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Psychiatric Care in Primary Care Practice, An Issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, E-Book

Psychiatric Care in Primary Care Practice, An Issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, E-Book

Janet R. Albers

(2016)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

This issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, guest edited by Dr. Janet Albers, is devoted to Psychiatric Care in Primary Care Practice. Articles in this issue include: Integrating Behavioral Health in the Medical Home Model – The Role of the Interdisciplinary Team; Behavioral Health in Prevention and Chronic Illness Management – Motivational Interviewing; Childhood Sexual Abuse and Mental Health Screening in Primary Care; Autism Spectrum/Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Pearls in Working with Patients Diagnosed with Personality Disorders; Psychopharmacology in Primary Care Settings; Depression: Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment Across Populations; Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care; Bipolar Disorder; Eating Disorders; Substance Abuse Screening and Treatment; Pain Medication Seeking Behavior; Psychiatric Emergencies; and Physician Wellness Across the Professional Continuum.


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Psychiatric Care\rin Primary Care Practice i
Copyright ii
Contributors iii
CONSULTING EDITOR iii
EDITOR iii
AUTHORS iii
Contents vii
Foreword: Objectivity and Compassion vii
Preface: Integrating Psychiatric Care into Primary Care Practice vii
Integrated Care and the Evolution of the Multidisciplinary Team vii
Behavioral Health in Prevention and Chronic Illness Management: Motivational Interviewing vii
Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Mindfulness Techniques in the Management of Chronic Pain in Primary Care vii
Substance Abuse Screening and Treatment viii
Depression Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Across the Lifespan viii
Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care viii
Pearls for Working with People Who Have Personality Disorder Diagnoses viii
Bipolar Disorder ix
Autism Spectrum/Pervasive Developmental Disorder ix
Eating Disorders in the Primary Care Setting ix
Childhood Sexual Abuse: Identification, Screening, and Treatment Recommendations in Primary Care Settings ix
Psychopharmacology in Primary Care Settings x
Psychiatric Emergencies x
Physician Wellness Across the Professional Spectrum x
PRIMARY CARE:\rCLINICS IN OFFICE PRACTICE xi
FORTHCOMING ISSUES xi
September 2016 xi
December 2016 xi
March 2017 xi
RECENT ISSUES xi
March 2016 xi
December 2015 xi
September 2015 xi
Foreword:\rObjectivity and Compassion xiii
Preface:\rIntegrating Psychiatric Care into Primary Care Practice xv
Integrated Care and the Evolution of the Multidisciplinary Team 177
Key points 177
INTRODUCTION 177
Patient-Centered Care 177
Health Care Teams 178
Team Composition 179
BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 181
Components of Behavioral Health 181
Expansion of the Primary Care Team 182
Programmatic Gaps 182
INTEGRATED CARE 183
Components of Integrated Care 183
Clinical Aspects of Integrated Care 184
The Role of the Psychiatrist 186
SYSTEMIC ASPECTS OF INTEGRATED CARE 186
Logistics 186
Stigma and Discomfort 187
Communication and Language 187
Administration 187
OUTCOMES AND IMPLICATIONS 187
Clinical Care 187
Medical Education 188
Health Care Policy 188
REFERENCES 189
Behavioral Health in Prevention and Chronic Illness Management 191
Key points 191
INTRODUCTION 191
DEFINITION 192
IMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC: SCOPE 192
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE 193
Obesity 194
Physical Activity 194
Treatment Engagement 195
Chronic Pain 195
Diabetes Mellitus 195
Systematic Review of Multiple Conditions in General Medical Settings 196
Cultural Variability 196
APPLICATION 197
PRACTICAL ISSUES 199
OUTCOMES 200
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION 200
REFERENCES 201
Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Mindfulness Techniques in the Management of Chronic Pain in Primary Care 203
Key points 203
INTRODUCTION 203
SCREENING/DIAGNOSIS 204
MANAGEMENT GOALS 206
PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES 207
NONPHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES 208
SELF-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 209
EVALUATION, ADJUSTMENT, RECURRENCE 212
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION 214
REFERENCES 215
Substance Abuse Screening and Treatment 217
Key points 217
INTRODUCTION 217
SCREENING/DIAGNOSIS 218
MANAGEMENT GOALS 221
PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES 221
Substitution Therapies 222
Blocking Therapies 222
Triggered Effect Therapies 222
Tapering Therapy 222
NONPHARMACOLOGIC AND SELF-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 223
COMORBIDITIES AND RECURRENCE 225
SUMMARY 226
REFERENCES 226
Depression Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Across the Lifespan 229
Key points 229
INTRODUCTION 229
COLLABORATIVE CARE: PRINCIPLES FOR ALL PRACTICES 230
SCREENING 230
Patient Health Questionaire-9 231
Patient Health Questionaire-2 231
Patient Health Questionnaire-M 231
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale 231
DIAGNOSIS 231
Pregnant and Postpartum Women 232
Elderly Patients 232
TREATMENT 232
Stepped Care and Treat to Target 232
Persistent depressive symptoms and clinical inertia 233
Managing expectations 233
First Steps, Shared Decision Making, and Patient Engagement 233
Adolescents and young adults 234
Pregnant and postpartum women 234
Elderly patients 236
Mirtazapine for agitation and anorexia in the elderly 236
Patients with cognitive impairment 236
Patients who use tobacco 236
Patients with alcohol abuse and chemical dependency 236
Early Challenges: Close Follow-up and Patient Activation 236
Motivational interviewing and patient activation 236
