Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
A practical massage textbook + DVD for both massage students and established practitioners of remedial massage
The content in the comprehensive Textbook of Remedial Massage is drawn from cutting-edge research as well as the authors’ lengthy experience in massage education.
Covering essential topics, from history-taking to contraindication, Textbook of Remedial Massage is an excellent resource for Diploma of Massage students. Indeed, much of the textbook’s content aligns with the HLT07 training package.
Client Assessment - The first of Textbook of Remedial Massage’s three sections addresses practitioner assessment of remedial massage clients. This includes information on how to adapt massage techniques for clients’ individual needs.
Massage techniques - The second section provides readers with clear instruction in common remedial massage techniques, such as trigger points, CRAC stretching and myofascial release. Each of these techniques is explained through illustrations and photographs, along with a detailed rationale on its physiological principles and evidence base. Crucially, contraindications and precautions are explained for each massage technique.
Body regions - The final section of this excellent health title applies remedial massage techniques to specific body regions, all of which are demonstrated in detail on the accompanying DVD.
The authors’ evidence-based approach is in keeping with the wider Allied Healthcare community. This approach is a key determinant of Medicare client rebates, as well as rebates from many private health funds, making it an essential aspect of contemporary massage.
- Detailed assessment technique
- Evidence-based approach
- Includes techniques integral to the HLT07 Diploma of massage - all essential skills and knowledge for the competencies of the units in the training package.
- Anatomy described in functional terms
- Accompanying DVD with videos of content covered in book. DVD content is divided up into assessment and treatment techniques.
- An accompanying Evolve site features PowerPoint slides on massage techniques
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Textbook of remedial massage | i | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Table of Contents | v | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Structure of the book | xi | ||
| Acknowledgements | xii | ||
| Foreword | xiii | ||
| Contributors | xiv | ||
| Reviewers | xv | ||
| 1 Remedial massage in Australian healthcare | 1 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 1 | ||
| Defining remedial massage | 1 | ||
| The context of remedial massage: use of complementary and alternative medicine in Australian healthcare | 2 | ||
| The remedial massage workforce in Australia | 2 | ||
| Attitudes towards CAM by medical and other healthcare practitioners | 4 | ||
| Evidence for remedial massage practice | 4 | ||
| Evidence for the effectiveness of massage therapy | 4 | ||
| Evidence of benefit | 4 | ||
| Inconclusive (some promising results) | 4 | ||
| Inconclusive evidence (further research needed) | 5 | ||
| Future directions | 5 | ||
| Appendix 1.1 Massage therapy: systematic reviews | 5 | ||
| References | 8 | ||
| 2 Assessment procedures for remedial massage: | 10 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 10 | ||
| Introduction | 10 | ||
| Principles of assessment in remedial massage practice | 10 | ||
| Purpose of assessments | 10 | ||
| Demonstrating treatment effectiveness | 11 | ||
