Menu Expand
Diagnostic Pathology: Breast E-Book

Diagnostic Pathology: Breast E-Book

Susan C. Lester | David G. Hicks

(2016)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Part of the highly regarded Diagnostic Pathology series, Diagnostic Pathology: Breast, second edition, is a visually stunning, easy-to-use reference covering all aspects of breast pathology. Outstanding images, including gross and microscopic pathology, a wide range of supportive immunohistochemistry, and detailed medical illustrations with numerous examples of morphologic findings, make this an invaluable diagnostic aid for every practicing pathologist, resident, or fellow. This second edition incorporates the most recent clinical, pathological, histological, and molecular knowledge in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of all key issues relevant to today’s practice.

  • Thoroughly updated content throughout, including coverage of new technologies and molecular approaches that are quickly moving out of the laboratory into clinical diagnosis and therapeutic decision making
  • New to this edition: Tips on how to biopsy and send the best block for breast cancer predictive factor testing, updated prognostic assays, updated national guidelines (including HER2 testing) with photos, neoadjuvant treatment, new drugs for HER2-positive cancers, and pattern-based differential diagnosis chapters and guidance on the most helpful IHC antibodies
  • For each anatomical site, you will find CAP cancer staging and specimen handling protocols, plus detailed immunohistochemistry panels to accompany the images
  • High-quality, carefully annotated color images provide clinically and diagnostically important information
  • Fully integrated, searchable, and linked content between differential diagnostic categories is perfectly suited for residents, while new images and outstanding graphics make this text ideal for both residents and practitioners
  • Time-saving reference features include bulleted text, a variety of data tables, key facts in each chapter, annotated images, and an extensive index

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Diagnostic Pathology: Breast iii
Copyright Page iv
Table of Contents xii
Dedications v
Preface vi
Acknowledgments ix
Sections xi
SECTION 1: Normal Breast 3
Chapter 1. Histology of Normal Breast 4
TERMINOLOGY 4
INTRODUCTION 4
GROSS ANATOMY 4
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY 4
EPITHELIAL CELLS 5
MAMMARY STROMA 6
SELECTED REFERENCES 7
Chapter 2.\rBreast Life Cycle Changes 14
FEMALE BREAST 14
SELECTED REFERENCES 16
SECTION 2:\rBreast Specimens, Processing 21
Chapter 3.\rGeneral Considerations 22
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN SURGEONS AND PATHOLOGISTS 22
INTRAOPERATIVE CONSULTATIONS 22
SPECIMEN RADIOGRAPHY 23
FIXATION 24
TISSUE FOR SPECIAL STUDIES 25
ERRORS IN SPECIMEN PROCESSING 25
REPORTING 26
SELECTED REFERENCES 26
Chapter 4.\rCore Needle Biopsies 30
FEATURES OF HIGH-QUALITY CORE NEEDLE BIOPSY PROGRAM 30
MODALITIES 30
TYPES OF NEEDLE BIOPSIES 31
SPECIMEN PROCESSING 31
CHALLENGES IN NEEDLE BIOPSY SPECIMENS 32
REPORTING CORE BIOPSY RESULTS 33
CHALLENGES IN EXCISIONS 33
SELECTED REFERENCES 34
Chapter 5.\rExcisions 42
INTRODUCTION 42
SPECIMEN PROCESSING 43
DIFFICULT CASES 45
SELECTED REFERENCES 45
Chapter 6.\rMargins and Reexcisions 48
INTRODUCTION 48
TYPES OF MARGINS 49
RADIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF MARGINS 50
IMMEDIATE GROSS ASSESSMENT OF MARGINS 50
SAMPLING MARGINS 50
ORIENTATION OF MARGINS 50
REPORTING MARGINS 51
SELECTED REFERENCES 51
Chapter 7.\rMastectomies 54
INTRODUCTION 54
SPECIMEN PROCESSING 55
SELECTED REFERENCES 56
Chapter 8.\rReduction Mammoplasties 60
TERMINOLOGY 60
INTRODUCTION 60
MACROSCOPIC 61
SELECTED REFERENCES 61
SECTION 3: Diagnostic Patterns 65
Chapter 9.\rOverview of Papillary Lesions 66
TERMINOLOGY 66
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 66
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 66
MICROSCOPIC 67
