Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
For database systems courses in Computer Science
This book introduces the fundamental concepts necessary for designing, using, and implementing database systems and database applications. Our presentation stresses the fundamentals of database modeling and design, the languages and models provided by the database management systems, and database system implementation techniques.
The book is meant to be used as a textbook for a one- or two-semester course in database systems at the junior, senior, or graduate level, and as a reference book. The goal is to provide an in-depth and up-to-date presentation of the most important aspects of database systems and applications, and related technologies. It is assumed that readers are familiar with elementary programming and data-structuring concepts and that they have had some exposure to the basics of computer organization.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Title Page | 3 | ||
| Copyright Page | 4 | ||
| Contents | 17 | ||
| Preface | 7 | ||
| About the Authors | 30 | ||
| Part 1 Introduction to Databases | 31 | ||
| Chapter 1 Databases and Database Users | 33 | ||
| 1.1 Introduction | 34 | ||
| 1.2 An Example | 36 | ||
| 1.3 Characteristics of the Database Approach | 40 | ||
| 1.4 Actors on the Scene | 45 | ||
| 1.5 Workers behind the Scene | 47 | ||
| 1.6 Advantages of Using the DBMS Approach | 47 | ||
| 1.7 A Brief History of Database Applications | 53 | ||
| 1.8 When Not to Use a DBMS | 57 | ||
| 1.9 Summary | 57 | ||
| Review Questions | 58 | ||
| Exercises | 58 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 59 | ||
| Chapter 2 Database System Concepts and Architecture | 61 | ||
| 2.1 Data Models, Schemas, and Instances | 62 | ||
| 2.2 Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence | 66 | ||
| 2.3 Database Languages and Interfaces | 68 | ||
| 2.4 The Database System Environment | 72 | ||
| 2.5 Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for DBMSs | 76 | ||
| 2.6 Classification of Database Management Systems | 81 | ||
| 2.7 Summary | 84 | ||
| Review Questions | 85 | ||
| Exercises | 85 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 86 | ||
| Part 2 Conceptual Data Modeling and Database Design | 87 | ||
| Chapter 3 Data Modeling Using the Entity–Relationship (ER) Model | 89 | ||
| 3.1 Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design | 90 | ||
| 3.2 A Sample Database Application | 92 | ||
| 3.3 Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys | 93 | ||
| 3.4 Relationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural Constraints | 102 | ||
| 3.5 Weak Entity Types | 109 | ||
| 3.6 Refining the ER Design for the COMPANY Database | 110 | ||
| 3.7 ER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design Issues | 111 | ||
| 3.8 Example of Other Notation: UML Class Diagrams | 115 | ||
| 3.9 Relationship Types of Degree Higher than Two | 118 | ||
| 3.10 Another Example: A UNIVERSITY Database | 122 | ||
| 3.11 Summary | 124 | ||
| Review Questions | 126 | ||
| Exercises | 126 | ||
| Laboratory Exercises | 133 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 134 | ||
| Chapter 4 The Enhanced Entity–Relationship (EER) Model | 137 | ||
| 4.1 Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance | 138 | ||
| 4.2 Specialization and Generalization | 140 | ||
| 4.3 Constraints and Characteristics of Specialization and Generalization Hierarchies | 143 | ||
| 4.4 Modeling of UNION Types Using Categories | 150 | ||
| 4.5 A Sample UNIVERSITY EER Schema, Design Choices, and Formal Definitions | 152 | ||
| 4.6 Example of Other Notation: Representing Specialization and Generalization in UML Class Diagrams | 157 | ||
| 4.7 Data Abstraction, Knowledge Representation, and Ontology Concepts | 158 | ||
| 4.8 Summary | 165 | ||
| Review Questions | 165 | ||
| Exercises | 166 | ||
| Laboratory Exercises | 173 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 176 | ||
| Part 3 The Relational Data Model and SQL | 177 | ||
| Chapter 5 The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints | 179 | ||
| 5.1 Relational Model Concepts | 180 | ||