| assessment procedures | 11 | ||
| Client history | 11 | ||
| Assessing the well client | 12 | ||
| The nature of pain | 13 | ||
| Identifying yellow flags | 13 | ||
| Informed consent | 13 | ||
| Outcome measures | 13 | ||
| Postural analysis | 14 | ||
| Identifying anatomical landmarks | 14 | ||
| Anterior and lateral | 16 | ||
| Posterior | 16 | ||
| Performing postural observation | 16 | ||
| General observations | 17 | ||
| Method of recording | 18 | ||
| Common posture observations | 18 | ||
| Scoliosis | 18 | ||
| Lumbar hyperlordosis | 19 | ||
| Decreased lumbar curvature | 20 | ||
| Increased thoracic kyphosis | 20 | ||
| Decreased thoracic kyphosis | 21 | ||
| Increased cervicothoracic curvature | 21 | ||
| Sway back | 21 | ||
| Gait analysis | 22 | ||
| Stance phase | 22 | ||
| Heel strike | 22 | ||
| Foot flat | 22 | ||
| Midstance | 22 | ||
| Push-off | 22 | ||
| 3 Planning remedial massage therapy | 42 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 42 | ||
| Principles of treatment | 42 | ||
| Prioritising client safety | 42 | ||
| Swedish massage before remedial massage | 42 | ||
| Active movements before passive | 42 | ||
| Treating within pain tolerance | 42 | ||
| Overview of a remedial massage treatment approach | 43 | ||
| Short- and long-term treatment plans | 43 | ||
| Client education and self-help | 43 | ||
| Clients’ preferences | 43 | ||
| Treatment protocols | 43 | ||
| Aligning treatment to assessment findings | 44 | ||
| Tissue type | 44 | ||
| Stage of inflammation | 45 | ||
| Acute injury management | 45 | ||
| Cryotherapy | 45 | ||
| Contraindications and precautions | 45 | ||
| Methods of application | 46 | ||
| Ice packs | 46 | ||
| Ice massage | 46 | ||
| Subacute injury management | 47 | ||
| Chronic injury management | 47 | ||
| Thermotherapy | 47 | ||
| Contraindications and precautions | 47 | ||
| Methods of application | 47 | ||
| Precautions associated with the use of heat creams | 47 | ||
| Considerations for applications of heat creams | 48 | ||
| Severity of injury | 48 | ||
| Monitoring and reviewing treatment plans | 48 | ||
| Recording remedial massage treatments | 50 | ||
| Key messages | 50 | ||
| References | 51 | ||
| 4 Remedial massage techniques for muscles | 52 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 52 | ||
| Introduction | 52 | ||
| Assessing muscle function | 52 | ||
| Functional deficit demonstration | 52 | ||
| Postural assessment | 52 | ||
| Testing muscles for length | 55 | ||
| Testing Muscles for strength | 55 | ||
| Palpation | 56 | ||
| Remedial massage techniques | 57 | ||
| Deep gliding (with-fibre) frictions and cross-fibre frictions | 57 | ||
| Evidence for the effectiveness of DG and XFF | 58 | ||
| Contraindications | 58 | ||
| Deep transverse friction (DTF) | 58 | ||
| Evidence for the effectiveness of DTF | 59 | ||
| 5 Muscle stretching | 64 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 64 | ||
| Introduction | 64 | ||
| Functional anatomy | 64 | ||
| Tissue range of motion | 64 | ||
| Muscle functions | 65 | ||
| Produce movement | 65 | ||
| Maintaining posture and position | 65 | ||
| Stabilising joints | 65 | ||
| Generating and maintaining body heat | 65 | ||
| Guard orifices | 65 | ||
| Support and protect soft tissues | 65 | ||
| Types of muscle contractions | 65 | ||
| Isotonic contractions | 65 | ||
| Isometric contractions | 65 | ||
| Physical characteristics and neurological reflexes associated with stretching | 65 | ||
| Active and passive insufficiency | 66 | ||