SELECTED REFERENCES 68
Chapter 10.\rOverview of Spindle Cell Lesions 70
SECTION 4:\rDisorders of Development 77
Chapter 11.\rJuvenile Papillomatosis 78
TERMINOLOGY 79
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 79
CLINICAL ISSUES 79
IMAGING 79
MACROSCOPIC 79
MICROSCOPIC 79
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 79
SELECTED REFERENCES 79
Chapter 12.\rGynecomastia 80
TERMINOLOGY 81
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 81
CLINICAL ISSUES 81
IMAGING 81
MACROSCOPIC 82
MICROSCOPIC 82
ANCILLARY TESTS 82
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 82
SELECTED REFERENCES 82
Chapter 13.\rHamartoma (Fibroadenolipoma) 84
TERMINOLOGY 85
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 85
CLINICAL ISSUES 85
IMAGING 85
MACROSCOPIC 85
MICROSCOPIC 85
ANCILLARY TESTS 86
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 86
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 86
REPORTING 86
SELECTED REFERENCES 86
SECTION 5:\rBenign Epithelial Lesions 89
Chapter 14.\rEpidemiology: Lesions Conferring Increased Risk of Breast Carcinoma 90
TERMINOLOGY 90
INTRODUCTION 90
EPIDEMIOLOGY 91
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 92
MICROSCOPIC 92
SELECTED REFERENCES 93
Chapter 15.\rNonproliferative Changes 96
TERMINOLOGY 97
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 97
CLINICAL ISSUES 97
IMAGING 97
MACROSCOPIC 97
MICROSCOPIC 97
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 98
SELECTED REFERENCES 98
Chapter 16. Columnar Cell Change, Columnar Cell Hyperplasia, and Flat Epithelial Atypia 100
TERMINOLOGY 101
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 101
CLINICAL ISSUES 101
IMAGING 102
MACROSCOPIC 102
MICROSCOPIC 102
ANCILLARY TESTS 102
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 102
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 103
REPORTING 103
SELECTED REFERENCES 103
Chapter 17.\rMucocele-Like Lesions 108
TERMINOLOGY 109
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 109
CLINICAL ISSUES 109
IMAGING 109
MICROSCOPIC 109
ANCILLARY TESTS 110
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 110
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 110
SELECTED REFERENCES 110
Chapter 18.\rCollagenous Spherulosis 112
TERMINOLOGY 113
CLINICAL ISSUES 113
MICROSCOPIC 113
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 113
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 113
SELECTED REFERENCES 113
Chapter 19.\rGynecomastoid Hyperplasia 118
TERMINOLOGY 119
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 119
CLINICAL ISSUES 119
IMAGING 119
MACROSCOPIC 119
MICROSCOPIC 119
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 119
SELECTED REFERENCES 119
Chapter 20.\rSyringomatous Tumor of the Nipple 120
TERMINOLOGY 121
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 121
CLINICAL ISSUES 121
IMAGING 121
MACROSCOPIC 121
MICROSCOPIC 121
ANCILLARY TESTS 122
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 122
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 122
SELECTED REFERENCES 122
Chapter 21.\rSclerosing Adenosis 126
TERMINOLOGY 127
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 127
CLINICAL ISSUES 127
IMAGING 127
MACROSCOPIC 127
MICROSCOPIC 127
ANCILLARY TESTS 128
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 128
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 129
REPORTING 129
SELECTED REFERENCES 129
Chapter 22.\rEpithelial Hyperplasia 134
TERMINOLOGY 135
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 135
CLINICAL ISSUES 135
IMAGING 135
MACROSCOPIC 135
MICROSCOPIC 135
ANCILLARY TESTS 136
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 136
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 137
REPORTING 137
SELECTED REFERENCES 137
Chapter 23. Radial Sclerosing Lesion/Radial Scar 140
TERMINOLOGY 141
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 141
CLINICAL ISSUES 141
IMAGING 141
MACROSCOPIC 142
MICROSCOPIC 142
ANCILLARY TESTS 142
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 142
