Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This textbook considers the properties and applications of dental materials and includes all the necessary basic science and clinical applications. Virtually all procedures in restorative dentistry make use of a dental material. Among these materials are metals, ceramics, polymers and composites, and their uses include filling of cavities and root canals and the making of impressions or replicas of teeth and tissues prior to the construction of crowns, bridges and dentures. All dental students need to acquire a working knowledge of both the properties and applications of the materials which they will use.
- Comprehensive and readable coverage of the composition, handling, and application of the materials used by dentists in clinical practice.
- The necessary basic science is presented in a clear and understandable manner.
- Final section covers what the dentist needs to know about the laboratory materials used by technicians in the construction of dental prostheses - will help the reader to communicate effectively with the dental technician.
- Aims to give the reader the understanding of dental materials necessary to assess the potential of the many new materials which will appear during their clinical practice.
- "Clinical Significance" boxes highlight points of importance for day-to-day dental practice.
- Updating of section on polyacid modified resin composites.
- Addition of section on retrograde root filling materials (MTA).
- Expansion of section on hydrophilic addition cured silicones.
- Revision of introduction to ceramics to consider the three modes of application of ceramics.
- More on CAD-CAM technology, especially aluminia and zirconia core systems for crowns and bridges.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Introduction to Dental Materials | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| CONTENTS | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| SECTION ONE: BASIC SCIENCE FOR DENTAL MATERIALS | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1.1. Biomaterials, biocompatibility and biomechanics | 3 | ||
| BIOMATERIALS | 3 | ||
| BIOCOMPATIBILITY | 3 | ||
| BIOMECHANICS | 4 | ||
| SUMMARY | 5 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 5 | ||
| Chapter 1.2. A historical perspective | 6 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 6 | ||
| ETRUSCANS (1000–600 BC) | 6 | ||
| THE DARK AGES | 6 | ||
| THE FIRST DENTURES (18TH CENTURY) | 7 | ||
| THE VICTORIAN AGE | 7 | ||
| TOOTH CONSERVATION | 8 | ||
| CROWNS AND BRIDGES | 9 | ||
| FILLING MATERIALS | 9 | ||
| SUMMARY | 10 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 11 | ||
| Chapter 1.3. Atomic building blocks | 12 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 12 | ||
| JOINING ATOMS TOGETHER | 12 | ||
| TYPES OF PRIMARY BONDS | 13 | ||
| THE FORMATION OF BULK SOLIDS | 14 | ||
| THE STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS IN SOLIDS | 17 | ||
| SUMMARY | 18 | ||
| Chapter 1.4. Structure of ceramics | 20 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 20 | ||
| CERAMIC RAW MATERIALS | 20 | ||
| CRYSTALLINE AND AMORPHOUS CERAMICS | 20 | ||
| THE FORMATION OF A GLASS | 22 | ||
| DEVITRIFICATION | 24 | ||
| Chapter 1.5. Structure of metals and alloys | 26 | ||
| MICROSTRUCTURE OF METALS | 26 | ||
| ALLOYS | 27 | ||
| SOLID PHASES | 28 | ||
| PHASE DIAGRAMS | 29 | ||
| NON-EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS | 31 | ||
| Chapter 1.6. Structure of polymers | 33 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 33 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF POLYMERISATION | 35 | ||
| POLYMERIC STRUCTURES | 36 | ||
| COMPOSITION OF REAL POLYMERS | 39 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 42 | ||
| Chapter 1.7. Mechanical properties | 43 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 43 | ||
| STRESS AND STRAIN | 43 | ||
| MECHANICAL TESTS | 46 | ||
| Chapter 1.8. Physical properties | 51 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 51 | ||
| RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES | 51 | ||
| THERMAL PROPERTIES | 54 | ||
| OPTICAL PROPERTIES | 56 | ||
| Chapter 1.9. Chemical properties | 62 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 62 | ||
| DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS | 62 | ||
| TARNISH AND CORROSION OF METALS | 64 | ||
| DEGRADATION OF CERAMICS | 67 | ||
| Chapter 1.10. Principles of adhesion | 69 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 69 | ||
| WHAT IS ADHESION? | 69 | ||
| CRITERIA FOR ADHESION | 71 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF ADHESION | 74 | ||
| THE STRENGTH OF THE ADHESIVE BOND | 76 | ||
| ADHESION PROMOTERS | 78 | ||
| SUMMARY | 80 | ||
| SECTION TWO: CLINICAL DENTAL MATERIALS | 81 | ||
| Chapter 2.1. Dental amalgams | 83 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 83 | ||
| THE STRUCTURE OF TRADITIONAL DENTAL AMALGAMS | 83 | ||
| PROPERTIES OF TRADITIONAL AMALGAMS | 85 | ||
| HIGH-COPPER-CONTENT DENTAL AMALGAMS | 87 | ||
| SELECTION AND USE OF DENTAL AMALGAMS | 88 | ||
| LIMITATIONS OF DENTAL AMALGAMS | 91 | ||
| IMPROVING THE LONGEVITY OF AMALGAM RESTORATIONS | 93 | ||
| SUMMARY | 97 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 97 | ||
| Chapter 2.2. Resin composites and polyacid-modified resin composites | 99 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 99 | ||
| COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE | 99 | ||
| DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPOSITES | 102 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITES | 111 | ||
