BOOK
Bovine Theriogenology, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice focuses on Bovine Theriogenology. Article topics include: Reproductive systems for North American Beef Cattle Herds, Reproductive systems for North American Dairy Cattle Herds, Beef Heifer Development, Dairy Heifer Development, Evaluation of data obtained at pregnancy detection of beef herds ,Synchronization and AI Strategies in Beef Herds, Synchronization and AI Strategies in Dairy Herds, Embryo Transfer, Management of reproductive disease in dairy cattle, Venereal Diseases of Cattle, Diagnosis and Control of Neosporosis, Management and Breeding Soundness Examination of Yearling Bulls, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Bovine Theriogenology | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface: Bovine Theriogenology | v | ||
| Reproductive Systems for North American Beef Cattle Herds | v | ||
| Reproductive Systems for North American Dairy Cattle Herds | v | ||
| Beef Heifer Development | v | ||
| Dairy Heifer Development and Nutrition Management | vi | ||
| Evaluating Information Obtained from Diagnosis of Pregnancy Status of Beef Herds | vi | ||
| Synchronization and Artificial Insemination Strategies in Beef Cattle | vi | ||
| Synchronization and Artificial Insemination Strategies in Dairy Herds | vi | ||
| Embryo Transfer (Techniques, Donors, and Recipients) | vii | ||
| Management of Reproductive Disease in Dairy Cows | vii | ||
| Tritrichomonas foetus Prevention and Control in Cattle | vii | ||
| Diagnosis and Control of Viral Diseases of Reproductive Importance: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Bovine Viral Diar ... | vii | ||
| Diagnosis and Control of Bovine Neosporosis | viii | ||
| Yearling Bull Breeding Soundness Examination: Special Considerations | viii | ||
| Management and Breeding Soundness of Mature Bulls | viii | ||
| Management of Male Reproductive Tract Injuries and Disease | viii | ||
| Management and Prevention of Dystocia | ix | ||
| VETERINARY CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA:\rFOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| November 2016 | x | ||
| March 2017 | x | ||
| July 2017 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| March 2016 | x | ||
| November 2015 | x | ||
| July 2015 | x | ||
| Preface:\rBovine Theriogenology | xi | ||
| Reproductive Systems for North American Beef Cattle Herds | 249 | ||
| Key points | 249 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 249 | ||
| CONSTRAINING BIOLOGICAL REALITIES AFFECTING BEEF REPRODUCTION | 250 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE GOALS FOR BEEF CATTLE HERDS | 255 | ||
| PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION BENEFITS OF FRONT-END LOADING | 257 | ||
| IDENTIFICATION OF THE OPTIMUM BREEDING SEASONS (MULTIPAROUS AND NULLIPAROUS COWS) | 257 | ||
| BULL CONSIDERATIONS FOR OBTAINING AND MAINTAINING FRONT-END LOADING (POSITIVE MOMENTUM FROM ONE YEAR TO THE NEXT) | 259 | ||
| DISEASE CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS FOR OBTAINING AND MAINTAINING FRONT-END LOADING (POSITIVE MOMENTUM FROM ONE YEAR TO THE NEXT) | 260 | ||
| OPTIONS TO MOVE A POOR REPRODUCTIVE PROFILE TO A FRONT-END LOADED PROFILE | 261 | ||
| VETERINARY SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH NORTH AMERICAN BEEF HERD REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS | 262 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 264 | ||
| REFERENCES | 264 | ||
| Reproductive Systems for North American Dairy Cattle Herds | 267 | ||
| Key points | 267 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 267 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY AND DAIRY HERD PROFITABILITY | 268 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY AND BREEDING STRATEGIES | 273 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY AND HEALTH | 276 | ||
| THE ROLE OF GENOMIC SELECTION IN REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY HERDS | 277 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 280 | ||