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 143
SELECTED REFERENCES 143
Chapter 24.\rPapilloma, Large Duct and Small Duct 146
TERMINOLOGY 147
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 147
CLINICAL ISSUES 147
IMAGING 147
MACROSCOPIC 148
MICROSCOPIC 148
ANCILLARY TESTS 149
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 149
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 149
REPORTING 150
SELECTED REFERENCES 150
Chapter 25.\rNipple Adenoma 156
TERMINOLOGY 157
CLINICAL ISSUES 157
IMAGING 157
MACROSCOPIC 157
MICROSCOPIC 157
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 158
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 158
SELECTED REFERENCES 158
Chapter 26.\rMicroglandular Adenosis 162
TERMINOLOGY 163
CLASSIFICATION 163
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 163
CLINICAL ISSUES 163
IMAGING 164
MACROSCOPIC 164
MICROSCOPIC 164
ANCILLARY TESTS 164
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 164
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 165
REPORTING 165
SELECTED REFERENCES 165
Chapter 27.\rAtypical Ductal Hyperplasia 168
TERMINOLOGY 169
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 169
CLINICAL ISSUES 169
IMAGING 170
MACROSCOPIC 170
MICROSCOPIC 170
ANCILLARY TESTS 171
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 171
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 171
REPORTING 172
SELECTED REFERENCES 172
Chapter 28.\rAtypical Lobular Hyperplasia 176
TERMINOLOGY 177
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 177
CLINICAL ISSUES 177
IMAGING 178
MICROSCOPIC 178
ANCILLARY TESTS 178
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 179
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 179
REPORTING 179
SELECTED REFERENCES 179
SECTION 6: Carcinomas 182
Chapter 29.\rRisk Factors for Developing Breast Carcinoma 184
BREAST CANCER RISK 184
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER RISK 184
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 187
SELECTED REFERENCES 187
Carcinoma In Situ 190
Chapter 30.\rLobular Carcinoma In Situ 190
TERMINOLOGY 191
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 191
CLINICAL ISSUES 191
IMAGING 192
MACROSCOPIC 192
MICROSCOPIC 192
ANCILLARY TESTS 193
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 193
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 194
REPORTING 194
SELECTED REFERENCES 194
Chapter 31.\rDuctal Carcinoma In Situ 202
TERMINOLOGY 203
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 203
CLINICAL ISSUES 203
IMAGING 204
MACROSCOPIC 204
MICROSCOPIC 204
ANCILLARY TESTS 205
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 205
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 206
REPORTING 206
SELECTED REFERENCES 206
Chapter 32.\rDuctal Carcinoma In Situ, Paget Disease 216
TERMINOLOGY 217
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 217
CLINICAL ISSUES 217
IMAGING 218
MACROSCOPIC 218
MICROSCOPIC 218
ANCILLARY TESTS 219
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 219
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 220
REPORTING 220
SELECTED REFERENCES 220
Chapter 33.\rDuctal Carcinoma In Situ With Microinvasion 226
TERMINOLOGY 227
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 227
CLINICAL ISSUES 227
IMAGING 227
MACROSCOPIC 227
MICROSCOPIC 228
ANCILLARY TESTS 229
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 229
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 229
REPORTING 229
SELECTED REFERENCES 229
Chapter 34.\rEncapsulated Papillary Carcinoma 232
TERMINOLOGY 233
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 233
CLINICAL ISSUES 233
IMAGING 233
MACROSCOPIC 233
MOLECULAR 233
MICROSCOPIC 233
ANCILLARY TESTS 234
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 234
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 234
REPORTING 235
SELECTED REFERENCES 235
Types of Invasive Carcinoma 238
Chapter 35.\rInvasive Ductal Carcinoma (Adenocarcinomas of No Special Type) 238
TERMINOLOGY 239
