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Maxillofacial Trauma and Esthetic Facial Reconstruction - E-Book

Maxillofacial Trauma and Esthetic Facial Reconstruction - E-Book

Peter Ward Booth | Barry Eppley | Rainer Schmelzeisen

(2016)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Filled with hundreds of superb, full-color photographs and step-by-step, illustrated procedures, Maxillofacial Trauma and Esthetic Facial Reconstruction, 2nd Edition, is your definitive source on all aspects of managing facial trauma. World-renowned authors Peter Ward Booth, Barry L. Eppley, and Rainer Schmelzeisen deliver today's foremost guidance on everything from management of the acute trauma patient to the newest materials in surgical trauma to secondary procedures for improved facial appearance.

"Maxillofacial Trauma and Esthetic Facial Reconstruction is a comprehensive text dealing with a difficult area and where competing titles are plentiful. This book is refreshing and seems to add a new perspective in this genre with the combination of facial trauma management and reconstruction in the one hardback book. For this reason together with the sheer quantity and quality of the photos and illustrations - this book is highly recommended."

- The Journal of Surgery, review of the first edition

  • Offers complete coverage of maxillofacial trauma highlighted by an unparalleled collection of outstanding, full-color photographs, and highly detailed line drawings that clarify surgical procedures.
  • Addresses secondary surgery in a dedicated section, covering such topics as facial scar management; secondary osteotomies and bone grafting to correct deformities; bone distraction, used commonly with congenital malformations; secondary rhinoplasty for traumatic nasal deformities, which are associated with a variety of cosmetic and functional issues; secondary orbital surgery; facial nerve injuries; and psychological support for patient with facial trauma.
  • Features an outstanding, full-color art program, with more than 750 color photos that cover all aspects of injury and treatment, and 250 color line drawings that walk you step by step through surgical procedures.
  • Includes contributions from a "who's who" list of international experts in oral and maxillofacial surgery, psychology, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and craniofacial surgery.
  • Discusses the latest etiology and management of trauma, walking you through all aspects of injury, treatment, and surgical procedures.
  • Provides stabilizing guidance prior to surgery in the acute care chapter.
  • Presents updated information on new imaging technology, current surgical procedures, and innovative treatment software throughout.
  • Includes more illustrations to guide you to the best radiologic investigation for each injury.
  • Relates brain injury to the overall management of the face for both function and esthetics.
  • Contains updated guidelines on facial fractures, expanded information on psychological problems following facial trauma, and a new chapter on pediatric trauma.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front cover cover
Maxillofacial Trauma and Esthetic Facial Reconstruction iii
Copyright page iv
Contributors v
Preface ix
Table of contents xi
SECTION I: Principles 1
Chapter 1: Etiology and Prevention of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma 3
Classification of Facial Trauma 3
Medicolegal Description of Injuries 5
Road Traffic Accidents 6
Gun and War Injuries 11
Sports Injuries 12
Falls 12
Prevention of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma 13
Shifting Etiologic Factors 16
References 17
Chapter 2: Medicolegal Implications of Facial Injuries 19
Tort Law 19
The Treating Physician and Litigation 19
The Litigation Process 21
Deposition and Trial Testimony 21
Medical Malpractice 23
Controversies 23
Conclusion 23
The English Legal System 24
The Clinician’s Role in the Legal Process 24
References 27
Chapter 3: Immediate Care in the Emergency Room 28
Prehospital Care 29
Initial Assessment of the Patient 31
Primary Survey and Resuscitation 32
Secondary Survey 51
Records and Legal Consideration 57