| REFERENCES | 280 | ||
| Beef Heifer Development | 285 | ||
| Key points | 285 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 285 | ||
| PUBERTY | 286 | ||
| PUBERTY: INFLUENCE OF AGE | 286 | ||
| CONSTRAINTS THAT DICTATE SELECTION CRITERIA FOR REPLACEMENT HEIFER CANDIDATES AT WEANING | 290 | ||
| PUBERTY: INFLUENCE OF WEIGHT | 291 | ||
| EVALUATION OF REPRODUCTIVE SOUNDNESS OF YEARLING HEIFERS | 292 | ||
| DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM NUMBER OF HEIFERS TO SAVE AT WEANING | 296 | ||
| BULL FERTILITY | 296 | ||
| DETERMINING SUCCESS OF ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAM | 298 | ||
| DETERMINING SUCCESS OF BREEDING SEASON | 298 | ||
| MONITORING BODY CONDITION SCORE IN MIDGESTATION TO LATE GESTATION | 299 | ||
| EVALUATING CALVING INFORMATION | 299 | ||
| SUMMARY | 299 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 300 | ||
| REFERENCES | 300 | ||
| Dairy Heifer Development and Nutrition Management | 303 | ||
| Key points | 303 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 303 | ||
| HEIFER GROWTH | 303 | ||
| HEIFER DEVELOPMENT: NEWBORN CALF TO WEANING | 305 | ||
| NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES FOR CALVES | 306 | ||
| HEIFER DEVELOPMENT: WEANING TO BREEDING | 309 | ||
| HEIFER DEVELOPMENT: BREEDING TO CALVING | 311 | ||
| NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES FOR OPTIMUM HEIFER DEVELOPMENT | 311 | ||
| SUMMARY | 315 | ||
| REFERENCES | 315 | ||
| Evaluating Information Obtained from Diagnosis of Pregnancy Status of Beef Herds | 319 | ||
| Key points | 319 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 319 | ||
| FLOW OF COWS THROUGH POTENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE STATES DURING A PRODUCTION CYCLE | 320 | ||
| CREATING HERD REPRODUCTIVE PROFILES FROM INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY STATUS OF BEEF HERDS | 321 | ||
| INVESTIGATION OF LESS-THAN-IDEAL HERD REPRODUCTIVE PROFILES | 324 | ||
| FAILURE TO CONCEIVE | 324 | ||
| Failure to Conceive: Cow Problems | 324 | ||
| Failure to Conceive: Bull Problems | 326 | ||
| EARLY-GESTATION PREGNANCY LOSS | 328 | ||
| LATE-GESTATION PREGNANCY LOSS | 330 | ||
| STILLBIRTH LOSS | 331 | ||
| SECOND-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF GESTATION-AGE DATA | 331 | ||
| SUMMARY | 333 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 334 | ||
| REFERENCES | 334 | ||
| Synchronization and Artificial Insemination Strategies in Beef Cattle | 335 | ||
| Key points | 335 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 335 | ||
| EARLY ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS | 336 | ||
| CURRENT ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS | 336 | ||
| FACTORS AFFECTING PREGNANCY SUCCESS OF ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS | 337 | ||
| Anestrous and Concentration of Progesterone | 337 | ||
| Follicle Development | 337 | ||
| Body Condition Score | 340 | ||
| Days Postpartum and Parity | 340 | ||
| Recent Findings on Factors Affecting Pregnancy Success of CO-Synch Programs | 340 | ||
| Economic Implications of Combining Artificial Insemination with Estrus Synchronization | 341 | ||
| Artificial Insemination Cowculator | 342 | ||
| Utilization of Fixed-Timed Artificial Insemination to Reduce Breeding Season Length and Its Effects on Subsequent Calf Valu ... | 342 | ||
| REFERENCES | 345 | ||
| Synchronization and Artificial Insemination Strategies in Dairy Herds | 349 | ||
| Key points | 349 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 349 | ||
| VOLUNTARY WAITING PERIOD | 350 | ||
| TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMS BEFORE FIRST SERVICES FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS | 350 | ||
| Ovsynch | 350 | ||
| Presynchronization Prostaglandin F2α Programs | 351 | ||
| Presynchronization Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Programs | 353 | ||
