Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Written by residents for residents, the updated 6th edition of this best-selling handbook provides you with exactly the information you need to overcome the vast majority of challenges you encounter during your surgical residency. With its pocket-size and easy-reference format, this resource enables you to quickly access the right guidance...at the right time...about what to do and how to do it. No resident should be without this essential surgical guide!
- Provides comprehensive guidelines for the treatment of the most common surgical conditions, including preoperative and postoperative care, as well as relevant pathophysiology.
- Includes surgical management that encompasses state-of-the-art technology and emphasizes minimally invasive techniques, including important coverage of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, appendectomy, and herniorrhaphy.
- Provides guidelines for proper medical record keeping as well as other mediocolegal aspects of surgical care.
- Offers detailed figures depicting important anatomical structures and operative techniques.
- Features new chapters, such as Surgical Education—including a practical discussion of the ACGME Core Competencies—Surgical Intensive Care, and Future of Surgery to provide details of the latest trends in surgical education so you can maximize your time in surgical rotations.
- Provides the most up-to-date information from current residents at the University of Cincinnati, in an accessible format organized by specialty area.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| The Mont Reid Surgical Handbook | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Table of Contents | xxi | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Foreword | ix | ||
| Special Comment | xv | ||
| Preface | xvii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xix | ||
| PART I: Surgical Education | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1. Surgical Education and Core Competencies | 3 | ||
| I. SURGICAL EDUCATION | 3 | ||
| II. CORE COMPETENCIES | 4 | ||
| PART II: Perioperative Care | 7 | ||
| Chapter 2. Medical Record | 9 | ||
| I. SURGICAL HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 9 | ||
| II. PHYSICIAN ORDERS | 12 | ||
| III. NOTES | 14 | ||
| IV. DICTATIONS | 15 | ||
| V. BILLING | 17 | ||
| VI. HEALTH INFORMATION PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT (HIPAA) | 17 | ||
| VII. SUMMARY | 18 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 19 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 19 | ||
| Chapter 3. Physical Examination of the Surgical Patient | 21 | ||
| I. VITAL SIGNS | 21 | ||
| II. GENERAL APPEARANCE | 22 | ||
| III. HEAD AND NECK | 24 | ||
| IV. CHEST | 27 | ||
| V. CARDIOVASCULAR | 28 | ||
| VI. ABDOMEN | 30 | ||
| VII. GENITOURINARY | 33 | ||
| VIII. MUSCULOSKELETAL | 33 | ||
| IX. LYMPHATICS | 34 | ||
| X. NEUROLOGIC | 35 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READINGS | 37 | ||
| Chapter 4. Preoperative and Postoperative Care | 39 | ||
| I. NEED FOR OPERATION | 39 | ||
| II. ASSESSMENT OF OPERATIVE RISK | 39 | ||
| III. INTERVENTION TO REDUCE OPERATIVE RISK | 43 | ||
| IV. GENERAL PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION | 46 | ||
| V. POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 50 | ||
| Chapter 5. Fluids and Electrolytes | 55 | ||
| I. BASIC PHYSIOLOGY | 55 | ||
| II. ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCES | 58 | ||
| III. PARENTERAL REPLACEMENT FLUID THERAPY | 66 | ||
| IV. ACID-BASE DISORDERS | 68 | ||
| REFERENCES | 72 | ||
| Chapter 6. Nutrition | 73 | ||
| I. NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT | 73 | ||
| II. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN STRESS | 74 | ||
| III. PERIOPERATIVE NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT | 76 | ||
| IV. ENTERAL NUTRITION | 76 | ||
| V. PARENTERAL NUTRITION | 79 | ||