Conclusion 57
References 57
Chapter 4: Management of Head Injury 59
Epidemiology of Head Injury 59
Measurement of Injury Severity and Outcome 60
Physiology of Head Injury 61
Biomechanics and Pathology of Head Injury 61
Management of Head Injuries 65
National Institute for Clinical Excellence Guidelines on Management of Head Injuries 65
Posttraumatic Seizures 68
Postconcussion Syndrome 69
References 69
Chapter 5: Imaging 71
Imaging Modalities and Techniques 71
Initial Assessment 77
Recognition and Interpretation of Facial Injury 81
Specific Problems 89
Radiography of Facial Injuries 100
Acknowledgments 102
References 102
Chapter 6: Principles of Facial Soft Tissue Injury Repair 104
Wound Assessment 104
Excluding Fractures During Assessment 105
Soft Tissue Handling 108
Postoperative Care 114
Acknowledgment 116
References 116
Chapter 7: Principles of Reduction of Fractures and Methods of Fixation 117
Principles of Reduction 120
Outcomes 128
Special Considerations 128
Conclusions 130
References 131
Chapter 8: Alloplastic Biomaterials for Facial Reconstruction 132
Alloplastic Materials, Biocompatibility, and Wound Healing 132
Principles of Facial Alloplastic Material Selection and Surgical Placement 132
Alloplastic Implant Types 133
Management of Alloplastic Infection 142
References 143
SECTION II: Definitive Management 145
Chapter 9: Surgical Access 147
Principles 147
Incision Placement 147
Coronal Access 148
Temporal Access 150
Periorbital Access 151
Transoral Approaches 154
Transfacial Approaches 155
Nasal Approaches 159
Endoscopic Access 161
Chapter 10: A Logical Approach to Orbital Trauma 162
Clinical Assessment of Orbital Injury 165
Applied Surgical Anatomy 166
Assessment 172
The Timing of Surgery 175
Prevention and Management of Enophthalmos 176
Disorders of Ocular Motility 176
Disorders of Central Control of Eye Movements 178
Eye Injuries 179
Conclusion 186
Acknowledgment 186
References 189
Chapter 11: Craniofacial and Frontal Sinus Fractures 192
Historical Perspectives 192
Classification of Craniofacial Fractures 192
Clinical Features 193
Radiological Assessment 195
Rationale for the Treatment of Craniofacial Fractures 196
Timing of Surgery 198
Principles of Surgical Management of Craniofacial Fractures16,17 198
Study of Patients Treated at Southampton, 1988-2008 201
Management of Frontal Sinus Injuries 202
Southampton Protocol 207
Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics 207
Outcomes 207
References 207
Chapter 12: Nasoethmoid Fractures 209
State of the Art 209
Clinical Examination 209
Radiological Examination 212
Timing of Treatment 212
Anatomy 212
Treatment 216
Pediatric Considerations 219
Outcomes 220
Controversies 220
References 221
Chapter 13: Nasal Fractures 222
Classification 222
Assessment 222
Management 223
Outcomes 227
Complications 227
References 227
Chapter 14: Maxillary and Panfacial Fractures 228
Classification of Midface Fractures and Outcomes 228
Assessment 230
Operative Strategy: State-of-the-Art Management 233
Management of Ballistic and Avulsive Injuries of the Face 249
Management of Fractures of the Edentulous Maxilla 250
References 251
Chapter 15: Mandibular Fractures in Adults 252
A Brief Historical Overview 252
Epidemiology 253
Initial Assessment 253
Clinical Features 254
Imaging 255
Classification of Mandibular Fractures 256
Basic Principles of Fracture Management 256
Closed Versus Open Treatments 257
Timing of Surgical Repair 258
Specific Treatments 258
Aftercare and Follow-Up 263
Complications in Mandibular Fracture Management 264
Special Considerations 265
Conclusion 268
References 268
Chapter 16: Condylar Fractures 270
Clinical Findings and Investigations 271
Management Strategies 272
Surgical Approaches 276
Condylar Fractures in Children 283
Compound Fractures 284
Complications 284
Esthetic Aspects 285
Assessment Scores and Outcomes 285
Conclusion 286
References 286
Chapter 17: Dentoalveolar Injuries 288
Classification of DentoAlveolar Injuries 288
History and Examination 288
State-of-the-Art Management of Injuries to the Primary Dentition 290
State-of-the-Art Management of Sequelae of Injuries to the Primary Dentition 292
State-of-the-Art Management of Injuries to the Permanent Dentition 293