| Presynchronization Five-day Programs | 354 | ||
| Programs Including Progesterone | 355 | ||
| REPEAT SERVICE (RESYNCHRONIZATION) PROGRAMS FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS | 357 | ||
| Early Not Pregnancy Diagnosis | 357 | ||
| Presynchronization Before Resynchronization | 357 | ||
| TIMING OF SECOND GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE ADMINISTRATION AND TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION | 359 | ||
| ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMS FOR REPLACEMENT DAIRY HEIFERS | 360 | ||
| Seven-day Programs | 360 | ||
| Five-day Programs | 360 | ||
| REFERENCES | 362 | ||
| Embryo Transfer (Techniques, Donors, and Recipients) | 365 | ||
| Key points | 365 | ||
| HISTORY | 365 | ||
| DONOR MANAGEMENT | 366 | ||
| SUPEROVULATION | 367 | ||
| EMBRYO RECOVERY | 368 | ||
| EMBRYO MORPHOLOGY | 369 | ||
| One-Cell or Unfertilized (Stage 1) | 370 | ||
| Two-Cell to 12-Cell (Stage 2) | 370 | ||
| Early Morula (Stage 3) | 370 | ||
| Morula (Stage 4) | 370 | ||
| Early Blastocyst (Stage 5) | 370 | ||
| Blastocyst (Stage 6) | 370 | ||
| Expanded Blastocyst (Stage 7) | 371 | ||
| Hatched Blastocyst (Stage 8) | 371 | ||
| Hatched Expanded Blastocyst (Stage 9) | 371 | ||
| EMBRYO QUALITY CODES RECOMMENDED BY THE INTERNATIONAL EMBRYO TRANSFER SOCIETY | 375 | ||
| Quality Code 1: Excellent or Good | 376 | ||
| Quality Code 2: Fair | 376 | ||
| Quality Code 3: Poor | 376 | ||
| Quality Code 4: Dead or Degenerate | 376 | ||
| EMBRYO MANIPULATION | 380 | ||
| Embryo Splitting | 380 | ||
| Embryo Biopsying | 380 | ||
| Embryo Gender Determination | 381 | ||
| CRYOPRESERVATION | 381 | ||
| RECIPIENT MANAGEMENT | 382 | ||
| ADVANCED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES | 383 | ||
| SUMMARY | 384 | ||
| REFERENCES | 384 | ||
| Management of Reproductive Disease in Dairy Cows | 387 | ||
| Key points | 387 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 387 | ||
| THE PERIPARTURIENT COW | 388 | ||
| RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANES | 388 | ||
| PUERPERAL METRITIS | 391 | ||
| PYOMETRA | 394 | ||
| ENDOMETRITIS | 394 | ||
| CERVICITIS AND PURULENT VAGINAL DISCHARGE | 395 | ||
| ANOVULATION | 397 | ||
| CYSTIC OVARIAN FOLLICLES | 399 | ||
| PREGNANCY LOSS | 400 | ||
| REFERENCES | 402 | ||
| Tritrichomonas foetus Prevention and Control in Cattle | 411 | ||
| Key points | 411 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 411 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 412 | ||
| Individual Level | 412 | ||
| Herd Level | 413 | ||
| MAGNITUDE OF EFFECT | 413 | ||
| RISK FACTORS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY | 414 | ||
| Risk Factors | 414 | ||
| Prevalence | 415 | ||
| SAMPLE COLLECTION | 415 | ||
| TESTING STRATEGIES FOR CONTROL | 417 | ||
| TESTING STRATEGIES FOR SURVEILLANCE | 417 | ||
| STRATEGIES TO ELIMINATE FROM INFECTED HERD | 418 | ||
| STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION IN UNINFECTED HERDS | 418 | ||
| Low-Risk Herds | 418 | ||
| High-Risk Herds | 419 | ||
| TRICH COLLABORATIVE, ONLINE, NOVEL, SCIENCE-BASED, USER-FRIENDLY, LEARNING, TOOL | 419 | ||
| SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION | 420 | ||
| REFERENCES | 420 | ||
| Diagnosis and Control of Viral Diseases of Reproductive Importance | 425 | ||
| Key points | 425 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE CONSEQUENCES OF INFECTION WITH BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS | 426 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE CONSEQUENCES OF INFECTION WITH BOVINE HERPESVIRUS 1 | 427 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 427 | ||
| Herd Surveillance Testing | 427 | ||
| Bulk tank milk testing | 427 | ||
| Pooled sample testing | 428 | ||
| Antibody detection in sentinels | 428 | ||
| Feed trough sampling | 429 | ||
| Individual Animal Testing | 429 | ||
| Mature animals | 429 | ||
| Calves | 430 | ||
| Diagnosis of abortion | 430 | ||