| VI. IMMUNONUTRITION | 84 | ||
| VII. NUTRIENTS/MACROMINERALS/MICRONUTRIENTS/VITAMINS | 85 | ||
| Chapter 7. Wound Healing and Management | 87 | ||
| I. PHASES OF WOUND HEALING | 87 | ||
| II. FACTORS THAT AFFECT WOUND HEALING | 89 | ||
| III. TYPES OF WOUND CLOSURE | 90 | ||
| IV. ADJUNCTS TO HEALING BY SECONDARY INTENTION | 90 | ||
| V. MANAGEMENT OF SOFT-TISSUE WOUNDS | 91 | ||
| VI. MANAGEMENT OF WOUND COMPLICATIONS | 92 | ||
| VII. HYPERTROPHIC SCARS AND KELOIDS | 94 | ||
| Chapter 8. Standard Precautions | 95 | ||
| I. APPLICATIONS | 95 | ||
| II. GUIDELINES: OCCUPATIONAL SETTINGS | 96 | ||
| III. RISKS OF NEEDLE-STICK/SHARP-INSTRUMENT INJURY | 96 | ||
| IV. CIRCUMSTANCES THAT LEAD TO NEEDLE-STICK INJURIES | 97 | ||
| V. DEFINITION OF EXPOSURE | 97 | ||
| VI. POSTEXPOSURE PROTOCOL (OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION REQUIREMENTS) | 97 | ||
| VII. COMPLIANCE | 98 | ||
| Chapter 9. Coagulopathies in Surgery | 99 | ||
| I. COAGULATION CASCADE (FIG. 9-1) | 99 | ||
| II. MEDICAL HISTORY TO DETERMINE RISK FOR BLEEDING | 99 | ||
| III. LABORATORY TESTS | 99 | ||
| IV. CONGENITAL BLEEDING DISORDERS | 100 | ||
| V. ACQUIRED BLEEDING DISORDERS | 101 | ||
| VI. MEDICATIONS | 103 | ||
| PART III: Surgical Intensive Care | 105 | ||
| Chapter 10. Shock | 107 | ||
| I. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 107 | ||
| II. HEMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS | 107 | ||
| III. SHOCK STATES | 109 | ||
| IV. ORGAN RESPONSE TO SHOCK | 116 | ||
| V. MULTIORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME | 118 | ||
| Chapter 11. Cardiopulmonary Monitoring | 119 | ||
| I. MONITORING | 119 | ||
| II. NONINVASIVE GLOBAL ASSESSMENT | 120 | ||
| III. PULMONARY MONITORING | 120 | ||
| IV. HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING | 121 | ||
| V. CARDIAC MONITORING | 124 | ||
| RECOMMENDED REFERENCES | 125 | ||
| APPENDIX: IMPORTANT FORMULAS | 125 | ||
| Chapter 12. Mechanical Ventilation | 127 | ||
| I. DETERMINING NEED FOR MECHANICAL VENTILATION | 127 | ||
| II. VENTILATION VERSUS OXYGENATION | 127 | ||
| III. NONINVASIVE POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION | 128 | ||
| IV. CONVENTIONAL MECHANICAL VENTILATION | 128 | ||
| V. EFFECTS ON CARDIAC PERFORMANCE | 131 | ||
| VI. NEED FOR TRACHEOSTOMY | 131 | ||
| VII. VENTILATOR CAUTIONS | 131 | ||
| VIII. PEARLS | 132 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 133 | ||
| Chapter 13. Blood Component Therapy | 135 | ||
| I. GENERAL TOPICS | 135 | ||
| II. WHOLE BLOOD | 135 | ||
| III. RED BLOOD CELLS | 136 | ||
| IV. PLATELETS | 138 | ||
| V. FRESH FROZEN PLASMA | 138 | ||
| VI. CRYOPRECIPITATE | 139 | ||
| VII. TRANSFUSION REACTIONS | 140 | ||
| RECOMMENDED REFERENCES | 142 | ||
| Chapter 14. Surgical Infection | 143 | ||
| I. DEFINITIONS | 143 | ||
| II. DETERMINANTS OF INFECTION | 143 | ||
| III. PRINCIPLES OF THERAPY | 146 | ||
| IV. DIAGNOSIS | 152 | ||
| V. SEPSIS (FIG. 14-1) | 152 | ||
| VI. COMMON SOURCES OF INFECTION IN THE SURGICAL PATIENT | 158 | ||
| VII. DIAGNOSIS | 162 | ||
| VIII. SKIN AND SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS | 163 | ||
| PART IV: Anesthesia | 165 | ||
| Chapter 15. Local Anesthesia | 167 | ||
| I. INJECTABLE AGENTS | 167 | ||
| II. TECHNIQUES | 168 | ||
| III. TOPICAL AGENTS | 172 | ||
| Chapter 16. Conscious Sedation | 173 | ||
| I. INTRODUCTION | 173 | ||
| II. PREPROCEDURAL EVALUATION | 173 | ||
| III. MONITORING | 177 | ||
| IV. AVAILABILITY OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL | 178 | ||
| V. TRAINING IN AIRWAY MANAGEMENT | 178 | ||
| VI. MEDICATIONS | 178 | ||
| VII. REVERSAL MEDICATIONS | 179 | ||
| VIII. RECOVERY AND DISCHARGE | 180 | ||
| RECOMMENDED REFERENCES | 180 | ||
| Chapter 17. General Anesthesia | 181 | ||
| I. PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT AND PREPARATION | 181 | ||
| II. INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 183 | ||
| III. PHARMACEUTICALS | 186 | ||