| Neurological events that mediate stretching | 66 | ||
| Myotatic reflex (stretch reflex) | 66 | ||
| Deep tendon reflex | 66 | ||
| Types of muscle stretching | 66 | ||
| 1. Passive stretch | 66 | ||
| 2. Active, active-assisted stretch | 67 | ||
| 3. Muscle energy technique5 | 67 | ||
| 4. Active isolated stretch6 | 67 | ||
| 5. Ballistic stretch | 67 | ||
| 6. Dynamic stretch | 67 | ||
| 7. Static stretch | 67 | ||
| 8. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation | 68 | ||
| Stretching treatment goals | 70 | ||
| Assessing clients’ suitability | 70 | ||
| History | 70 | ||
| Postural analysis | 70 | ||
| Gait Analysis | 70 | ||
| Functional tests | 70 | ||
| Palpation | 70 | ||
| Evidence for effectiveness | 70 | ||
| Contraindications and precautions | 71 | ||
| Applying muscle stretching in remedial massage | 71 | ||
| Adapting stretches for individual clients | 71 | ||
| Therapist’s position | 71 | ||
| Recommendations | 71 | ||
| Guidelines for active stretching: | 72 | ||
| Muscle stretching in practice | 72 | ||
| Scalene group | 72 | ||
| Upper trapezius | 72 | ||
| Pectoral muscles | 72 | ||
| Levator scapulae | 73 | ||
| Wrist flexors/extensors | 73 | ||
| Piriformis | 74 | ||
| Psoas | 74 | ||
| Quadriceps | 74 | ||
| Hip flexor stretch (rectus femoris and iliopsoas) | 74 | ||
| Hip flexors, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedialis and vastus medialis | 74 | ||
| Hamstrings | 74 | ||
| Adductors | 75 | ||
| Gastrocnemius | 75 | ||
| Quadratus lumborum | 76 | ||
| Latissimus dorsi | 76 | ||
| References | 77 | ||
| 6 Myofascial trigger points | 79 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 79 | ||
| Introduction | 79 | ||
| What is a trigger point? | 79 | ||
| Locating trigger points | 79 | ||
| Classifying trigger points | 79 | ||
| Active and latent trigger points | 79 | ||
| Satellite and secondary trigger points | 80 | ||
| Key trigger points | 80 | ||
| What causes trigger points? | 80 | ||
| Identifying trigger points | 81 | ||
| Characteristics of trigger points | 81 | ||
| Symptoms | 81 | ||
| Signs | 81 | ||
| Treating trigger points | 81 | ||
| Manual techniques | 82 | ||
| Save your body | 83 | ||
| Evidence-base of treatments for trigger points | 85 | ||
| Contraindications and precautions | 85 | ||
| Key messages | 85 | ||
| Appendix 6.1 Some key trigger points | 88 | ||
| References | 94 | ||
| 7 Joint articulation | 95 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 95 | ||
| Introduction | 95 | ||
| What is joint articulation? | 95 | ||
| Evidence for the effectiveness of joint articulation and mobilisation | 95 | ||
| Assessing clients for treatment | 96 | ||
| History | 96 | ||
| Functional tests | 97 | ||
| Palpation | 97 | ||
| Hard end-feel | 97 | ||
| Soft end-feel | 97 | ||
| Leathery end-feel | 97 | ||
| Treating clients | 97 | ||
| Guidelines16, 17 | 97 | ||
| techniques | 98 | ||
| 1. Cervical spine | 98 | ||
| Cervical lateral flexion | 98 | ||
| Cervical rotation | 98 | ||
| Cervical extension | 98 | ||
| Cervical horizontal traction | 98 | ||
| Cervical stair-step manoeuvre | 99 | ||
| Cervical facet articulation | 99 | ||
| i. Rotation | 99 | ||
| ii. Lateral flexion | 100 | ||
| 2. Thoracic spine and rib cage | 100 | ||
| Thoracic longitudinal mobilisation | 100 | ||
| Thoracic diagonal mobilisation | 100 | ||
| Thoracic rocking | 101 | ||
| Arm overhead rib mobilisation | 101 | ||
| Rib rotation | 101 | ||
| 3. Lumbar spine and pelvis | 101 | ||
| Lumbar longitudinal mobilisation | 102 | ||