| 5.2 Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schemas | 187 | ||
| 5.3 Update Operations, Transactions, and Dealing with Constraint Violations | 195 | ||
| 5.4 Summary | 199 | ||
| Review Questions | 200 | ||
| Exercises | 200 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 205 | ||
| Chapter 6 Basic SQL | 207 | ||
| 6.1 SQL Data Definition and Data Types | 209 | ||
| 6.2 Specifying Constraints in SQL | 214 | ||
| 6.3 Basic Retrieval Queries in SQL | 217 | ||
| 6.4 INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE Statements in SQL | 228 | ||
| 6.5 Additional Features of SQL | 231 | ||
| 6.6 Summary | 232 | ||
| Review Questions | 233 | ||
| Exercises | 233 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 236 | ||
| Chapter 7 More SQL: Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, and Schema Modification | 237 | ||
| 7.1 More Complex SQL Retrieval Queries | 237 | ||
| 7.2 Specifying Constraints as Assertions and Actions as Triggers | 255 | ||
| 7.3 Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL | 258 | ||
| 7.4 Schema Change Statements in SQL | 262 | ||
| 7.5 Summary | 264 | ||
| Review Questions | 266 | ||
| Exercises | 266 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 268 | ||
| Chapter 8 The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus | 269 | ||
| 8.1 Unary Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT | 271 | ||
| 8.2 Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory | 276 | ||
| 8.3 Binary Relational Operations: JOIN and DIVISION | 281 | ||
| 8.4 Additional Relational Operations | 289 | ||
| 8.5 Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra | 295 | ||
| 8.6 The Tuple Relational Calculus | 298 | ||
| 8.7 The Domain Relational Calculus | 307 | ||
| 8.8 Summary | 309 | ||
| Review Questions | 310 | ||
| Exercises | 311 | ||
| Laboratory Exercises | 316 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 318 | ||
| Chapter 9 Relational Database Design by ER- and EER-to-Relational Mapping | 319 | ||
| 9.1 Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping | 320 | ||
| 9.2 Mapping EER Model Constructs to Relations | 328 | ||
| 9.3 Summary | 333 | ||
| Review Questions | 333 | ||
| Exercises | 333 | ||
| Laboratory Exercises | 335 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 336 | ||
| Part 4 Database Programming Techniques | 337 | ||
| Chapter 10 Introduction to SQL Programming Techniques | 339 | ||
| 10.1 Overview of Database Programming Techniques and Issues | 340 | ||
| 10.2 Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL, and SQLJ | 344 | ||
| 10.3 Database Programming with Function Calls and Class Libraries: SQL/CLI and JDBC | 356 | ||
| 10.4 Database Stored Procedures and SQL/PSM | 365 | ||
| 10.5 Comparing the Three Approaches | 368 | ||
| 10.6 Summary | 369 | ||
| Review Questions | 370 | ||
| Exercises | 370 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 371 | ||
| Chapter 11 Web Database Programming Using PHP | 373 | ||
| 11.1 A Simple PHP Example | 374 | ||
| 11.2 Overview of Basic Features of PHP | 376 | ||
| 11.3 Overview of PHP Database Programming | 383 | ||
| 11.4 Brief Overview of Java Technologies for Database Web Programming | 388 | ||
| 11.5 Summary | 388 | ||
| Review Questions | 389 | ||
| Exercises | 389 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 389 | ||
| Part 5 Object, Object-Relational, and XML: Concepts, Models, Languages, and Standards | 391 | ||
| Chapter 12 Object and Object-Relational Databases | 393 | ||
| 12.1 Overview of Object Database Concepts | 395 | ||
| 12.2 Object Database Extensions to SQL | 409 | ||
| 12.3 The ODMG Object Model and the Object Definition Language ODL | 416 | ||
| 12.4 Object Database Conceptual Design | 435 | ||
| 12.5 The Object Query Language OQL | 438 | ||
| 12.6 Overview of the C++ Language Binding in the ODMG Standard | 447 | ||
| 12.7 Summary | 448 | ||
| Review Questions | 450 | ||
| Exercises | 451 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 452 | ||
| Chapter 13 XML: Extensible Markup Language | 455 | ||
| 13.1 Structured, Semistructured, and Unstructured Data | 456 | ||