| IV. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 190 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 191 | ||
| PART V: General Surgery | 193 | ||
| Chapter 18. Acute Abdomen | 195 | ||
| I. PHYSIOLOGY OF ABDOMINAL PAIN | 195 | ||
| II. HISTORY | 196 | ||
| III. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 198 | ||
| IV. LABORATORY EXAMINATION | 201 | ||
| V. RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION | 202 | ||
| VI. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE ABDOMEN | 203 | ||
| VII. INITIAL TREATMENT AND PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION | 205 | ||
| Chapter 19. Appendicitis | 207 | ||
| I. EPIDEMIOLOGY | 207 | ||
| II. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 207 | ||
| III. PRESENTATION | 208 | ||
| IV. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 209 | ||
| V. COMPLICATIONS | 210 | ||
| VI. TREATMENT | 210 | ||
| VII. SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES | 212 | ||
| VIII. APPENDICEAL TUMORS | 213 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 214 | ||
| Chapter 20. Benign Gallbladder | 215 | ||
| I. ANATOMY | 215 | ||
| II. CHOLELITHIASIS AND CHRONIC CALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS | 216 | ||
| III. ACUTE CALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS | 219 | ||
| IV. ACUTE ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS | 221 | ||
| V. CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS | 222 | ||
| Chapter 21. Abdominal Wall Hernias | 227 | ||
| I. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE | 227 | ||
| II. TERMINOLOGY | 227 | ||
| III. INCIDENCE | 228 | ||
| IV. NATURAL HISTORY | 228 | ||
| V. ANATOMIC CONSIDERATIONS | 228 | ||
| VI. CLASSIFICATION OF HERNIAS | 230 | ||
| VII. CAUSATIVE FACTORS | 232 | ||
| VIII. DIAGNOSIS | 232 | ||
| IX. REPAIR OF HERNIAS | 235 | ||
| X. POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 237 | ||
| XI. LAPAROSCOPIC HERNIA REPAIR | 238 | ||
| Chapter 22. Gastrointestinal Bleeding | 243 | ||
| I. HISTORY | 243 | ||
| II. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 244 | ||
| III. INITIAL MANAGEMENT | 245 | ||
| IV. LABORATORY EVALUATION | 245 | ||
| Chapter 23. Intestinal Obstruction | 253 | ||
| I. TERMINOLOGY | 253 | ||
| II. CAUSATIVE FACTORS | 253 | ||
| III. PRESENTATION | 256 | ||
| IV. IMAGING | 258 | ||
| V. MANAGEMENT | 259 | ||
| VI. OUTCOMES | 263 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 264 | ||
| Chapter 24. Esophagus Benign Disease | 265 | ||
| I. ANATOMY | 265 | ||
| II. PHYSIOLOGY | 266 | ||
| III. MOTILITY DISORDERS | 267 | ||
| IV. DIVERTICULA | 269 | ||
| V. GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX | 269 | ||
| VI. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE ESOPHAGUS | 273 | ||
| VII. ESOPHAGEAL RUPTURE AND PERFORATION | 274 | ||
| VIII. CAUSTIC INJURY | 276 | ||
| Chapter 25. Peptic Ulcer Disease | 279 | ||
| I. OCCURRENCE | 279 | ||
| II. PRESENTATION AND EVALUATION | 279 | ||
| III. PATHOGENESIS | 280 | ||
| IV. HELICOBACTER PYLORI | 281 | ||
| V. TREATMENT OF UNCOMPLICATED DISEASE | 282 | ||
| VI. TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED DISEASE | 283 | ||
| VII. DETAILS OF SURGICAL OPTIONS | 284 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 287 | ||
| Chapter 26.Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 289 | ||
| I. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) | 289 | ||
| II. EXTRAINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS | 289 | ||
| III. ULCERATIVE COLITIS | 290 | ||
| IV. CROHN’S DISEASE | 297 | ||
| V. INDETERMINATE COLITIS | 304 | ||
| Chapter 27. Benign Colorectal Disease | 307 | ||
| I. ANATOMY | 307 | ||
| II. HEMORRHOIDS | 308 | ||
| III. ANAL FISSURE | 310 | ||
| IV. ANORECTAL ABSCESS | 311 | ||
| V. FISTULA IN ANO | 313 | ||
| VI. PILONIDAL DISEASE | 314 | ||
| VII. ANAL AND PERIANAL INFECTIONS | 315 | ||
| VIII. PRURITUS ANI | 316 | ||