| Lumbar rotational mobilisation | 102 | ||
| SI joint mobilisation | 102 | ||
| 4. Shoulder joint | 102 | ||
| Shoulder rotation | 102 | ||
| Shoulder tractions | 103 | ||
| Shoulder progressive cylindrical articulation | 104 | ||
| Shoulder progressive humeral external rotation | 104 | ||
| Shoulder progressive humeral internal rotation | 105 | ||
| Shoulder figure-8 | 105 | ||
| 5. Elbow joint | 105 | ||
| Elbow articulation | 105 | ||
| Elbow joint capsule stretch | 105 | ||
| 6. Wrist and hand | 105 | ||
| Wrist pronated longitudinal thenar kneading | 105 | ||
| Wrist pronated traction and circumduction | 106 | ||
| Wrist semi-supinated traction and circumduction | 107 | ||
| Wrist overhead traction and circumduction | 107 | ||
| Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal mobilisation | 107 | ||
| Metacarpal shearing | 107 | ||
| 7. Hip joint | 107 | ||
| Hip rotation | 107 | ||
| Hip figure-8 | 108 | ||
| Hip traction | 108 | ||
| Hip rotation sidelying | 108 | ||
| 8. Knee joint | 109 | ||
| Knee articulation (inferior approach) | 109 | ||
| Knee articulation (lateral approach) | 109 | ||
| 9. Ankle and foot | 109 | ||
| Ankle prone circumduction | 109 | ||
| Calcaneus prone articulation | 109 | ||
| Tarsals prone plantarflexion | 109 | ||
| Ankle traction | 110 | ||
| Metatarsal shearing | 111 | ||
| Phalanges mobilisation | 111 | ||
| Contraindications | 111 | ||
| Key messages | 111 | ||
| References | 112 | ||
| 8 Myofascial release | 113 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 113 | ||
| Introduction | 113 | ||
| Functional anatomy review | 113 | ||
| What is myofascial release? | 114 | ||
| Assessing clients | 115 | ||
| History | 115 | ||
| Postural analysis | 116 | ||
| Functional tests | 116 | ||
| Palpation | 116 | ||
| Treating clients | 116 | ||
| Evidence for the effectiveness of fascial releasing techniques | 117 | ||
| Applying the techniques | 117 | ||
| MFR techniques | 117 | ||
| 1. Deep techniques | 117 | ||
| Technique | 117 | ||
| 2. Gentle techniques | 117 | ||
| Techniques | 118 | ||
| 1. Cross-hand technique | 118 | ||
| 2. Traction techniques | 119 | ||
| 3. Transverse holds | 119 | ||
| C7–T1 Thoracic inlet/anterior chest wall | 120 | ||
| T12–L1 Respiratory diaphragm release | 120 | ||
| L5–S1 Pelvic diaphragm release | 121 | ||
| 4. Cranial base release | 121 | ||
| Integrating myofascial releasing techniques with remedial massage | 121 | ||
| Contraindications and precautions | 121 | ||
| Key messages | 122 | ||
| References | 123 | ||
| 9 Lymphatic drainage massage | 124 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 124 | ||
| Introduction | 124 | ||
| Evidence for the effectiveness of lymphatic drainage massage | 125 | ||
| Functional anatomy review7 | 125 | ||
| Function of the lymphatic system | 126 | ||
| Oedema | 126 | ||
| Lymphoedema | 127 | ||
| Primary lymphoedema | 127 | ||
| Secondary lymphoedema | 127 | ||
| Stages of lymphoedema | 127 | ||
| Latency stage | 127 | ||
| Stage 1 | 127 | ||
| Stage 2 | 127 | ||
| Stage 3 | 127 | ||
| Assessing clients | 127 | ||
| History | 128 | ||
| Red flag conditions for oedema19 | 128 | ||
| Postural analysis | 128 | ||
| Functional tests | 128 | ||
| Palpation18 | 128 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 128 | ||
| Treating clients | 129 | ||
| Basic principles | 129 | ||
| Length of treatment | 129 | ||
| Explanation of treatment | 129 | ||
| Pressure | 129 | ||
| Strokes | 129 | ||
| 1. Stationary circles | 129 | ||
