUENCY | 559 | ||
| MULTIPOLAR RADIOFREQUENCY | 561 | ||
| MULTIGENERATOR RADIOFREQUENCY | 563 | ||
| SUMMARY | 564 | ||
| REFERENCES | 564 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Radiofrequency Devices | 567 | ||
| Key points | 567 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 567 | ||
| FRACTIONAL RADIOFREQUENCY | 567 | ||
| MICRONEEDLE RADIOFREQUENCY | 570 | ||
| TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLED RADIOFREQUENCY | 573 | ||
| SUMMARY | 574 | ||
| REFERENCES | 575 | ||
| Microfocused Ultrasound for Skin Tightening | 577 | ||
| Key points | 577 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 577 | ||
| COLLAGEN DENATURATION AND NEOCOLLAGENESIS | 577 | ||
| MECHANISM OF ACTION | 577 | ||
| ULTHERA MICROFOCUSED ULTRASOUND SYSTEM | 577 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 578 | ||
| HISTOLOGIC STUDIES | 578 | ||
| TREATMENT TIMES | 578 | ||
| PRETREATMENT | 578 | ||
| SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS | 578 | ||
| Face and Neck | 578 | ||
| Periorbital Region | 578 | ||
| Nasolabial Folds and Jaw Line | 578 | ||
| Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System | 579 | ||
| Buttocks | 579 | ||
| Arms, Thigh, and Knee Skin | 579 | ||
| Non-Caucasian Ethnic Groups and Skin Types | 580 | ||
| Pain and Comfort Management | 580 | ||
| Recovery and Down Time | 580 | ||
| Side Effects and Complications | 580 | ||
| RESULTS | 580 | ||
| Duration of Results | 581 | ||
| Physician Oversight | 581 | ||
| TREATMENT PROTOCOL VARIATION | 581 | ||
| Other Treatment Options | 581 | ||
| SUMMARY | 582 | ||
| REFERENCES | 582 | ||
| Mesotherapy, Microneedling, and Chemical Peels | 583 | ||
| Key points | 583 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 583 | ||
| MESOTHERAPY | 584 | ||
| Classic Mesotherapy | 584 | ||
| Injection Lipolysis | 584 | ||
| Complications | 585 | ||
| MICRONEEDLING | 585 | ||
| Equipment | 587 | ||
| Technique | 587 | ||
| Postprocedural Care | 588 | ||
| Complications | 588 | ||
| CHEMICAL PEELS | 588 | ||
| α-Hydroxy Acids and β-Hydroxy Acids | 589 | ||
| Jessner Solution, Retinoids, and Blended Peels | 589 | ||
| Trichloroacetic Acid | 590 | ||
| Phenol-Croton Oil | 591 | ||
| SUMMARY | 592 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 592 | ||
| REFERENCES | 592 | ||
| Topical Products for the Aging Face | 597 | ||
| Key points | 597 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 597 | ||
| PATIENT PROFILE AND TOPICAL COSMECEUTICAL PRODUCT PERFORMANCE | 598 | ||
| TOPICAL COSMECEUTICAL TREATMENTS FOR THE AGING FACE: CORE TECHNOLOGIES | 599 | ||
| TOPICAL COSMECEUTICAL VEHICLES | 599 | ||
| Moisturizing Vehicles | 599 | ||
| ANTIAGING TOPICAL COSMECEUTICALS | 599 | ||
| Retinoids | 599 | ||
| Antioxidants | 600 | ||
| Alpha-Hydroxy Acids and Polyhydroxy Acids | 601 | ||
| Peptides and Biologicals | 601 | ||
| Plant and Marine Extracts | 601 | ||
| PRODUCT TESTING: CLINICAL EFFICACY | 601 | ||
| SUMMARY/DISCUSSION | 602 | ||
| REFERENCES | 603 | ||
| Sun Protection: Current Management Strategies Addressing UV Exposure | 605 | ||
| Key points | 605 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 605 | ||
| PHOTOAGING FROM SUN EXPOSURE | 605 | ||
| CANCERS ASSOCIATED WITH SUN EXPOSURE | 605 | ||
| DAMAGE FROM ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION | 606 | ||
| SUNSCREEN | 606 | ||
| History | 606 | ||
| Mechanism | 606 | ||
| Organic Filters | 606 | ||
| Inorganic Filters | 607 | ||
| Regulation | 607 | ||
| New Products | 608 | ||
| Awareness | 608 | ||
| Limitations of Sunscreen | 609 | ||
| SUMMARY | 609 | ||
| REFERENCES | 609 | ||
| Index | 611 |