| 13.2 XML Hierarchical (Tree) Data Model | 460 | ||
| 13.3 XML Documents, DTD, and XML Schema | 463 | ||
| 13.4 Storing and Extracting XML Documents from Databases | 472 | ||
| 13.5 XML Languages | 473 | ||
| 13.6 Extracting XML Documents from Relational Databases | 477 | ||
| 13.7 XML/SQL: SQL Functions for Creating XML Data | 483 | ||
| 13.8 Summary | 485 | ||
| Review Questions | 486 | ||
| Exercises | 486 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 486 | ||
| Part 6 Database Design Theory and Normalization | 487 | ||
| Chapter 14 Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases | 489 | ||
| 14.1 Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas | 491 | ||
| 14.2 Functional Dependencies | 501 | ||
| 14.3 Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys | 504 | ||
| 14.4 General Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms | 513 | ||
| 14.5 Boyce-Codd Normal Form | 517 | ||
| 14.6 Multivalued Dependency and Fourth Normal Form | 521 | ||
| 14.7 Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form | 524 | ||
| 14.8 Summary | 525 | ||
| Review Questions | 526 | ||
| Exercises | 527 | ||
| Laboratory Exercises | 531 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 532 | ||
| Chapter 15 Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies | 533 | ||
| 15.1 Further Topics in Functional Dependencies: Inference Rules, Equivalence, and Minimal Cover | 535 | ||
| 15.2 Properties of Relational Decompositions | 543 | ||
| 15.3 Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design | 549 | ||
| 15.4 About Nulls, Dangling Tuples, and Alternative Relational Designs | 553 | ||
| 15.5 Further Discussion of Multivalued Dependencies and 4NF | 557 | ||
| 15.6 Other Dependencies and Normal Forms | 560 | ||
| 15.7 Summary | 563 | ||
| Review Questions | 564 | ||
| Exercises | 565 | ||
| Laboratory Exercises | 566 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 567 | ||
| Part 7 File Structures, Hashing, Indexing, and Physical Database Design | 569 | ||
| Chapter 16 Disk Storage, Basic File Structures, Hashing, and Modern Storage Architectures | 571 | ||
| 16.1 Introduction | 572 | ||
| 16.2 Secondary Storage Devices | 577 | ||
| 16.3 Buffering of Blocks | 586 | ||
| 16.4 Placing File Records on Disk | 590 | ||
| 16.5 Operations on Files | 594 | ||
| 16.6 Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files) | 597 | ||
| 16.7 Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files) | 598 | ||
| 16.8 Hashing Techniques | 602 | ||
| 16.9 Other Primary File Organizations | 612 | ||
| 16.10 Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology | 614 | ||
| 16.11 Modern Storage Architectures | 618 | ||
| 16.12 Summary | 622 | ||
| Review Questions | 623 | ||
| Exercises | 625 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 628 | ||
| Chapter 17 Indexing Structures for Files and Physical Database Design | 631 | ||
| 17.1 Types of Single-Level Ordered Indexes | 632 | ||
| 17.2 Multilevel Indexes | 643 | ||
| 17.3 Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees + and B -Trees | 647 | ||
| 17.4 Indexes on Multiple Keys | 661 | ||
| 17.5 Other Types of Indexes | 663 | ||
| 17.6 Some General Issues Concerning Indexing | 668 | ||
| 17.7 Physical Database Design in Relational Databases | 673 | ||
| 17.8 Summary | 676 | ||
| Review Questions | 677 | ||
| Exercises | 678 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 680 | ||
| Part 8 Query Processing and Optimization | 683 | ||
| Chapter 18 Strategies for Query Processing | 685 | ||
| 18.1 Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra and Other Operators | 687 | ||
| 18.2 Algorithms for External Sorting | 690 | ||
| 18.3 Algorithms for SELECT Operation | 693 | ||
| 18.4 Implementing the JOIN Operation | 698 | ||
| 18.5 Algorithms for PROJECT and Set Operations | 706 | ||
| 18.6 Implementing Aggregate Operations and Different Types of JOINs | 708 | ||
| 18.7 Combining Operations Using Pipelining | 711 | ||
| 18.8 Parallel Algorithms for Query Processing | 713 | ||
| 18.9 Summary | 718 | ||
| Review Questions | 718 | ||
