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Neurology Secrets E-Book

Neurology Secrets E-Book

Joseph S. Kass | Eli M. Mizrahi

(2016)

Additional Information

Abstract

Part of the bestselling Secrets Series, the updated sixth edition of Neurology Secrets continues to provide an up-to-date, concise overview of the most important topics in neurology today. It serves as a comprehensive introduction for medical students, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners, and is also a handy reference and refresher for residents and practitioners. Lists, tables, and clear illustrations throughout expedite review, while the engaging Secrets Series format makes the text both enjoyable and readable. New lead editors, Drs. Kass and Mizrahi, join this publication from a leading neurology program to lend a fresh perspective and expert knowledge.

  • Expedites reference and review with a question-and-answer format, bulleted lists, and practical tips from the authors.
  • Covers the full range of essential topics in understanding the practice of neurology.
  • Features "Key Points" boxes to further enhance your reference power.
  • Presents a chapter containing "Top 100 Secrets" for an overview of essential material for last-minute study or self-assessment.
  • Fits comfortably in the pocket of your lab coat to allow quick access to essential information.
  • Completely revised content covers all of today's most common neurologic conditions and their treatments.
  • New lead editors offer a fresh perspective and expert knowledge.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
IFC ES1
NEUROLOGY SECRETS i
NEUROLOGY SECRETS iii
Copyright iv
CONTENTS v
CONTRIBUTORS vii
PREFACE xi
DEDICATION xii
TOP 100 SECRETS xiii
1 - CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
CELLULAR ANATOMY 1
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY 4
NEUROGENETICS 8
FUTURE DIRECTIONS 9
Bibliography 10
2 - CLINICAL NEUROANATOMY 11
EMBRYOLOGY 11
MUSCLE 11
THE MUSCLE STRETCH REFLEX 13
LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS AND LEG INNERVATION 13
BRACHIAL PLEXUS AND ARM INNERVATION 15
ROOTS AND DERMATOMES 20
SPINAL CORD: GROSS ANATOMY 21
SENSORY: DORSAL COLUMNS AND PROPRIOCEPTION 21
SENSORY: SPINOTHALAMIC 22
SENSORY: SPINOCEREBELLAR 22
MOTOR: CORTICOSPINAL 23
MOTOR: OTHER TRACTS 23
BRAIN STEM: CRANIAL NERVES 23
MIDBRAIN 24
PONS 26
MEDULLA 28
BREATHING 29
POSTURING 29
VESTIBULAR APPARATUS 29
HEARING 30
EYE MOVEMENTS 32
CEREBELLUM 32
BASAL GANGLIA 33
THALAMUS 34
OLFACTION 35
VISION 36
VISUAL FIELDS 37
CORTEX 38
CIRCULATION 40
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID 41
Bibliography 41
3 - APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH NEUROLOGIC DISEASE 42
Bibliography 48
4 - MYOPATHIES 49
INTRODUCTION 49
DIAGNOSIS 50
INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES 53
TOXIC MYOPATHIES 55
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES 56
MYOTONIA 58
PERIODIC PARALYSIS 59
CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES 60
METABOLIC MYOPATHIES 60
MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHIES 61
CONTINUOUS MUSCLE ACTIVITY SYNDROMES 62
CLINICAL FEATURES 63
Acknowledgments 64
Bibliography 64
5 - NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES 65
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 65
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS 65
LAMBERT–EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME 73
OTHER NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES 74
Acknowledgment 75
Bibliography 75
6 - PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES AND MOTOR NEURON DISEASES 76
COMMON NEUROPATHIES 80
GUILLAIN–BARRÉ SYNDROME 84
CHRONIC IMMUNE-RELATED DEMYELINATING POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY (CIDP) AND OTHER IMMUNE-MEDIATED NEUROPATHIES 86
OTHER NEUROPATHIES 88
MOTOR NEURON DISEASES 92
Acknowledgments 94
Bibliography 94
7 - RADICULOPATHY AND DEGENERATIVE SPINE DISEASE 95
BASIC ANATOMY 95
LUMBAR SPINE DISEASE 97
THORACIC SPINE DISEASE 98
CERVICAL SPINE DISEASE 98
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION 99
NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPINAL PAIN 101
OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF THE SPINE 101
Bibliography 102
8 - MYELOPATHIES 103
Bibliography 113
9 - BRAIN STEM DISEASE 114
CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN STEM 114
BRAIN STEM VASCULAR DISEASES 117
OTHER BRAIN STEM SYNDROMES 120
OTHER BRAIN STEM DISEASES 123
VERTIGO 124
CONSCIOUSNESS 125
Bibliography 127
10 - CEREBELLAR DISEASE 128
Bibliography 136
11 - BASAL GANGLIA DISORDERS 137
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 137
PARKINSONISM 138
Bibliography 148
12 - MOVEMENT DISORDERS 149
TREMORS 149
DYSTONIA 151
TIC DISORDERS 156
CHOREA 159
DRUG-INDUCED MOVEMENT DISORDERS 160
OTHER MOVEMENT DISORDERS 162
Bibliography 166
13 - AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 167
Bibliography 183
14 - DEMYELINATING AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 184
DISEASES OF MYELIN 184
CLINICAL FEATURES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 185
DIAGNOSIS 186
ETIOLOGY 187
TREATMENT 187
SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT 189
Bibliography 190
15 - ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT 191
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 191
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE 192
VASCULAR DEMENTIAS 197
SUBCORTICAL DEMENTIAS 198
Bibliography 200
16 - NON-ALZHEIMER’S DEMENTIAS 201
Bibliography 205
17 - NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY 206
MEMORY AND AMNESIA 206
APHASIAS 207
APRAXIAS 210
PERCEPTUAL DISORDERS AND AGNOSIAS 211
NEUROBEHAVIORAL SYNDROMES 213
NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS 214
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY 218
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 219
Acknowledgments 221
Bibliography 221
18 - CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE 222
ISCHEMIC STROKE—CAUSES 223
ISCHEMIC STROKE—ACUTE MANAGEMENT 224
ISCHEMIC STROKE—WORKUP AND MANAGEMENT 228
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE SUBTYPES 231
CEREBRAL VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS 232
Bibliography 233
19 - NEUROCRITICAL CARE 234
GENERAL MANAGEMENT IN THE NEUROCRITICAL CARE UNIT 234
Airway Management 234
GASTROINTESTINAL MANAGEMENT 236
TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT 236
MULTIMODALITY NEUROMONITORING 236
ELEVATED ICP AND CEREBRAL EDEMA 238
INFECTIONS 240
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) 241
Cerebellar Infarction 250
Neuromuscular Weaknesses in the ICU 250
Management of Status Epilepticus 252
Meningitis and Encephalitis 258
Comatose Survivors of Cardiac Arrest 260
Brain Death 260
Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury 261
Bibliography 263
General Management 263
ICH 263
SAH 263
Large Hemispheric and Cerebellar Ischemic Stroke 263
Neuromuscular Weaknesses in the ICU 263
Status Epilepticus 264
Meningitis and Encephalitis 264
Comatose Survivors of Cardiac Arrest 264
TBI 264
20 - NEURO-ONCOLOGY 265
PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS 265
BRAIN AND SPINE METASTATIC DISEASE 270
LEPTOMENINGEAL DISEASE 271
NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS FROM CANCER AND THERAPY 273
PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES 274
Acknowledgment 275
Bibliography 275
21 - HEADACHES 276
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 276
PRIMARY HEADACHES 278
Migraine 279
Tension-Type Headaches 287
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias 288
Hemicrania Continua 289
Cluster Headaches 289
Other Primary Headaches 290
SECONDARY HEADACHES 292
Bibliography 300
22 - SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY 301
DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION 301
PHYSIOLOGY 304
ETIOLOGY 307
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING 308
THERAPY 308
WOMEN AND EPILEPSY 317
SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY IN OLDER PATIENTS 318
ACUTE EPILEPSY TREATMENT 318
EPILEPSY SURGERY 321
EPILEPSY AND DRIVING 322
Bibliography 323
23 - SLEEP DISORDERS 324
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 324