| IX. ANAL NEOPLASM | 317 | ||
| X. RECTAL PROLAPSE | 318 | ||
| XI. ANOSCOPY | 321 | ||
| XII. RIGID SIGMOIDOSCOPY | 321 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 322 | ||
| Chapter 28. Benign Pancreatic Disease | 323 | ||
| I. ANATOMY | 323 | ||
| II. ACUTE PANCREATITIS | 327 | ||
| Chapter 29. Spleen | 343 | ||
| I. ANATOMY | 343 | ||
| II. FUNCTION | 344 | ||
| III. GENERAL INDICATIONS FOR SPLENECTOMY | 344 | ||
| IV. SURGICAL TECHNIQUES | 347 | ||
| V. POSTSPLENECTOMY CONSIDERATIONS | 348 | ||
| PART VI: Bariatric Surgery | 351 | ||
| Chapter 30. Bariatric Surgery | 353 | ||
| I. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MORBID OBESITY | 353 | ||
| II. COMORBIDITY ASSOCIATED WITH MORBID OBESITY | 353 | ||
| III. MEDICAL THERAPY FOR MORBID OBESITY | 354 | ||
| IV. TYPES OF PROCEDURES | 355 | ||
| V. PREOPERATIVE WORKUP | 355 | ||
| VI. SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE BARIATRIC PATIENT | 355 | ||
| VII. RESULTS OF BARIATRIC SURGERY | 358 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 359 | ||
| PART VII: Vascular Surgery | 361 | ||
| Chapter 31. Thromboembolic Prophylaxis and Management of Deep Vein Thrombosis | 363 | ||
| I. INTRODUCTION | 363 | ||
| II. METHODS OF PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSES AND PULMONARY EMBOLI | 365 | ||
| III. AN APPROACH TO PROPHYLAXIS | 368 | ||
| IV. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH PULMONARY EMBOLUS | 368 | ||
| Chapter 32. The Diabetic Patient | 371 | ||
| I. DEFINITIONS | 371 | ||
| II. MEDICAL THERAPIES | 371 | ||
| III. GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN THE CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT | 375 | ||
| IV. COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES | 376 | ||
| V. DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS | 377 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 380 | ||
| Chapter 33. Peripheral Vascular Disease | 381 | ||
| I. DEFINITIONS | 381 | ||
| II. EPIDEMIOLOGY | 381 | ||
| III. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 382 | ||
| IV. DIAGNOSIS | 383 | ||
| V. MANAGEMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PAD | 386 | ||
| VI. RENAL ARTERY DISEASE | 392 | ||
| VII. LOWER EXTREMITY ANEURYSM DISEASE | 394 | ||
| Chapter 34. Venous Disease | 397 | ||
| I. ANATOMY PEARLS | 397 | ||
| II. CAUSATIVE FACTORS | 397 | ||
| III. PRESENTATION | 398 | ||
| IV. DIAGNOSIS | 398 | ||
| V. DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS PROPHYLAXIS | 399 | ||
| VI. TREATMENT | 399 | ||
| VII. HEPARIN-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIC THROMBOSIS | 400 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 401 | ||
| Chapter 35. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 403 | ||
| I. EPIDEMIOLOGY | 403 | ||
| II. ANATOMY | 403 | ||
| III. PATHOLOGY | 404 | ||
| IV. NATURAL HISTORY | 404 | ||
| V. CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 405 | ||
| VI. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES | 405 | ||
| VII. OPERATIVE INDICATIONS | 406 | ||
| VIII. ELECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM | 406 | ||
| IX. COMPLICATIONS | 408 | ||
| X. ENDOVASCULAR ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM REPAIR (EVAR) | 409 | ||
| XI. PROGNOSIS | 410 | ||
| XII. RUPTURED ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM | 411 | ||
| Chapter 36. Carotid Disease | 413 | ||
| I. CASE REPORT | 413 | ||
| II. STROKE | 413 | ||
| III. DIAGNOSIS | 414 | ||
| IV. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CAROTID OCCLUSIVE DISEASE | 417 | ||
| V. MANAGEMENT | 418 | ||
| VI. POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 419 | ||
| VII. POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 420 | ||
| Chapter 37. Mesenteric Ischemia | 421 | ||
| I. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | 421 | ||
| II. EPIDEMIOLOGY | 422 | ||
| III. ACUTE MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA | 422 | ||