| Exercises | 719 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 720 | ||
| Chapter 19 Query Optimization | 721 | ||
| 19.1 Query Trees and Heuristics for Query Optimization | 722 | ||
| 19.2 Choice of Query Execution Plans | 731 | ||
| 19.3 Use of Selectivities in Cost-Based Optimization | 740 | ||
| 19.4 Cost Functions for SELECT Operation | 744 | ||
| 19.5 Cost Functions for the JOIN Operation | 747 | ||
| 19.6 Example to Illustrate Cost-Based Query Optimization | 756 | ||
| 19.7 Additional Issues Related to Query Optimization | 758 | ||
| 19.8 An Example of Query Optimization in Data Warehouses | 761 | ||
| 19.9 Overview of Query Optimization in Oracle | 763 | ||
| 19.10 Semantic Query Optimization | 767 | ||
| 19.11 Summary | 768 | ||
| Review Questions | 769 | ||
| Exercises | 770 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 770 | ||
| Part 9 Transaction Processing, Concurrency Control, and Recovery | 773 | ||
| Chapter 20 Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory | 775 | ||
| 20.1 Introduction to Transaction Processing | 776 | ||
| 20.2 Transaction and System Concepts | 783 | ||
| 20.3 Desirable Properties of Transactions | 787 | ||
| 20.4 Characterizing Schedules Based on Recoverability | 789 | ||
| 20.5 Characterizing Schedules Based on Serializability | 793 | ||
| 20.6 Transaction Support in SQL | 803 | ||
| 20.7 Summary | 806 | ||
| Review Questions | 807 | ||
| Exercises | 807 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 809 | ||
| Chapter 21 Concurrency Control Techniques | 811 | ||
| 21.1 Two-Phase Locking Techniques for Concurrency Control | 812 | ||
| 21.2 Concurrency Control Based on Timestamp Ordering | 822 | ||
| 21.3 Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques | 825 | ||
| 21.4 Validation (Optimistic) Techniques and Snapshot Isolation Concurrency Control | 828 | ||
| 21.5 Granularity of Data Items and Multiple Granularity Locking | 830 | ||
| 21.6 Using Locks for Concurrency Control in Indexes | 835 | ||
| 21.7 Other Concurrency Control Issues | 836 | ||
| 21.8 Summary | 837 | ||
| Review Questions | 838 | ||
| Exercises | 839 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 840 | ||
| Chapter 22 Database Recovery Techniques | 843 | ||
| 22.1 Recovery Concepts | 844 | ||
| 22.2 NO-UNDO/REDO Recovery Based on Deferred Update | 851 | ||
| 22.3 Recovery Techniques Based on Immediate Update | 853 | ||
| 22.4 Shadow Paging | 856 | ||
| 22.5 The ARIES Recovery Algorithm | 857 | ||
| 22.6 Recovery in Multidatabase Systems | 861 | ||
| 22.7 Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures | 862 | ||
| 22.8 Summary | 863 | ||
| Review Questions | 864 | ||
| Exercises | 865 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 868 | ||
| Part 10 Distributed Databases, NOSQL Systems, and Big Data | 869 | ||
| Chapter 23 Distributed Database Concepts | 871 | ||
| 23.1 Distributed Database Concepts | 872 | ||
| 23.2 Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for Distributed Database Design | 877 | ||
| 23.3 Overview of Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed Databases | 884 | ||
| 23.4 Overview of Transaction Management in Distributed Databases | 887 | ||
| 23.5 Query Processing and Optimization in Distributed Databases | 889 | ||
| 23.6 Types of Distributed Database Systems | 895 | ||
| 23.7 Distributed Database Architectures | 898 | ||
| 23.8 Distributed Catalog Management | 905 | ||
| 23.9 Summary | 906 | ||
| Review Questions | 907 | ||
| Exercises | 908 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 910 | ||
| Chapter 24 NOSQL Databases and Big Data Storage Systems | 913 | ||
| 24.1 Introduction to NOSQL Systems | 914 | ||
| 24.2 The CAP Theorem | 918 | ||
| 24.3 Document-Based NOSQL Systems and MongoDB | 920 | ||
| 24.4 NOSQL Key-Value Stores | 925 | ||
| 24.5 Column-Based or Wide Column NOSQL Systems | 930 | ||
| 24.6 NOSQL Graph Databases and Neo4j | 933 | ||
| 24.7 Summary | 939 | ||
| Review Questions | 939 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 940 | ||
| Chapter 25 Big Data Technologies Based on MapReduce and Hadoop | 941 | ||
| 25.1 What Is Big Data? | 944 | ||