| 2. Pump Technique | 129 | ||
| 3. Scoop technique | 129 | ||
| 4. Rotary technique | 129 | ||
| Summary | 130 | ||
| Regional lymphatic drainage massage | 131 | ||
| The head and neck | 131 | ||
| The upper torso | 132 | ||
| The lower torso | 133 | ||
| The thorax | 134 | ||
| Contraindications and precautions | 135 | ||
| Absolute contraindications | 136 | ||
| Relative contraindications | 136 | ||
| Local contraindications | 136 | ||
| Neck | 136 | ||
| Abdomen | 136 | ||
| References | 137 | ||
| 10 The low back and pelvis | 138 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 138 | ||
| Introduction | 138 | ||
| Functional anatomy review | 138 | ||
| Assessment of the lumbar and sacroiliac region | 139 | ||
| Case history | 140 | ||
| Outcome measures | 143 | ||
| Postural ANALYSIS | 143 | ||
| Gait assessment | 144 | ||
| Functional tests | 144 | ||
| Active range of motion (AROM) | 144 | ||
| Flexion (60°)d | 144 | ||
| Extension (25°) | 144 | ||
| Lateral flexion (sidebend) (25°) | 144 | ||
| Rotation (30°) | 144 | ||
| Passive range of motion (PROM) | 144 | ||
| Resisted range of motion (RROM) | 144 | ||
| Tests for specific muscles associated with low back conditions15, 16 | 144 | ||
| 1. Piriformis | 145 | ||
| 11 The thoracic region | 173 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 173 | ||
| Introduction | 173 | ||
| Functional anatomy review | 173 | ||
| Typical vertebrae – T2–T8 | 173 | ||
| Special features of T1 and T9–12 | 173 | ||
| Assessment | 174 | ||
| Case history | 176 | ||
| Outcome measures | 176 | ||
| Postural analysis | 176 | ||
| Gait analysis | 176 | ||
| Functional tests | 176 | ||
| Active range of motion (AROM) | 176 | ||
| Flexion | 176 | ||
| Extension | 176 | ||
| Lateral flexion (sidebend) | 176 | ||
| Rotation | 176 | ||
| Passive range of motion (PROM) | 177 | ||
| Resisted range of motion (RROM) | 177 | ||
| Resisted and length tests for specific muscles | 178 | ||
| Erector Spinae | 179 | ||
| Strength test | 179 | ||
| 12 The cervical region | 200 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 200 | ||
| Introduction | 200 | ||
| Functional anatomy review | 200 | ||
| Assessment | 201 | ||
| Case history | 201 | ||
| Outcome measures | 203 | ||
| Postural analysis | 203 | ||
| Functional tests | 204 | ||
| a) Active range of motion | 204 | ||
| Flexion (50°)8 | 204 | ||
| Extension (60°) | 204 | ||
| Lateral flexion (sidebend) (45°) | 204 | ||
| Rotation (80°) | 204 | ||
| b) Passive range of motion | 204 | ||
| Flexion | 205 | ||
| Extension | 205 | ||
| Lateral flexion | 205 | ||
| Rotation | 205 | ||
| c) Resisted range of motion | 205 | ||
| d) Tests for specific muscles associated with neck conditions | 205 | ||
| 1. Upper trapezius | 205 | ||
| Resisted test | 205 | ||
| Length test | 205 | ||
| Clinical significance | 206 | ||
| 2. Sternocleidomastoid | 206 | ||
| Resisted test | 206 | ||
| Length test | 206 | ||
| 13 The head and face | 226 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 226 | ||
| Introduction | 226 | ||
| Headache | 226 | ||
| Assessment of the headache client | 226 | ||
| Case history | 227 | ||
| Types of headache | 228 | ||
| Primary headache | 228 | ||
| 1. Migraine | 228 | ||
| Migraine without aura | 228 | ||
| Migraine with aura | 228 | ||
| 2. Tension-type headache | 228 | ||
| 3. Cluster headaches | 229 | ||
| Secondary headache | 229 | ||
| 1. Headache attributable to head and/or neck trauma | 229 | ||
| 2. Headache attributable to a substance or its withdrawal | 229 | ||