| PROPERTIES | 114 | ||
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES | 118 | ||
| DENTAL LABORATORY COMPOSITES | 120 | ||
| CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE USE OF COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS | 121 | ||
| POLYACID-MODIFIED RESIN COMPOSITES (COMPOMERS) | 123 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 126 | ||
| Chapter 2.3. Glass–ionomer cements and resin-modified glass–ionomer cements | 127 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 127 | ||
| CHEMISTRY OF GLASS–IONOMER CEMENTS | 127 | ||
| PROPERTIES | 132 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 135 | ||
| SILVER CERMETS | 140 | ||
| RESIN-MODIFIED GLASS–IONOMER CEMENTS | 140 | ||
| SUMMARY | 142 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 143 | ||
| Chapter 2.4. Intermediate restorative materials | 144 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 144 | ||
| PULPAL PROTECTION | 144 | ||
| CAVITY VARNISHES, BASES AND LINERS | 145 | ||
| CHOICE OF INTERMEDIATE RESTORATIVE MATERIALS | 148 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 151 | ||
| Chapter 2.5. Enamel and dentine bonding | 152 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 152 | ||
| ENAMEL BONDING | 152 | ||
| DENTINE BONDING | 156 | ||
| PRESENTATION OF DENTINE-BONDING AGENTS | 163 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 170 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 170 | ||
| Chapter 2.6. Endodontic materials | 172 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 172 | ||
| VITAL PULP CAPPING | 172 | ||
| ROOT CANAL FILLING MATERIALS | 175 | ||
| ROOT CANAL SEALER CEMENTS | 177 | ||
| CLINICAL ASPECTS OF ROOT CANAL MATERIALS | 180 | ||
| SUMMARY | 182 | ||
| POST AND CORE SYSTEMS | 182 | ||
| SUMMARY | 184 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 185 | ||
| Chapter 2.7. Impression materials | 186 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 186 | ||
| REQUIREMENTS OF AN IMPRESSION MATERIAL | 187 | ||
| RIGID IMPRESSION MATERIALS | 189 | ||
| ELASTIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS | 191 | ||
| ELASTOMERIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS | 196 | ||
| RELATIVE MERITS OF THE ELASTOMERIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS | 199 | ||
| DISINFECTION OF IMPRESSION MATERIALS | 204 | ||
| FAILURES OF IMPRESSION TAKING | 207 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 207 | ||
| SECTION THREE: LABORATORY AND RELATED DENTAL MATERIALS | 209 | ||
| Chapter 3.1. Gypsum products | 211 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 211 | ||
| CHEMISTRY OF GYPSUM | 211 | ||
| PROPERTIES | 214 | ||
| SUMMARY | 215 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 215 | ||
| Chapter 3.2. Denture base resins | 216 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 216 | ||
| COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF ACRYLIC RESIN | 216 | ||
| ASPECTS OF MANIPULATION | 218 | ||
| PROPERTIES | 220 | ||
| SUMMARY | 222 | ||
| DENTURE-LINING MATERIALS | 223 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 225 | ||
| Chapter 3.3. Casting alloys for metallic restorations | 227 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 227 | ||
| DESIRABLE PROPERTIES | 227 | ||
| NOBLE AND PRECIOUS METAL ALLOYS | 228 | ||
| BASE METAL ALLOYS | 233 | ||
| SUMMARY | 235 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 236 | ||
| Chapter 3.4. Dental ceramics | 237 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 237 | ||
| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE | 237 | ||
| COMPOSITION OF DENTAL PORCELAIN | 239 | ||
| PROCESSING | 241 | ||
| PROPERTIES OF DENTAL PORCELAIN | 242 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF MODERN DENTAL CERAMICS | 243 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 243 | ||
| Chapter 3.5. Metal-bonded ceramics | 245 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 245 | ||
| THE BOND | 245 | ||
| PREPARATION OF THE METAL SURFACE | 247 | ||
| IMPORTANCE OF THERMAL EXPANSION | 248 | ||
| CHOICE OF METAL–CERAMIC ALLOYS | 250 | ||
| SUMMARY | 254 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 254 | ||
| Chapter 3.6. All-ceramic restorations: high-strength core ceramics | 256 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 256 | ||
| ALUMINA-REINFORCED PORCELAIN JACKET CROWN (PJC) | 256 | ||
| GLASS-INFILTRATED HIGH-STRENGTH CERAMIC CORE SYSTEMS | 258 | ||
| SUMMARY | 260 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 260 | ||
| Chapter 3.7. All-ceramic restorations: resin-bonded ceramics | 261 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 261 | ||
| CERAMIC VENEERS | 261 | ||
| PROPERTIES | 263 | ||
| GLASS-CERAMICS | 263 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF RESIN-BONDED CERAMICS | 267 | ||
| SUMMARY | 267 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 268 | ||
| Chapter 3.8. Luting agents | 269 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 269 | ||
| GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LUTING AGENTS | 269 | ||
| CHOICE OF LUTING AGENTS | 271 | ||
| WATER-BASED LUTING CEMENTS | 272 | ||
| RESIN-TO-CERAMIC BONDING | 279 | ||
| RESIN-TO-METAL BONDING | 283 | ||
| RESIN-TO-RESIN BONDING | 289 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 290 | ||
| Chapter 3.9. Stainless steel | 291 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 291 | ||
| IRON | 292 | ||
| STEEL | 292 | ||
| STAINLESS STEEL | 294 | ||
| OTHER ALLOYS | 296 | ||
| SUMMARY | 297 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 297 | ||
| Index | 299 |