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION 326
SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS 327
HYPERSOMNIAS 329
INSOMNIA 331
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISORDERS 332
PARASOMNIAS 332
SLEEP-RELATED MOVEMENT DISORDERS 334
Bibliography 335
24 - NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE 336
CARDIAC DISEASE 336
GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE 336
HEPATIC DISEASE 338
RENAL DISEASE 339
PULMONARY DISEASE 341
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE 342
ENDOCRINE DISEASE 343
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS 345
RHEUMATOLOGIC DISEASE 346
VASCULITIDES 347
PREGNANCY 348
IATROGENIC (DRUG INDUCED) 351
Bibliography 352
25 - INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 353
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID 353
BACTERIAL MENINGITIS 354
CNS TUBERCULOSIS 359
NEUROSYPHILIS 360
LYME AND NERVOUS SYSTEM 361
NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS 364
Bibliography 368
26 - NEUROGENETIC DISORDERS 369
Bibliography 374
27 - PAIN PROCESSING AND MODULATION 375
PAIN SYNDROMES: RECOGNITION AND TREATMENT 381
Neuropathies 381
Neuralgiform Pain Syndromes of Head and Neck Region 383
Acute Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia 384
Small Fiber Neuropathy-Related Pain 385
Acute and Chronic Thoracolumbar Pain 386
Acute and Chronic Neck Pain 387
MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES IN PAIN MANAGEMENT 388
Bibliography 388
28 - PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 389
NORMAL NEUROLOGIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 389
PRENATAL DISEASES AND DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS 389
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 394
NEUROCUTANEOUS SYNDROMES 395
INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS 396
VASCULAR DISORDERS 397
NEOPLASMS 397
INJURY BY PHYSICAL AGENTS AND TRAUMA 399
SEIZURES AND OTHER PAROXYSMAL DISORDERS 399
HEAD PAIN 400
NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS 401
Bibliography 402
29 - PSYCHIATRY IN NEUROLOGY 403
GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 403
MENTAL STATUS EXAM 406
CAPACITY 408
SUICIDE 409
OTHER PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCIES 411
PERSONALITY DISORDERS 412
GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 413
SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS 416
BIPOLAR AND RELATED DISORDERS 418
DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS 419
ANXIETY DISORDERS 420
OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS 421
TRAUMA- AND STRESSOR-RELATED DISORDERS 421
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS 421
SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED DISORDERS 421
FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS AND ELIMINATION DISORDERS 422
DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL, AND CONDUCT DISORDERS 422
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE DISORDERS 423
DELIRIUM 424
Bibliography 427
30 - NEURO-OTOLOGY 428
Bibliography 442
31 - ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY 443
NONRAPID EYE MOVEMENT (NREM) SLEEP 443
RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM) SLEEP 445
Bibliography 466
32 - ELECTROMYOGRAPHY 467
Bibliography 473
33 - NEUROPATHOLOGY 474
BASIC TERMINOLOGY AND LABORATORY PROCEDURES 474
CELLULAR REACTIONS TO INJURY AND VASCULAR NEUROPATHOLOGY 476
TRAUMA AND FORENSIC NEUROPATHOLOGY 479
NEUROPATHOLOGY OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE 481
TUMOR NEUROPATHOLOGY: GLIAL TUMORS 486
TUMOR NEUROPATHOLOGY: NONGLIAL TUMORS 489
TUMOR NEUROPATHOLOGY: PEDIATRIC TUMORS 491
TUMOR NEUROPATHOLOGY: METASTASES 492
INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND RELATED NEUROPATHOLOGY 493
NEUROMUSCULAR PATHOLOGY 495
DEMYELINATING DISEASE AND WHITE MATTER NEUROPATHOLOGY 496
Bibliography 497
BONUS QUESTIONS 497.e1
INDEX 499
A 498
B 501
C 502
D 506
E 508
F 510
G 510
H 511
I 513
J 514
K 514
L 514
M 515
N 518
O 520
P 521
Q 524
R 524
S 525
T 528
U 530
V 530
W 531
X 531
Z 531
IBC ES2