| IV. CHRONIC MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA | 426 | ||
| V. MEDIAN ARCUATE LIGAMENT SYNDROME (CELIAC ARTERY COMPRESSION SYNDROME) | 427 | ||
| VI. MESENTERIC VENOUS THROMBOSIS | 427 | ||
| Chapter 38. Renovascular Hypertension | 429 | ||
| I. BACKGROUND | 429 | ||
| II. SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS | 429 | ||
| III. ADDITIONAL FEATURES | 430 | ||
| IV. ATHEROSCLEROSIS | 430 | ||
| V. FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA | 430 | ||
| VI. DEVELOPMENTAL RENAL ARTERY DISEASE | 431 | ||
| VII. OTHER CAUSES OF RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION | 431 | ||
| VIII. CLINICAL FINDINGS | 432 | ||
| IX. SCREENING STUDIES | 432 | ||
| X. FUNCTIONAL STUDIES | 433 | ||
| XI. ARTERIAL STUDIES | 433 | ||
| XII. MEDICAL THERAPY | 434 | ||
| XIII. ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY | 434 | ||
| XIV. SURGICAL THERAPY | 435 | ||
| Chapter 39. Endovascular Surgery | 437 | ||
| I. ANGIOGRAPHY | 437 | ||
| II. ENDOVASCULAR INTERVENTION | 439 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 443 | ||
| PART VIII: Cardiothoracic Surgery | 445 | ||
| Chapter 40. Cardiac Surgery | 447 | ||
| I. PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 447 | ||
| II. OPERATIVE PROCEDURES | 448 | ||
| III. POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 452 | ||
| IV. POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 453 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 456 | ||
| Chapter 41. Benign Tumors of the Lung | 457 | ||
| I. OVERVIEW | 457 | ||
| II. HISTORY | 457 | ||
| III. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 457 | ||
| IV. INITIAL EVALUATION | 457 | ||
| V. IMAGING | 457 | ||
| VI. TISSUE OBTAINED | 458 | ||
| VII. EPITHELIAL TUMORS | 458 | ||
| VIII. MESENCHYMAL TUMORS | 459 | ||
| IX. MISCELLANEOUS TUMORS | 461 | ||
| X. OTHER TUMORS | 462 | ||
| XI. INFLAMMATORY PSEUDOTUMORS | 463 | ||
| XII. OTHER BENIGN TUMORS | 463 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 464 | ||
| Chapter 42. Carcinoma of the Lung | 465 | ||
| I. EPIDEMIOLOGY | 465 | ||
| II. CAUSATIVE FACTORS | 465 | ||
| III. SOLITARY PULMONARY NODULE | 465 | ||
| IV. PATHOLOGY | 466 | ||
| V. CLINICAL FEATURES | 467 | ||
| VI. CARCINOID (1–2%) | 468 | ||
| VII. SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER (20%) | 468 | ||
| VIII. NON–SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER (85%) | 469 | ||
| IX. THE FUTURE | 474 | ||
| Chapter 43. Thymus | 475 | ||
| I. ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY | 475 | ||
| II. PATHOLOGY | 475 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 479 | ||
| Chapter 44. Malignant Esophagus | 481 | ||
| I. EPIDEMIOLOGY | 481 | ||
| II. CAUSATIVE FACTORS | 481 | ||
| III. PATHOLOGY | 482 | ||
| IV. PREVENTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND SCREENING | 482 | ||
| V. DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING | 482 | ||
| VI. TNM STAGING | 483 | ||
| VII. THERAPY | 484 | ||
| VIII. PALLIATIVE CARE | 486 | ||
| PART IX: Hepatobiliary Surgery | 489 | ||
| Chapter 45. Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension | 491 | ||
| I. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 491 | ||
| II. CAUSATIVE FACTORS | 491 | ||
| III. DIAGNOSIS | 493 | ||
| IV. CIRRHOSIS AND LIVER FUNCTION | 494 | ||
| V. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 495 | ||
| VI. CHILD’S CLASSIFICATION | 497 | ||
| VII. TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS OF CIRRHOSIS | 498 | ||
| Chapter 46. Jaundice | 505 | ||
| I. BACKGROUND | 505 | ||
| II. CAUSATIVE FACTORS | 506 | ||
| III. PRESENTATION | 509 | ||
| IV. LABORATORY TESTS | 509 | ||
| V. IMAGING | 511 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 513 | ||
| Chapter 47. Gallbladder and Biliary Tree | 515 | ||
| I. ANATOMY | 515 | ||
| II. CHOLELITHIASIS | 516 | ||
| III. SYMPTOMATIC CHOLELITHIASIS | 517 | ||