CLASSIFICATION 239
CLINICAL ISSUES 239
IMAGING 240
MACROSCOPIC 240
MICROSCOPIC 240
ANCILLARY TESTS 241
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 241
SELECTED REFERENCES 242
Chapter 36.\rInvasive Lobular Carcinoma 248
TERMINOLOGY 249
CLASSIFICATION 249
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 249
CLINICAL ISSUES 250
IMAGING 250
MACROSCOPIC 250
MICROSCOPIC 250
ANCILLARY TESTS 251
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 252
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 252
GRADING 252
REPORTING 252
SELECTED REFERENCES 252
Chapter 37.\rInvasive Lobular Carcinoma Variants 258
TERMINOLOGY 259
CLASSIFICATION 259
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 259
CLINICAL ISSUES 259
IMAGING 260
MICROSCOPIC 260
ANCILLARY TESTS 260
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 260
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 261
REPORTING 261
SELECTED REFERENCES 261
Chapter 38.\rTubular/Cribriform Carcinoma 264
TERMINOLOGY 265
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 265
CLINICAL ISSUES 265
IMAGING 265
MACROSCOPIC 265
MICROSCOPIC 266
ANCILLARY TESTS 266
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 266
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 267
GRADING 267
REPORTING 267
SELECTED REFERENCES 267
Chapter 39.\rTubulolobular Carcinoma 272
TERMINOLOGY 273
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 273
CLINICAL ISSUES 273
IMAGING 273
MACROSCOPIC 273
MICROSCOPIC 273
ANCILLARY TESTS 274
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 274
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 274
REPORTING 274
SELECTED REFERENCES 274
Chapter 40.\rCarcinoma With Medullary Features 276
TERMINOLOGY 277
CLASSIFICATION 277
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 277
CLINICAL ISSUES 277
IMAGING 278
MACROSCOPIC 278
MICROSCOPIC 278
ANCILLARY TESTS 279
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 279
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 279
REPORTING 279
SELECTED REFERENCES 279
Chapter 41.\rMucinous (Colloid) Carcinoma 282
TERMINOLOGY 283
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 283
CLINICAL ISSUES 283
IMAGING 283
MACROSCOPIC 284
MICROSCOPIC 284
ANCILLARY TESTS 285
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 285
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 286
SELECTED REFERENCES 286
Chapter 42.\rInvasive Papillary Carcinoma 292
TERMINOLOGY 293
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 293
CLINICAL ISSUES 293
IMAGING 293
MACROSCOPIC 293
MICROSCOPIC 293
ANCILLARY TESTS 294
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 294
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 294
REPORTING 294
SELECTED REFERENCES 294
Chapter 43.\rInvasive Micropapillary Carcinoma 298
TERMINOLOGY 299
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 299
CLINICAL ISSUES 299
IMAGING 299
MACROSCOPIC 299
MOLECULAR 299
MICROSCOPIC 300
ANCILLARY TESTS 300
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 301
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 301
REPORTING 301
SELECTED REFERENCES 301
Chapter 44.\rMetaplastic Carcinoma 306
TERMINOLOGY 307
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 307
CLINICAL ISSUES 307
IMAGING 308
MACROSCOPIC 308
MICROSCOPIC 308
ANCILLARY TESTS 309
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 309
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 310
REPORTING 310
SELECTED REFERENCES 310
Chapter 45.\rLow-Grade Adenosquamous Carcinoma 316
TERMINOLOGY 317
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 317
CLINICAL ISSUES 317
IMAGING 317
MACROSCOPIC 317
MICROSCOPIC 317
ANCILLARY TESTS 318
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 318
SELECTED REFERENCES 318
Chapter 46.\rBasal-Like Carcinoma 324
TERMINOLOGY 325
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 325
CLINICAL ISSUES 326
IMAGING 326
MACROSCOPIC 326
MICROSCOPIC 326
ANCILLARY TESTS 327
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 327