Try Something Else: Switching, Augmentation, or Both? 237
Serotonin Syndrome: Increasingly Common with More Intense Treatments 237
Augmentation Strategies for Specific Symptoms 238
Bupropion augmentation for sexual dysfunction or persistent fatigue 238
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor or TCA augmentation for chronic pain complicating depression 238
Trazodone or mirtazapine augmentation for persistent sleep disturbance 238
Thyroid augmentation for persistent fatigue and vegetative symptoms 238
Lithium augmentation for mood stabilization 238
Buspirone augmentation for persistent anxiety 238
Bright light therapy for seasonal depression 239
Hold the Gains: Prevention and Treatment of Relapse 239
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome 239
SUMMARY 239
REFERENCES 239
Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care 245
Key points 245
INTRODUCTION 245
SCREENING 246
INITIAL EVALUATION 248
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER 248
SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER 249
PANIC DISORDER 249
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER 250
POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 250
COMORBIDITY 251
TREATMENT STRATEGIES 251
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors 251
Tricyclic Antidepressants and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors 251
Buspirone 252
Benzodiazepines 252
Other Second-Line Agents 252
Special Populations 253
Nonpharmacologic Strategies 253
Alternative Medicine 256
Collaborative Care 257
Discussion 258
REFERENCES 258
Pearls for Working with People Who Have Personality Disorder Diagnoses 263
Key points 263
INTRODUCTION 263
SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS 264
MANAGEMENT GOALS 265
PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES 266
SELF-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 266
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION 267
REFERENCES 268
Bipolar Disorder 269
Key points 269
INTRODUCTION 269
SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS 270
MANAGEMENT AND GOALS 273
PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES 274
NONPHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES 282
SELF-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 282
EVALUATION ADJUSTMENT RECURRENCE 283
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION 283
REFERENCES 283
Autism Spectrum/Pervasive Developmental Disorder 285
Key points 285
INTRODUCTION 285
SCREENING/DIAGNOSIS 286
Terminology and Diagnostic Criteria 286
EPIDEMIOLOGY 286
ROLE OF PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN 287
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION: PERSONAL/FAMILY HISTORY 290
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 290
ANCILLARY TESTING 291
ADDITIONAL EVALUATION 291
SURVEILLANCE/SCREENING: EARLY INDICATORS 292
OTHER RED FLAGS 292
SURVEILLANCE/SCREENING: FORMAL TOOLS 293
MANAGEMENT GOALS 294
PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES 295
Inattention and Hyperactivity 295
Maladaptive Behaviors 296
Repetitive Behaviors 296
Anxiety 296
Dysregulated Mood 296
Depressive Mood 296
Other Conditions 296
NONPHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES 296
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 297
SUMMARY 297
REFERENCES 298
Eating Disorders in the Primary Care Setting 301
Key points 301
DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, 5TH EDITION, AND EATING DISORDERS 302
SCREENING FOR EATING DISORDERS 304
ANOREXIA NERVOSA 304
BULIMIA NERVOSA 307
BINGE EATING DISORDER 308
ROLE OF MEDICATIONS 308
LEVELS OF CARE 308
THE EATING DISORDER TREATMENT TEAM 310
THE OFFICE VISIT 310
WHEN TO REFER 311
REFERENCES 311
Childhood Sexual Abuse 313
Key points 313
INTRODUCTION 314
Definition of Childhood Sexual Abuse 314
Prevalence and Incidence of Childhood Sexual Abuse 314
SCREENING FOR CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE HISTORY AND RELATED SYMPTOMS 315
To Screen or Not to Screen? 315
Screening for Childhood Sexual Abuse History 315
Screening for Abuse-Related Symptoms 316
TREATMENT OPTIONS 319
Pharmacologic Strategies 319
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 319
Central alpha-adrenergic agonists 320
Beta-adrenergic blockers 320
Tricyclic antidepressants 320
Antiepileptics 320
Atypical antipsychotics 320
Nonpharmacologic Strategies 320
Trauma-focused mental health treatments 320
LONG-TERM PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE 321
ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE 322
MANDATED REPORTING 322
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION 322
REFERENCES 323
Psychopharmacology in Primary Care Settings 327
Key points 327
INTRODUCTION 327
ANTIDEPRESSANTS 329
BENZODIAZEPINES 332
NONBENZODIAZEPINE ANXIOLYTICS 333
NEUROLEPTICS 334
BIPOLAR DISORDER MEDICATIONS 336
SUMMARY 338
REFERENCES 338
Psychiatric Emergencies 341
Key points 341
INTRODUCTION 341
SCREENING/DIAGNOSIS: PSYCHIATRIC AND MEDICAL ASSESSMENTS 342
Acute Psychosis and Mania 342
Suicidal and Homicidal Ideation 344
MANAGEMENT GOALS 346
Acute Psychosis, Mania, and Agitated or Homicidal Patients 346
Suicidal Ideation 346
NONPHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES 347
Acute Psychosis, Mania, and Agitated or Homicidal 347
Suicidal Ideation 347
PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES 348
Acute Psychosis, Mania, and Agitation or Homicidal Ideation 348
Suicidal Ideation 348
SELF-REGULATION STRATEGIES FOR PATIENTS 350
DEBRIEFING AND TEAM-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 351
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS 351
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION 352
REFERENCES 353
Physician Wellness Across the Professional Spectrum 355
Key points 355
INTRODUCTION 355
WELLNESS AND BURNOUT 356
CAREER STAGE AND WELLNESS 357
Medical School 357
Residency 357
Practicing Physicians 358
RECOGNITION 358
DESTIGMATIZE 358
SCREENING 359
METHODS FOR IMPROVEMENT 359
FUTURE GOALS 360
SUMMARY 360
REFERENCES 360