| IV. CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS | 520 | ||
| V. CHOLANGITIS | 521 | ||
| VI. ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS | 522 | ||
| VII. OTHER DISORDERS OF THE GALLBLADDER | 523 | ||
| VIII. MEDICAL TREATMENTS | 525 | ||
| IX. LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY | 525 | ||
| X. GALLBLADDER CANCER | 526 | ||
| Chapter 48. Benign and Malignant Liver Lesions | 531 | ||
| I. SOLID LIVER LESIONS | 531 | ||
| II. CYSTIC LESIONS | 535 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 538 | ||
| PART X: Transplant Surgery | 539 | ||
| Chapter 49. Renal Transplantation | 541 | ||
| I. EVALUATION OF CANDIDATES FOR TRANSPLANTATION | 541 | ||
| II. IMMUNOLOGY OF RENAL TRANSPLANTATION | 542 | ||
| III. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION | 543 | ||
| IV. KIDNEY DONATION | 543 | ||
| V. SPECIFIC OPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 544 | ||
| VI. POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 545 | ||
| VII. COMPLICATIONS | 546 | ||
| VIII. STATISTICS OF RENAL TRANSPLANTATION | 547 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 549 | ||
| Chapter 50. Liver Transplantation | 551 | ||
| I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS | 551 | ||
| II. SPECIFIC OPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 552 | ||
| III. POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 552 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 554 | ||
| Chapter 51. Pancreas Transplantation | 555 | ||
| I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS | 555 | ||
| II. SPECIFIC OPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 556 | ||
| III. POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 556 | ||
| IV. ISLET CELL TRANSPLANTATION | 558 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 559 | ||
| PART XI: Surgical Oncology | 561 | ||
| Chapter 52. Malignant Skin Lesions | 563 | ||
| I. BASAL CELL CARCINOMA | 563 | ||
| II. SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | 564 | ||
| III. MALIGNANT MELANOMA | 564 | ||
| Chapter 53. Diseases of the Breast | 569 | ||
| I. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | 569 | ||
| II. HISTORY | 570 | ||
| III. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 572 | ||
| IV. RADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES | 573 | ||
| V. EVALUATION OF BREAST MASS | 573 | ||
| VI. BENIGN BREAST DISEASE | 575 | ||
| VII. BREAST CANCER | 579 | ||
| Chapter 54. Breast Reconstruction | 591 | ||
| I. HISTORY | 591 | ||
| II. RELEVANT ANATOMY FOR RECONSTRUCTION | 591 | ||
| III. PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 592 | ||
| IV. TECHNIQUES | 593 | ||
| V. ONCOPLASTIC SURGERY | 597 | ||
| VI. POSTRECONSTRUCTION FOLLOW-UP | 598 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 599 | ||
| Chapter 55. Gastric Tumors | 601 | ||
| I. ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH | 601 | ||
| II. GASTRIC LYMPHOMA | 607 | ||
| III. GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS | 607 | ||
| IV. GASTRIC CARCINOID | 608 | ||
| Chapter 56. Malignant Pancreas Disease | 611 | ||
| I. PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA | 611 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 615 | ||
| Chapter 57. Colorectal Cancer | 617 | ||
| I. POLYPS | 617 | ||
| II. PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 618 | ||
| III. PATHOGENESIS | 619 | ||
| IV. SCREENING GUIDELINES FOR COLORECTAL CANCER | 620 | ||
| V. DIAGNOSIS | 621 | ||
| VI. TREATMENT OF COLON CANCER | 622 | ||
| VII. RECTAL CANCER | 624 | ||
| VIII. POSTOPERATIVE FOLLOW-UP | 625 | ||
| Chapter 58. Tumor Biology | 627 | ||
| I. SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN GROWTH SIGNALS | 627 | ||
| II. INSENSITIVITY TO GROWTH-INHIBITORY SIGNALS | 627 | ||
| III. EVASION OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH | 628 | ||
| IV. LIMITLESS REPLICATIVE POTENTIAL | 628 | ||