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 328
REPORTING 328
SELECTED REFERENCES 328
Chapter 47.\rAdenoid Cystic Carcinoma 332
TERMINOLOGY 333
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 333
CLINICAL ISSUES 333
IMAGING 334
MACROSCOPIC 334
MOLECULAR 334
MICROSCOPIC 334
ANCILLARY TESTS 334
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 335
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 336
REPORTING 336
SELECTED REFERENCES 336
Chapter 48.\rSecretory Carcinoma 342
TERMINOLOGY 343
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 343
CLINICAL ISSUES 343
IMAGING 344
MACROSCOPIC 344
MICROSCOPIC 344
ANCILLARY TESTS 344
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 344
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 345
REPORTING 345
SELECTED REFERENCES 345
Chapter 49.\rHER2-Positive Carcinoma 350
TERMINOLOGY 351
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 351
CLINICAL ISSUES 351
MICROSCOPIC 352
ANCILLARY TESTS 353
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 354
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 354
REPORTING 354
SELECTED REFERENCES 354
Chapter 50.\rInflammatory Carcinoma 360
TERMINOLOGY 361
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 361
CLINICAL ISSUES 361
IMAGING 362
MACROSCOPIC 362
MICROSCOPIC 362
ANCILLARY TESTS 363
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 363
STAGING 363
REPORTING 363
SELECTED REFERENCES 363
Chapter 51.\rInvasive Apocrine Carcinoma 366
TERMINOLOGY 367
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 367
CLINICAL ISSUES 367
IMAGING 368
MICROSCOPIC 368
ANCILLARY TESTS 368
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 368
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 369
REPORTING 369
SELECTED REFERENCES 369
Chapter 52.\rCarcinoma With Neuroendocrine Features 372
TERMINOLOGY 373
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 373
CLINICAL ISSUES 373
MICROSCOPIC 374
ANCILLARY TESTS 374
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 375
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 375
SELECTED REFERENCES 375
Chapter 53.\rInvasive Carcinoma With Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells 380
TERMINOLOGY 381
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 381
CLINICAL ISSUES 381
IMAGING 381
MACROSCOPIC 381
MICROSCOPIC 381
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 381
SELECTED REFERENCES 381
Chapter 54. Carcinoma With Extensive Intraductal Component 382
TERMINOLOGY 382
EPIDEMIOLOGY 382
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 382
IMAGING CORRELATIONS 383
ANATOMIC DISTRIBUTION OF DCIS 384
BIOLOGIC CORRELATIONS FOR EIC 384
SELECTED REFERENCES 384
Prognostic and Predictive Factors 386
Chapter 55. Introduction: Prognostic and Predictive Factors 386
TERMINOLOGY 386
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 386
MAJOR PROGNOSTIC FACTORS 386
ADDITIONAL PROGNOSTIC FACTORS 388
COMBINING PROGNOSTIC FACTORS 389
SELECTED REFERENCES 390
Chapter 56. Size and Multiple Foci 394
INTRODUCTION 394
METHODS OF EVALUATION 395
DIFFICULT SPECIMENS 396
REPORTING CRITERIA 396
SELECTED REFERENCES 396
Chapter 57. AJCC T4 Carcinomas (Chest Wall or Skin Involvement) 398
TERMINOLOGY 398
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 398
EPIDEMIOLOGY 399
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 399
MACROSCOPIC 399
MICROSCOPIC 400
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 400
SELECTED REFERENCES 400
Chapter 58. Lymph Node Metastases 404
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 404
MACROSCOPIC 405
MICROSCOPIC 406
REPORTING CRITERIA 406
ANCILLARY STUDIES 406
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 407
SELECTED REFERENCES 408
Chapter 59. Histologic Grade 416
TERMINOLOGY 416
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 416
SPECIAL HISTOLOGIC TYPES AND GRADE 417
CLINICAL/PATHOLOGIC CORRELATES AND GRADE 418
GRADE AND GENOMIC CHANGES 419
SELECTED REFERENCES 419
Chapter 60. Lymph-Vascular Invasion 422