| CONTROL | 431 | ||
| Vaccination | 431 | ||
| Replacement heifers | 433 | ||
| Mature herd | 433 | ||
| Biosecurity | 433 | ||
| Introduced animals | 434 | ||
| SUMMARY | 434 | ||
| REFERENCES | 435 | ||
| Diagnosis and Control of Bovine Neosporosis | 443 | ||
| Key points | 443 | ||
| PUTTING NEOSPOROSIS IN PERSPECTIVE | 443 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF BOVINE NEOSPOROSIS | 444 | ||
| UNCLEAR ASSOCIATIONS WITH MILK PRODUCTION AND GROWTH RATES | 444 | ||
| THE CAUSATIVE PARASITE | 445 | ||
| RELATED ORGANISMS | 446 | ||
| TRANSMISSION CYCLES IN CATTLE | 446 | ||
| NEOSPOROSIS IN OTHER DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND IN WILDLIFE | 447 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGIC PATTERNS IN CATTLE | 447 | ||
| Epidemic Pattern | 447 | ||
| Endemic Pattern | 449 | ||
| Subclinical Pattern | 451 | ||
| EFFECT OF PRODUCTION TYPE | 451 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 452 | ||
| Serologic Screening | 452 | ||
| Examination of Aborted Fetuses | 453 | ||
| Examination of Farm Dogs | 454 | ||
| WHY NEOSPOROSIS IS SO PREVALENT TODAY | 454 | ||
| CONTROL OPTIONS | 457 | ||
| FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR VACCINES | 459 | ||
| REFERENCES | 459 | ||
| Yearling Bull Breeding Soundness Examination | 465 | ||
| Key points | 465 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 465 | ||
| REPORTING | 466 | ||
| 1: Identification | 467 | ||
| 2: Sex Drive and Mating Ability | 467 | ||
| 3: Physical Soundness | 468 | ||
| Scrotal circumference | 468 | ||
| Body condition, rate of gain | 469 | ||
| Eyes | 469 | ||
| Feet and legs | 469 | ||
| Testicles, inguinal rings, scrotum, spermatic cord, epididymis, vesicular glands, penis, prepuce | 469 | ||
| 4: Semen Quality | 471 | ||
| Collection | 471 | ||
| Response | 471 | ||
| Semen motility | 472 | ||
| Sperm cell morphology | 472 | ||
| Round cells | 474 | ||
| 6: Classification | 475 | ||
| SUMMARY | 476 | ||
| REFERENCES | 476 | ||
| Management and Breeding Soundness of Mature Bulls | 479 | ||
| Key points | 479 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 479 | ||
| BULL MANAGEMENT | 480 | ||
| Nutrition | 480 | ||
| Vaccination | 481 | ||
| Parasite Control | 482 | ||
| Social Dominance | 482 | ||
| BULL-TO-FEMALE RATIO | 483 | ||
| THE BREEDING SOUNDNESS EVALUATION | 484 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 484 | ||
| SEMEN COLLECTION AND EVALUATION | 486 | ||
| Sperm Production | 486 | ||
| Semen Collection | 487 | ||
| Semen Evaluation | 488 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS OF ABNORMAL SPERM MORPHOLOGY | 490 | ||
| SUMMARY | 492 | ||
| REFERENCES | 492 | ||
| Management of Male Reproductive Tract Injuries and Disease | 497 | ||
| Key points | 497 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 497 | ||
| HEMATOMA OF THE PENIS | 498 | ||
| PREPUTIAL INJURY | 499 | ||
| FIBROPAPILLOMA (WARTS) | 502 | ||
| HAIR RING | 504 | ||
| TESTICULAR INJURY | 504 | ||
| VESICULAR ADENITIS | 505 | ||
| LESS FREQUENTLY OCCURRING INJURIES | 506 | ||
| SUMMARY | 509 | ||
| REFERENCES | 509 | ||
| Management and Prevention of Dystocia | 511 | ||
| Key points | 511 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 511 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR DYSTOCIA | 512 | ||
| Fetal-Dam Disparity | 512 | ||
| Abnormal Fetal Position | 512 | ||
| Vulval, Vaginal, or Cervical Stenosis | 513 | ||
| Uterine Torsion | 513 | ||
| TREATMENT OF DYSTOCIA | 514 | ||
| Respiratory Assessment or Support for the Neonate | 516 | ||
| Injuries to the Neonate | 516 | ||
| Injuries to the Dam | 517 | ||
| PREVENTION OF DYSTOCIA | 517 | ||
| Sire Selection | 517 | ||
| Heifer Selection | 518 | ||
| Heifer Development | 518 | ||
| Nutrition | 518 | ||
| ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES | 519 | ||
| Large Offspring Syndrome | 519 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 519 | ||
| REFERENCES | 520 | ||
| Index | 523 |