| 3. Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cranial structures | 229 | ||
| Cervicogenic headache | 229 | ||
| Outcome measures | 230 | ||
| Postural analysis | 230 | ||
| Functional tests | 230 | ||
| Cervical spine | 230 | ||
| a) Active range of motion | 230 | ||
| Flexion (50°)16 | 230 | ||
| Extension (60°) | 230 | ||
| Lateral flexion (sidebend) (45°) | 230 | ||
| Rotation (80°) | 230 | ||
| b) Passive range of motion (see Chapter 12) | 230 | ||
| Flexion | 231 | ||
| Extension | 231 | ||
| Lateral flexion | 231 | ||
| Rotation | 231 | ||
| c) Resisted range of motion | 231 | ||
| Tests for specific muscles associated with neck conditions | 231 | ||
| d) Special tests | 231 | ||
| Palpation | 231 | ||
| Remedial massage treatment for headache | 231 | ||
| Treatment protocols in remedial massage practice | 232 | ||
| Aromatherapy | 232 | ||
| Acupressure | 232 | ||
| Reflexology | 232 | ||
| The headache technique (derived from Bowen) | 233 | ||
| Client education | 233 | ||
| Home exercises | 233 | ||
| Sinusitis | 233 | ||
| Assessment of the client with sinus pain | 234 | ||
| Case history | 234 | ||
| Observation | 235 | ||
| Palpation | 235 | ||
| Remedial massage treatment for sinusitis | 235 | ||
| Lymphatic drainage of the neck and head | 235 | ||
| 1. Lymphatic pump over the sternum | 235 | ||
| 2. Lymphatic drainage of the head and neck | 236 | ||
| 3. Lymphatic drainage of the face | 236 | ||
| 4. Repeat the lymphatic pump described in 1. | 236 | ||
| Opening the frontal and maxillary sinuses | 236 | ||
| Aromatherapy | 237 | ||
| Acupressure | 237 | ||
| Reflexology | 237 | ||
| Client education | 238 | ||
| Home exercises | 238 | ||
| Temporomandibular joint disorders | 238 | ||
| Disorders of the temporomandibular joint | 238 | ||
| Assessment of the client with TMJ disorder | 238 | ||
| Case history | 238 | ||
| Observation | 239 | ||
| Postural analysis | 239 | ||
| Functional tests | 239 | ||
| Active range of motion tests of the cervical spine (Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation) | 239 | ||
| Active range of motion of the TMJ | 239 | ||
| Resisted range of motion of the TMJ | 239 | ||
| Palpation | 239 | ||
| Remedial massage treatments for TMJ disorders | 240 | ||
| Client education | 241 | ||
| Home exercise program | 241 | ||
| Key messages | 241 | ||
| Headache | 241 | ||
| Sinusitis | 241 | ||
| Temporomandibular joint | 241 | ||
| Appendix 13.1 MIDAS (The Migraine Disability Assessment Test) | 242 | ||
| References | 243 | ||
| 14 The chest | 244 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 244 | ||
| Introduction | 244 | ||
| Functional anatomy review | 244 | ||
| Assessment | 246 | ||
| Case history | 246 | ||
| Outcome measures | 247 | ||
| Postural analysis7 | 247 | ||
| Functional tests | 247 | ||
| Thoracic spine | 248 | ||
| Active range of motion (arom) | 248 | ||
| Flexion | 248 | ||
| Extension | 248 | ||
| Lateral flexion (sidebend) | 248 | ||
| Rotation | 248 | ||
| Passive range of motion (prom) | 248 | ||
| Resisted range of motion (rrom) | 248 | ||
| Resisted and length test for specific muscles9, 10 | 248 | ||
| 1. Pectoralis major | 248 | ||
| Resisted test: Pectoralis major upper fibres (clavicular part) | 248 | ||
| Resisted test: Pectoralis major lower fibres (sternal part) | 248 | ||
| Length test | 248 | ||
| Clinical significance | 248 | ||
| 2. Pectoralis minor | 249 | ||
| Resisted test | 249 | ||
| Length test | 249 | ||
| Clinical significance | 249 | ||