TERMINOLOGY 422
EPIDEMIOLOGY 422
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 422
MICROSCOPIC 423
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 424
SELECTED REFERENCES 424
Chapter 61. Hormone Receptors (ER/PR) 430
TERMINOLOGY 430
BREAST HORMONE RECEPTORS 430
HORMONE RECEPTORS AND BREASTCANCER 431
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 431
IMPLICATIONS FOR TESTING 432
QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL 433
HORMONE RECEPTOR TESTING BY MRNA 434
SELECTED REFERENCES 434
Chapter 62. HER2 440
TERMINOLOGY 440
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 440
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 440
CORE NEEDLE BIOPSIES 444
SELECTED REFERENCES 444
Chapter 63. Locally Recurrent Carcinoma 452
TERMINOLOGY 453
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 453
CLINICAL ISSUES 453
ANCILLARY TESTS 454
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 455
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 455
REPORTING 455
SELECTED REFERENCES 455
Chapter 64. Neoadjuvant Therapy 458
TERMINOLOGY 458
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 458
MACROSCOPIC 459
MICROSCOPIC 460
REPORTING AFTER NEOADJUVANT THERAPY 461
SELECTED REFERENCES 462
Chapter 65. Circulating Tumor Cells 468
TERMINOLOGY 468
CLINICAL ISSUES 468
SELECTED REFERENCES 469
New Approaches to Breast Cancer\rEvaluation Using Multigene Assays 470
Chapter 66. DNA Analysis 470
TERMINOLOGY 470
DNA ALTERATIONS IN BREAST CANCER 470
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 470
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 471
SELECTED REFERENCES 471
Chapter 67. Expression Profiling, mRNA 474
TERMINOLOGY 474
GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING 474
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 474
EXPRESSION PROFILING ASSAYS 475
SELECTED REFERENCES 476
Chapter 68. Expression Profiling, Oncotype DX Assay 478
INTRODUCTION 478
ONCOTYPE DX FOR INVASIVE CARCINOMA 478
PREDICTION OF ONCOTYPE DX RS 479
ONCOTYPE DX SINGLE GENE SCORES 480
ONCOTYPE DX FOR DCIS 480
SELECTED REFERENCES 481
Chapter 69. Expression Profiling, MammaPrint Assay 482
TERMINOLOGY 482
INTRODUCTION 482
MAMMAPRINT 482
SELECTED REFERENCES 483
Chapter 70. Expression Profiling, Prosigna (NanoString)/PAM50 484
INTRODUCTION 484
PAM50 ASSAY 484
SELECTED REFERENCES 485
Chapter 71. Expression Profiling, Protein 486
TERMINOLOGY 486
INTRODUCTION 486
PROTEIN EXPRESSION PROFILING 487
PROTEIN EXPRESSION PROFILING: SINGLE ANTIBODIES 487
PROTEIN EXPRESSION PROFILING: MULTIPLE ANTIBODY PANELS 487
SPECIAL TECHNIQUES FOR PROTEIN EVALUATION 489
SELECTED REFERENCES 489
SECTION 7: Stromal Lesions 495
Chapter 72.\rFibroadenoma 496
TERMINOLOGY 497
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 497
CLINICAL ISSUES 497
IMAGING 497
MACROSCOPIC 498
MICROSCOPIC 498
ANCILLARY TESTS 499
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 499
SELECTED REFERENCES 499
Chapter 73. Phyllodes Tumor 504
TERMINOLOGY 505
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 505
CLINICAL ISSUES 505
IMAGING 506
MACROSCOPIC 506
MICROSCOPIC 506
ANCILLARY TESTS 507
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 507
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 508
REPORTING 508
SELECTED REFERENCES 508
Chapter 74. Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia 514
TERMINOLOGY 515
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 515
CLINICAL ISSUES 515
IMAGING 515
MACROSCOPIC 515
MICROSCOPIC 515
ANCILLARY TESTS 515
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 515
SELECTED REFERENCES 515
Chapter 75. Myofibroblastoma 518
TERMINOLOGY 519
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 519
CLINICAL ISSUES 519
IMAGING 519
MACROSCOPIC 520
MICROSCOPIC 520
ANCILLARY TESTS 520
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 521
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 522
REPORTING 522
SELECTED REFERENCES 522
Chapter 76.\rLipoma and Angiolipoma 526
TERMINOLOGY 527
CLINICAL ISSUES 527