| 25.2 Introduction to MapReduce and Hadoop | 946 | ||
| 25.3 Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) | 951 | ||
| 25.4 MapReduce: Additional Details | 956 | ||
| 25.5 Hadoop v2 alias YARN | 966 | ||
| 25.6 General Discussion | 974 | ||
| 25.7 Summary | 983 | ||
| Review Questions | 984 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 986 | ||
| Part 11 Advanced Database Models, Systems, and Applications | 989 | ||
| Chapter 26 Enhanced Data Models: Introduction to Active, Temporal, Spatial, Multimedia, and Deductive Databases | 991 | ||
| 26.1 Active Database Concepts and Triggers | 993 | ||
| 26.2 Temporal Database Concepts | 1004 | ||
| 26.3 Spatial Database Concepts | 1017 | ||
| 26.4 Multimedia Database Concepts | 1024 | ||
| 26.5 Introduction to Deductive Databases | 1029 | ||
| 26.6 Summary | 1042 | ||
| Review Questions | 1044 | ||
| Exercises | 1045 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 1048 | ||
| Chapter 27 Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search | 1051 | ||
| 27.1 Information Retrieval (IR) Concepts | 1052 | ||
| 27.2 Retrieval Models | 1059 | ||
| 27.3 Types of Queries in IR Systems | 1065 | ||
| 27.4 Text Preprocessing | 1067 | ||
| 27.5 Inverted Indexing | 1070 | ||
| 27.6 Evaluation Measures of Search Relevance | 1074 | ||
| 27.7 Web Search and Analysis | 1077 | ||
| 27.8 Trends in Information Retrieval | 1087 | ||
| 27.9 Summary | 1093 | ||
| Review Questions | 1094 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 1096 | ||
| Chapter 28 Data Mining Concepts | 1099 | ||
| 28.1 Overview of Data Mining Technology | 1100 | ||
| 28.2 Association Rules | 1103 | ||
| 28.3 Classification | 1115 | ||
| 28.4 Clustering | 1118 | ||
| 28.5 Approaches to Other Data Mining Problems | 1121 | ||
| 28.6 Applications of Data Mining | 1124 | ||
| 28.7 Commercial Data Mining Tools | 1124 | ||
| 28.8 Summary | 1127 | ||
| Review Questions | 1127 | ||
| Exercises | 1128 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 1129 | ||
| Chapter 29 Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP | 1131 | ||
| 29.1 Introduction, Definitions, and Terminology | 1132 | ||
| 29.2 Characteristics of Data Warehouses | 1133 | ||
| 29.3 Data Modeling for Data Warehouses | 1135 | ||
| 29.4 Building a Data Warehouse | 1141 | ||
| 29.5 Typical Functionality of a Data Warehouse | 1144 | ||
| 29.6 Data Warehouse versus Views | 1145 | ||
| 29.7 Difficulties of Implementing Data Warehouses | 1146 | ||
| 29.8 Summary | 1147 | ||
| Review Questions | 1147 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 1148 | ||
| Part 12 Additional Database Topics: Security | 1149 | ||
| Chapter 30 Database Security | 1151 | ||
| 30.1 Introduction to Database Security Issues | 1152 | ||
| 30.2 Discretionary Access Control Based on Granting and Revoking Privileges | 1159 | ||
| 30.3 Mandatory Access Control and Role-Based Access Control for Multilevel Security | 1164 | ||
| 30.4 SQL Injection | 1173 | ||
| 30.5 Introduction to Statistical Database Security | 1176 | ||
| 30.6 Introduction to Flow Control | 1177 | ||
| 30.7 Encryption and Public Key Infrastructures | 1179 | ||
| 30.8 Privacy Issues and Preservation | 1183 | ||
| 30.9 Challenges to Maintaining Database Security | 1184 | ||
| 30.10 Oracle Label-Based Security | 1185 | ||
| 30.11 Summary | 1188 | ||
| Review Questions | 1189 | ||
| Exercises | 1190 | ||
| Selected Bibliography | 1191 | ||
| Appendix A: Alternative Diagrammatic Notations for ER Models | 1193 | ||
| Appendix B: Parameters of Disks | 1197 | ||
| Appendix C: Overview of the QBE Language | 1201 | ||
| C.1 Basic Retrievals in QBE | 1201 | ||
| C.2 Grouping, Aggregation, and Database Modification in QBE | 1205 | ||
| Bibliography | 1209 | ||
| Index | 1245 | ||
| A | 1245 | ||
| B | 1247 | ||
| C | 1247 | ||
| D | 1249 | ||
| E | 1253 | ||
| F | 1255 | ||
| G | 1255 | ||
| H | 1256 | ||
| I | 1256 | ||
| J | 1258 | ||
| K | 1258 | ||
| L | 1258 | ||
| M | 1259 | ||
| N | 1260 | ||
| O | 1261 | ||
| P | 1262 | ||
| Q | 1263 | ||
| R | 1264 | ||
| S | 1266 | ||
| T | 1269 | ||
| U | 1271 | ||
| V | 1272 | ||
| W | 1272 | ||
| X | 1272 | ||
| Y | 1272 |