| Special tests | 249 | ||
| Deep breathing | 249 | ||
| Palpation | 250 | ||
| Respiratory excursion | 250 | ||
| Remedial massage treatment | 250 | ||
| Muscle strain | 250 | ||
| Assessment | 250 | ||
| History | 250 | ||
| Postural ANALYSIS | 250 | ||
| 15 The shoulder region | 261 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 261 | ||
| Introduction | 261 | ||
| Functional anatomy | 261 | ||
| Assessment | 261 | ||
| Case history | 262 | ||
| Outcome measures | 264 | ||
| Postural analysis | 264 | ||
| Functional tests | 264 | ||
| Active range of motion of the cervical spine (flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation) | 264 | ||
| Active range of motion of the glenohumeral joint | 264 | ||
| Passive range of motion | 265 | ||
| Resisted range of motion | 265 | ||
| Resisted tests and length tests for specific muscles11, 12 | 265 | ||
| 1. Deltoid muscle | 265 | ||
| Middle deltoid | 265 | ||
| 16 The elbow region | 289 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 289 | ||
| Introduction | 289 | ||
| Functional anatomy | 289 | ||
| Assessing the elbow and forearm | 290 | ||
| Case history | 291 | ||
| Outcome measures | 291 | ||
| Postural analysis | 295 | ||
| Functional tests | 296 | ||
| Active range of motion of the cervical spine (flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation) | 296 | ||
| Active range of motion (AROM) of the glenohumeral joint (flexion, extension, abduction, horizontal adduction, external and internal rotation) | 296 | ||
| Active range of motion of the elbow joint | 296 | ||
| Passive range of motion (PROM) | 296 | ||
| Resisted range of motion (RROM) | 297 | ||
| Resisted tests and length tests for specific muscles7, 8 | 297 | ||
| 1. Brachialis | 297 | ||
| 17 The wrist and hand | 310 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 310 | ||
| Introduction | 310 | ||
| Functional anatomy | 310 | ||
| Assessment | 311 | ||
| Case history | 311 | ||
| Outcome measures | 314 | ||
| Postural analysis | 314 | ||
| Observation of the wrist and hand | 314 | ||
| Functional tests | 319 | ||
| Active range of motion of the cervical spine (flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation) | 319 | ||
| Active range of motion of the glenohumeral joint (flexion, extension, abduction, horizontal adduction, external and internal rotation) | 319 | ||
| Active range of motion of the elbow joint (flexion, extension, pronation and supination) | 319 | ||
| Active range of motion of the wrist and fingers10 | 319 | ||
| Passive range of motion of the wrist and hand | 319 | ||
| Capsular patterns | 319 | ||
| Resisted range of motion | 320 | ||
| Resisted tests and length tests for specific muscles11, 12 | 320 | ||
| 1. Flexor carpi radialis | 320 | ||
| Resisted test | 320 | ||
| 18 The hip region | 337 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 337 | ||
| Introduction | 337 | ||
| Functional anatomy | 337 | ||
| Assessment | 338 | ||
| Case history | 340 | ||
| Outcome measures | 341 | ||
| Postural analysis | 341 | ||
| Gait analysis | 341 | ||
| Functional tests | 341 | ||
| Active range of motion (AROM) of the lumbar spine (flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation) | 341 | ||
| Active range of motion (AROM) of the hip joint | 341 | ||
| Passive range of motion (PROM) | 342 | ||
| Resisted range of motion (RROM) | 342 | ||
| Resisted tests and length tests for specific muscles7, 8 | 342 | ||
| 1. Rectus femoris | 342 | ||
| Resisted test | 342 | ||