IMAGING 527
MACROSCOPIC 527
MICROSCOPIC 527
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 527
SELECTED REFERENCES 527
Chapter 77.\rDiabetic Mastopathy/Lymphocytic Mastopathy 530
TERMINOLOGY 531
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 531
CLINICAL ISSUES 531
IMAGING 531
MACROSCOPIC 531
MICROSCOPIC 531
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 531
SELECTED REFERENCES 531
Chapter 78.\rGranular Cell Tumor 534
TERMINOLOGY 535
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 535
CLINICAL ISSUES 535
IMAGING 535
MACROSCOPIC 535
MICROSCOPIC 535
ANCILLARY TESTS 536
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 536
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 536
SELECTED REFERENCES 536
Chapter 79.\rNodular Fasciitis 540
TERMINOLOGY 541
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 541
CLINICAL ISSUES 541
IMAGING 541
MACROSCOPIC 541
MICROSCOPIC 541
ANCILLARY TESTS 542
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 542
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 542
SELECTED REFERENCES 542
Chapter 80.\rFibromatosis 546
TERMINOLOGY 547
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 547
CLINICAL ISSUES 547
IMAGING 547
MACROSCOPIC 547
MICROSCOPIC 547
ANCILLARY TESTS 548
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 548
SELECTED REFERENCES 548
Chapter 81. Hemangiomas 552
TERMINOLOGY 553
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 553
CLINICAL ISSUES 553
IMAGING 553
MACROSCOPIC 553
MICROSCOPIC 553
ANCILLARY TESTS 554
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 554
SELECTED REFERENCES 554
Chapter 82.\rPapillary Endothelial Hyperplasia 558
TERMINOLOGY 559
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 559
CLINICAL ISSUES 559
IMAGING 559
MACROSCOPIC 559
MICROSCOPIC 559
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 559
SELECTED REFERENCES 559
Chapter 83.\rAtypical Vascular Lesions of Skin 560
TERMINOLOGY 561
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 561
CLINICAL ISSUES 561
MACROSCOPIC 561
MICROSCOPIC 561
ANCILLARY TESTS 561
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 562
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 562
SELECTED REFERENCES 562
Chapter 84.\rAngiosarcoma 564
TERMINOLOGY 565
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 565
CLINICAL ISSUES 565
IMAGING 565
MACROSCOPIC 565
MICROSCOPIC 566
ANCILLARY TESTS 566
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 566
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 567
SELECTED REFERENCES 567
Chapter 85.\rSarcomas 572
TERMINOLOGY 573
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 573
CLINICAL ISSUES 573
IMAGING 573
MACROSCOPIC 573
MICROSCOPIC 573
ANCILLARY TESTS 574
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 574
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 575
SELECTED REFERENCES 575
SECTION 8: Inflammatory Lesions 579
Chapter 86.\rLactational Abscess 580
TERMINOLOGY 581
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 581
CLINICAL ISSUES 581
MICROSCOPIC 581
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 581
SELECTED REFERENCES 581
Chapter 87. Fat Necrosis 584
TERMINOLOGY 585
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 585
CLINICAL ISSUES 585
IMAGING 585
MACROSCOPIC 586
MICROSCOPIC 586
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 586
SELECTED REFERENCES 586
Chapter 88. Duct Ectasia 588
TERMINOLOGY 589
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 589
CLINICAL ISSUES 589
IMAGING 589
MACROSCOPIC 589
MICROSCOPIC 589
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 589
SELECTED REFERENCES 589
Chapter 89. Squamous Metaplasia of Lactiferous Ducts 590
TERMINOLOGY 591
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 591
CLINICAL ISSUES 591
IMAGING 591
MACROSCOPIC 591
MICROSCOPIC 592
ANCILLARY TESTS 592
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 592
REPORTING 592
SELECTED REFERENCES 592
Chapter 90. Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis 596