| V. SUSTAINED ANGIOGENESIS | 628 | ||
| VI. TISSUE INVASION AND METASTASIS | 629 | ||
| VII. GENETIC INSTABILITY | 629 | ||
| VIII. PHARMACOTHERAPY | 630 | ||
| IX. CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS: MECHANISMS, USES, AND IMPORTANT TOXICITIES | 632 | ||
| PART XII: Endocrine Surgery | 635 | ||
| Chapter 59. Thyroid | 637 | ||
| I. EMBRYOLOGY | 637 | ||
| II. ANATOMY | 637 | ||
| III. PHYSIOLOGY | 638 | ||
| IV. HYPERTHYROIDISM | 638 | ||
| V. HYPOTHYROIDISM | 641 | ||
| VI. NONTOXIC GOITER (NONTOXIC MULTINODULAR GOITER, DIFFUSE NONTOXIC GOITER) | 642 | ||
| VII. THYROID NODULES | 643 | ||
| VIII. THYROID NEOPLASM | 645 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 651 | ||
| Chapter 60. Parathyroid | 653 | ||
| I. PARATHYROID EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY | 653 | ||
| II. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM | 653 | ||
| III. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM | 656 | ||
| IV. TERTIARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM | 656 | ||
| Chapter 61. Adrenal Gland | 657 | ||
| I. EMBRYOLOGY | 657 | ||
| II. ANATOMY | 657 | ||
| III. PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY—ADRENAL CORTEX | 657 | ||
| IV. PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY—ADRENAL MEDULLA | 661 | ||
| V. INCIDENTALOMA | 662 | ||
| VI. ADRENAL SURGERY | 663 | ||
| VII. ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY | 664 | ||
| Chapter 62. Neuroendocrine Tumors | 665 | ||
| I. CARCINOID TUMORS | 665 | ||
| II. GASTRINOMA | 667 | ||
| III. INSULINOMA | 669 | ||
| IV. GLUCAGONOMA | 670 | ||
| V. VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL POLYPEPTIDOMA | 671 | ||
| VI. SOMATOSTATINOMA | 672 | ||
| VII. PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDEOMAS | 672 | ||
| VIII. MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA (MEN) SYNDROMES | 673 | ||
| PART XIII: Trauma | 675 | ||
| Chapter 63. Trauma Overview | 677 | ||
| I. EPIDEMIOLOGY | 677 | ||
| II. MANAGEMENT OF THE TRAUMA PATIENT | 677 | ||
| III. PEDIATRIC TRAUMA | 680 | ||
| IV. TRAUMA AND PREGNANCY | 681 | ||
| V. PENETRATING NECK TRAUMA | 682 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 684 | ||
| I. EPIDEMIOLOGY | 685 | ||
| II. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 685 | ||
| III. DIAGNOSIS | 686 | ||
| IV. TREATMENT | 687 | ||
| V. ORGAN-SPECIFIC INJURY MANAGEMENT | 689 | ||
| Chapter 64. Abdominal Trauma | 685 | ||
| Chapter 65. Thoracic Trauma | 703 | ||
| I. BRIEF HISTORY | 703 | ||
| II. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THORACIC TRAUMA | 703 | ||
| III. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CHEST | 704 | ||
| IV. THE WIDENED MEDIASTINUM | 704 | ||
| V. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THORACIC TRAUMA | 704 | ||
| VI. OTHER THORACIC PROCEDURES IN THE FACE OF TRAUMA | 709 | ||
| VII. POSTOPERATIVE CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH A CHEST INJURY | 710 | ||
| VIII. COMPLICATIONS OF THORACIC TRAUMA | 710 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 711 | ||
| Chapter 66. Orthopedic Emergencies | 713 | ||
| I. EVALUATION OF THE FRACTURED LIMB | 713 | ||
| II. OPEN FRACTURES | 713 | ||
| III. COMPARTMENT SYNDROME | 716 | ||
| IV. PELVIC FRACTURES | 719 | ||
| Chapter 67. Burn Care | 723 | ||
| I. CAUSATIVE FACTORS | 723 | ||
| II. INDICATIONS FOR HOSPITAL ADMISSION | 723 | ||
| III. INITIAL MANAGEMENT | 724 | ||
| IV. PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH BURN INJURIES | 730 | ||
| V. BURN WOUND CARE | 731 | ||
| VI. SUPPORTIVE CARE | 733 | ||
| VII. MANAGEMENT OF INFECTION IN THE BURN PATIENT | 734 | ||
| VIII. ELECTRICAL INJURIES | 735 | ||
| IX. CHEMICAL INJURIES | 736 | ||
| X. OUTPATIENT AND CLINIC TREATMENT | 737 | ||
| XI. COMPLICATIONS OF BURN INJURIES | 737 | ||
| Chapter 68. Neurosurgical Emergencies | 739 | ||
| I. APPROACH TO THE UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT | 739 | ||