| 19 The knee | 357 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 357 | ||
| Introduction | 357 | ||
| Functional anatomy | 357 | ||
| Extra-capsular ligaments | 357 | ||
| Intra-capsular ligaments | 358 | ||
| Muscles | 359 | ||
| Assessment | 360 | ||
| Case history | 360 | ||
| Outcome measures | 362 | ||
| Postural analysis | 362 | ||
| Gait analysis | 362 | ||
| Functional tests | 362 | ||
| Active range of motion (AROM) of the lumbar spine (flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation) | 362 | ||
| AROM of the hip joint | 363 | ||
| AROM of the knee | 363 | ||
| Passive range of motion (PROM) | 363 | ||
| Resisted range of motion (RROM) | 363 | ||
| Resisted tests and length tests for specific muscles11, 12 | 363 | ||
| 1. Hamstrings | 363 | ||
| Resisted tests | 363 | ||
| Lateral hamstrings (biceps femoris) | 363 | ||
| Medial hamstrings (semimembranosus, semitendinosus) | 363 | ||
| Length test | 363 | ||
| 2. Quadriceps | 363 | ||
| Resisted test | 363 | ||
| 20 The leg, ankle and foot | 382 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 382 | ||
| Introduction | 382 | ||
| Deep venous thrombosis | 382 | ||
| Functional anatomy | 382 | ||
| Nerve supply to muscles of the leg, ankle and foot | 384 | ||
| Assessment | 384 | ||
| Case history | 386 | ||
| Outcome measures | 387 | ||
| Postural analysis | 388 | ||
| Observing the ankles and feet | 388 | ||
| Gait analysis | 389 | ||
| Functional tests | 389 | ||
| Active range of motion of the lumbar spine and pelvis (flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation) | 390 | ||
| Active range of motion of the hip joint (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external and internal rotation) | 390 | ||
| Active range of motion of the knee joint (flexion, extension, internal and external rotation) | 390 | ||
| Active range of motion of the ankle and foot 5 | 390 | ||
| Passive range of motion of the ankle and foot | 390 | ||
| Resisted range of motion | 390 | ||
| Ankle | 390 | ||
| Hallux | 390 | ||
| 2nd to 5th toes | 390 | ||
| Resisted tests and length tests for specific muscles | 390 | ||
| 1. Gastrocnemius | 392 | ||
| 21 Specific client groups | 415 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 415 | ||
| Introduction | 415 | ||
| Children and adolescents | 415 | ||
| Important considerations for assessing and treating children | 415 | ||
| Evidence for the effectiveness of massage for children | 417 | ||
| Women | 418 | ||
| Important considerations for assessing and treating women | 418 | ||
| Evidence for the effectiveness of massage for women’s health | 418 | ||
| Men | 419 | ||
| Important considerations for assessing and treating men | 419 | ||
| Geriatric clients | 419 | ||
| Important considerations for assessing and treating geriatric clients | 420 | ||
| Evidence for the effectiveness of massage for older clients | 420 | ||
| Clients with a mental illness | 420 | ||
| Important considerations for assessing and treating clients with a mental illness | 420 | ||
| Evidence for the effectiveness of massage for clients with a mental illness | 421 | ||
| Key messages | 421 | ||
| References | 422 | ||
| Index | 424 | ||
| A | 424 | ||
| B | 424 | ||
| C | 424 | ||
| D | 425 | ||
| E | 425 | ||
| F | 425 | ||
| G | 426 | ||
| H | 426 | ||
| I | 427 | ||
| J | 427 | ||
| K | 427 | ||
| L | 427 | ||
| M | 428 | ||
| N | 428 | ||
| O | 428 | ||
| P | 428 | ||
| Q | 429 | ||
| R | 429 | ||
| S | 429 | ||
| T | 430 | ||
| U | 431 | ||
| V | 431 | ||
| W | 431 | ||
| Y | 431 |