TERMINOLOGY 597
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 597
CLINICAL ISSUES 597
IMAGING 597
MACROSCOPIC 597
MICROSCOPIC 598
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 598
SELECTED REFERENCES 598
Chapter 91. Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis 602
TERMINOLOGY 603
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 603
CLINICAL ISSUES 603
IMAGING 603
MICROSCOPIC 603
ANCILLARY TESTS 603
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 604
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 604
REPORTING 604
SELECTED REFERENCES 604
Chapter 92. Implant Pathology 606
TERMINOLOGY 607
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 607
CLINICAL ISSUES 607
IMAGING 608
MACROSCOPIC 608
MICROSCOPIC 608
SELECTED REFERENCES 609
Chapter 93. Sarcoidosis 614
TERMINOLOGY 615
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 615
CLINICAL ISSUES 615
IMAGING 615
MICROSCOPIC 615
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 615
SELECTED REFERENCES 615
Chapter 94. Amyloid of the Breast 616
TERMINOLOGY 617
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 617
CLINICAL ISSUES 617
MICROSCOPIC 617
ANCILLARY TESTS 617
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 617
SELECTED REFERENCES 617
Chapter 95. Lupus Mastitis 618
TERMINOLOGY 619
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 619
CLINICAL ISSUES 619
IMAGING 619
MACROSCOPIC 619
MICROSCOPIC 619
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 619
SELECTED REFERENCES 619
Chapter 96. IgG4-Related Sclerosing Mastitis 620
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 621
CLINICAL ISSUES 621
MICROSCOPIC 621
ANCILLARY TESTS 621
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 621
SELECTED REFERENCES 621
SECTION 9: Other Types of Malignancies 623
Chapter 97. Metastases to Breast 624
TERMINOLOGY 625
CLINICAL ISSUES 625
IMAGING 625
MACROSCOPIC 625
MICROSCOPIC 625
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 627
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 627
SELECTED REFERENCES 627
Chapter 98. Lymphoma 630
TERMINOLOGY 631
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 631
CLINICAL ISSUES 631
IMAGING 631
MACROSCOPIC 631
MICROSCOPIC 631
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 632
SELECTED REFERENCES 633
SECTION 10: Hereditary Breast Disease 639
Chapter 99. Hereditary Cancer 640
HEREDITARY BREAST CANCER 640
MICROSCOPIC 642
GENETIC TESTING FOR BRCA1 AND BRCA2 642
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT 643
SELECTED REFERENCES 643
Chapter 100.\rHereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer Syndrome: BRCA1 646
TERMINOLOGY 646
EPIDEMIOLOGY 646
GENETICS 646
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 647
ASSOCIATED NEOPLASMS 647
CANCER RISK MANAGEMENT 648
SELECTED REFERENCES 648
Chapter 101.\rHereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer Syndrome: BRCA2 650
TERMINOLOGY 650
EPIDEMIOLOGY 650
GENETICS 650
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS 651
ASSOCIATED NEOPLASMS 651
CANCER RISK MANAGEMENT 652
SELECTED REFERENCES 652
Chapter 102.\rLi-Fraumeni Syndrome/Li-Fraumeni-Like Syndrome 654
TERMINOLOGY 654
EPIDEMIOLOGY 654
GENETICS 654
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND ANCILLARY TESTS 655
ASSOCIATED NEOPLASMS: TP53 656
CANCER RISK MANAGEMENT 656
SELECTED REFERENCES 656
SECTION 11:\rUnusual Presentations of Breast Lesions 659
Chapter 103.\rBreast Carcinoma, Male 660
TERMINOLOGY 661
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 661
CLINICAL ISSUES 661
IMAGING 661
MACROSCOPIC 661
MICROSCOPIC 662
ANCILLARY TESTS 662
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 662
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 662
REPORTING 662
SELECTED REFERENCES 662
Chapter 104.\rIatrogenic Changes 664
TERMINOLOGY 665
ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS 665
IMAGING 665
MACROSCOPIC 665
MICROSCOPIC 666
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 667
SELECTED REFERENCES 667
INDEX I-i