References 302
Chapter 18: Eyelid and Lacrimal Injuries 304
Anatomy 304
Assessment 307
Management Priorities and Anesthesia 313
Acute Management of Eyelid and Lacrimal Trauma 313
Late Repair of Eyelid and Lacrimal Trauma 338
Recommended Reading 340
Chapter 19: Primary Repair of Facial Soft Tissue Injuries 342
Scalp and Forehead 342
Eyelids 346
Nose 353
Lips 355
Intraoral Wounds 358
Ear 359
Facial Nerve 362
Parotid Duct 363
References 367
Chapter 20: Reconstruction of Large Hard and Soft Tissue Loss of the Face 368
Gunshot Pathophysiology 368
Wound Classification 369
State-Of-The-Art Management: Basic Principles 370
Reconstructive Flap Options 372
Regional Considerations 376
Prosthetic Reconstruction 392
Controversies 394
Face Transplantation 397
Conclusion 401
References 401
Chapter 21: Facial Nerve Injuries 402
Epidemiology 402
State-of-the-Art Management 402
Diagnosis and Timing of Treatment 404
Surgical Repair 405
Problems and Pitfalls 412
Postoperative Care 412
Outcomes of Nerve Reconstruction 413
References 413
Chapter 22: Facial Burns 415
Causes and Classification of Burns 415
Role of Topical Antimicrobials 416
State-of-the-Art Management 417
Controversies 425
References 426
SECTION III: Secondary Surgery 427
Chapter 23: Facial Scar Management 429
Factors Affecting Wound Healing 429
Types of Wound 430
Management of Acute Wounds 431
Assessment of Existing Scar 432
Practical Management of Facial Scars 435
Innovations 441
References 442
Chapter 24: Secondary Osteotomies and Bone Grafting 443
Classification 443
Principles of Management 443
Treatment Techniques 445
References 469
Chapter 25: Facial Distraction Techniques 470
History of Distraction 470
Principle of Bone Distraction 470
Indications and Techniques for Bone Distraction 471
Preoperative Planning 477
Complications 478
References 479
Chapter 26: Secondary Rhinoplasty for Traumatic Nasal Deformities 480
Anatomical Deformities And Evaluation 480
Clinical Examination 480
Esthetics 483
Investigations 483
Summary Of Preoperative Examination 483
Common Traumatic Nasal Deformities 483
State-Of-The-Art Management 485
Controversies 496
Conclusion 497
References 497
Chapter 27: Secondary Orbital Surgery 498
Assessment Of Orbital Deformity 498
History And Clinical Examination 499
Imaging 500
Enophthalmos 502
Materials For Orbital Reconstruction 505
Treatment 506
Soft Tissues 513
Conclusions 515
References 515
Chapter 28: Facial Nerve Injuries: 516
Aims 516
Anatomy Of The Facial Nerve 516
Functional Problems 516
Principles 518
Outcomes 529
Controversies 530
References 533
Chapter 29: Psychological Support and Intervention in Facial Injuries 535
Social Psychology and the Face 535
Psychosocial Impact of Facial Disfigurement 536
Psychological Aspects of Maxillofacial Trauma 537
Planning and Managing Psychological Support after Maxillofacial Trauma 543
Stepped-Care Approach to Psychosocial Management 543
Planning for Elective Surgery 545
Psychological Aspects of Facial Transplantation 546
Psychological Issues in Reconstructive Surgery 547
Providers of Psychosocial Support 547
Conclusions 548
Acknowledgment 548
References 548
SECTION IV: Innovations 551
Chapter 30: Biomaterials in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery 553
Bone Substitutes 553
Polymers 555
Resorbable Polymers 557
Metals 560
Biofilm Formation 561
Conclusion 561
Biomaterials For Tissue Engineering 562
References 562
Chapter 31: Minimally Invasive Surgery 563
State-of-the-Art Management 563
Outcome 568
Controversies 569
Conclusion 572
References 572
Chapter 32: Computer-Assisted Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: 574
Diagnostic Imaging 574
Segmentation Procedures 574
Planning and Simulation 574
Intraoperative Support 575
Intraoperative Imaging 576
Postoperative Evaluation 576
Diagnostic Imaging Applications 576
Planning and Simulation Applications 577
Computer-Assisted Intraoperative Support Applications 582
Evaluation of Surgical Outcome 588
Conclusion 589
Acknowledgments 590
References 590
Chapter 33: Clinical Application of Computer-Assisted Reconstruction in Complex Traumatic Deformities 591
Clinical Applications of CAPP and CAS 593
References 608
Index 609