| II. CRANIAL EMERGENCIES | 742 | ||
| III. SPINAL EMERGENCIES | 746 | ||
| IV. OTHER NEUROSURGICAL EMERGENCIES | 753 | ||
| V. USEFUL WEB SITES, TRIALS, AND GUIDELINES | 757 | ||
| Chapter 69. Urologic Trauma | 759 | ||
| I. OVERVIEW | 759 | ||
| II. PROCEDURES | 759 | ||
| III. RENAL TRAUMA | 759 | ||
| IV. URETERAL TRAUMA | 761 | ||
| V. BLADDER TRAUMA | 764 | ||
| VI. URETHRAL INJURY | 766 | ||
| VII. PENILE INJURY | 767 | ||
| VIII. TESTICULAR TRAUMA | 768 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 768 | ||
| PART XIV: Pediatric Surgery | 771 | ||
| Chapter 70. Pediatric Surgery: Abdomen and General | 773 | ||
| I. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 773 | ||
| II. ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECTS | 778 | ||
| III. NEOPLASMS | 781 | ||
| RECOMMENDED READING | 783 | ||
| Chapter 71. Pediatric Surgery: Thoracic and Neck | 785 | ||
| I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS | 785 | ||
| II. FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE REQUIREMENTS | 785 | ||
| III. TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION | 787 | ||
| IV. LESIONS OF THE HEAD AND NECK | 788 | ||
| V. THORACIC DISORDERS | 792 | ||
| VI. FOREIGN BODIES | 799 | ||
| VII. ESOPHAGUS | 800 | ||
| PART XV: Future of Surgery | 805 | ||
| Chapter 72. New Surgical Technologies | 807 | ||
| I. MODERN BIOLOGY | 807 | ||
| II. GENOMIC INFORMATION | 807 | ||
| III. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING | 807 | ||
| IV. SURGICAL EDUCATION | 807 | ||
| V. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND SURGERY | 807 | ||
| SUGGESTED READING | 812 | ||
| PART XVI: Procedures | 813 | ||
| Chapter 73. External Ventricular Drain (Ventriculostomy) | 815 | ||
| I. INDICATIONS | 815 | ||
| II. CONTRAINDICATIONS | 815 | ||
| III. MATERIALS | 815 | ||
| IV. PROCEDURE | 816 | ||
| Chapter 74. Airway | 819 | ||
| I. INDICATIONS FOR AN ARTIFICIAL AIRWAY | 819 | ||
| II. NONSURGICAL AIRWAY OPTIONS AND METHODS | 819 | ||
| III. SURGICAL AIRWAY OPTIONS AND METHODS | 822 | ||
| IV. ALTERNATE AIRWAY METHODS | 825 | ||
| V. FLOW CHART/DECISION TREE | 827 | ||
| Chapter 75. Wound Closure | 829 | ||
| I. EVALUATION AND CLOSURE OF THE TRAUMATIC WOUND | 829 | ||
| Chapter 76. Thoracentesis | 835 | ||
| I. GENERAL INFORMATION | 835 | ||
| II. INTERPRETATION AND COMPLICATIONS | 837 | ||
| Chapter 77. Bladder Catheterization | 839 | ||
| I. URETHRAL CATHETERIZATION | 839 | ||
| II. TECHNIQUE | 842 | ||
| III. CATHETER CARE | 847 | ||
| IV. ALTERNATIVES | 848 | ||
| Chapter 78. Gastrointestinal Intubation | 849 | ||
| I. NASOGASTRIC (NG) TUBES | 849 | ||
| II. OROGASTRIC TUBES | 850 | ||
| III. FEEDING TUBES | 851 | ||
| IV. ESOPHAGEAL/GASTRIC TAMPONADE TUBES | 854 | ||
| V. NASOINTESTINAL TUBES FOR DECOMPRESSION OF THE SMALL BOWEL | 855 | ||
| Chapter 79. Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage and the Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma | 857 | ||
| I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS | 857 | ||
| II. INDICATIONS FOR DIAGNOSTIC PERITONEAL LAVAGE | 858 | ||
| III. CONTRAINDICATIONS | 859 | ||
| IV. TECHNIQUES | 859 | ||
| V. SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS | 861 | ||
| VI. FAST | 862 | ||
| Chapter 80. Principles of Abscess Drainage | 865 | ||
| I. SUPERFICIAL ABSCESSES | 865 | ||
| II. DEEP ABSCESSES | 866 | ||
| Chapter 81. Central Venous Lines | 867 | ||
| I. BACKGROUND | 867 | ||
| II. TECHNIQUES | 870 | ||
| III. COMPLICATIONS | 873 | ||
| IV. ULTRASOUND | 875 | ||
| Chapter 82. Arterial Lines | 877 | ||
| I. INDICATIONS | 877 | ||
| II. TECHNIQUES | 877 | ||
| Chapter 83. Pulmonary Artery (Swan–Ganz) Catheter | 881 | ||
| I. INDICATIONS FOR INVASIVE CARDIAC MONITORING | 881 | ||
| II. CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE MONITORING | 881 | ||
| III. BALLOON-TIPPED PULMONARY ARTERY (SWAN–GANZ) CATHETERS | 882 | ||
| Index | 889 |