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Book Details
Abstract
This evidence-based text relates clinical chiropractic management to pediatrics, with coverage of the key aspects of syndromes most commonly seen by chiropractors working with children. It outlines the essential history-taking, physical assessment, diagnosis and management for each syndrome, while addressing relevant pathology of pediatric conditions. An essential reference source for both chiropractic clinicians and students. Chapters have been radically restructured for the new edition – in line with current research and the models of teaching now being used.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | Cover | ||
| Chiropractic Pediatrics: A Clinical Handbook | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Foreword | ix | ||
| References | ix | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Acknowledgments | xii | ||
| Chapter 1: Chiropractic in the pediatric field | 1 | ||
| History of pediatrics | 1 | ||
| The chiropractic subluxation in children | 2 | ||
| The chiropractic paradigm | 3 | ||
| Etiology of the subluxation complex in children | 4 | ||
| Clinical decision-making in chiropractic pediatrics | 6 | ||
| Legal considerations in chiropractic pediatrics | 7 | ||
| References | 9 | ||
| Chapter 2: The pediatric history | 11 | ||
| Observation of the patient and caregiver | 12 | ||
| Listening to the patient and caregiver | 12 | ||
| Interviewing the uncooperative patient | 13 | ||
| Discussing difficult subjects | 14 | ||
| Drawing the history-taking time to a conclusion | 14 | ||
| Recording the pediatric history | 14 | ||
| Review of systems | 17 | ||
| Lifestyle | 18 | ||
| Family health history | 18 | ||
| The clinical history as part of the therapy | 18 | ||
| References | 19 | ||
| Chapter 3: The pediatric physical examination | 21 | ||
| General appearance | 21 | ||
| Assessment of growth and vital signs | 22 | ||
| Integument | 24 | ||
| Examination of the eyes | 25 | ||
| Examination of the ears | 30 | ||
| Examination of the nose and sinuses | 32 | ||
| Examination of the oral cavity | 32 | ||
| Examination of the neck | 32 | ||
| Examination of the chest | 34 | ||
| Examination of the abdomen | 41 | ||
| References | 48 | ||
| Chapter 4: Recognizing the seriously ill child | 49 | ||
| Assessment of fever | 49 | ||
| Assessment of arousal | 50 | ||
| Assessment of breathing | 50 | ||
| Assessment of peripheral circulation | 50 | ||
| Estimation of fluid intake and loss | 50 | ||
| Estimation of acute body weight loss (Figs 4.1 and 4.2; Case studies 4.1 and 4.2) | 51 | ||
| Less common high-risk signs of serious illness | 54 | ||
| Applying the principles of serious disease recognition | 54 | ||
| Summary of referral criteria | 57 | ||
| References | 58 | ||
| Chapter 5: The irritable baby | 59 | ||
| Uncomplicated colic | 59 | ||
| Use of contingent music and differential reinforcement | 60 | ||
| Protein intolerance and allergy | 61 | ||
| Carbohydrate intolerance | 62 | ||
| Gastroesophageal reflux | 63 | ||
| Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | 64 | ||
| Intussusception | 64 | ||
| References | 65 | ||
| Chapter 6: Abdominal pain and altered states of bowel motility | 67 | ||
| Acute abdominal pain | 67 | ||
| Constipation and diarrhea | 69 | ||
| The child with chronic diarrhea | 71 | ||
| Intestinal parasite infestation | 72 | ||
| References | 73 | ||
| Chapter 7: Pediatric neurology | 75 | ||
| The pediatric neurological examination | 75 | ||
| A review of relevant functional and clinical neuroanatomy | 75 | ||
| The neurological history and examination of the neonate, infant and toddler | 77 | ||
| Examination of the older child | 85 | ||
| Important neurological syndromes encountered in children | 87 | ||
| Ancillary neurodiagnostic procedures | 106 | ||
| References | 108 | ||
| Chapter 8: Developmental assessment, neuromaturational delay and school learning difficulties | 111 | ||
| Theoretical models of developmental pediatrics | 111 | ||
| Clinical rationale for conducting periodic developmental screening | 113 | ||
| References | 125 | ||
| Chapter 9: Common infectious diseases of childhood | 127 | ||
| Measles (rubeola) | 127 | ||
| German measles (rubella) | 128 | ||
| Scarlet fever | 130 | ||
| Chickenpox (varicella) | 131 | ||
| Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) | 132 | ||
| Glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis) | 132 | ||
| Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) | 133 | ||
| Meningitis and meningococcemia | 133 | ||
| Osteomyelitis | 134 | ||
| Urinary tract infection (UTI) | 135 | ||
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) | 135 | ||
| References | 136 | ||
| Chapter 10: Common respiratory illness in childhood | 137 | ||
| Asthma | 137 | ||
| Bronchiolitis | 141 | ||
| Acute bronchitis | 142 | ||
| The child with chronic bronchitis and cough | 144 | ||
| Pneumonia | 144 | ||
| Croup | 145 | ||
| Acute epiglottitis | 146 | ||
| Conclusion | 146 | ||
| References | 148 | ||
| Chapter 11: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 149 | ||
| Definition | 149 | ||
| Prevalence | 149 | ||
| Diagnosis | 150 | ||
| Etiology | 151 | ||
| Educational factors and associated problems | 151 | ||
| Family factors | 155 | ||
| Management | 155 | ||
| Guidelines | 158 | ||
| Prognosis | 158 | ||
| References | 158 | ||
| Chapter 12: Pediatric otolaryngology | 161 | ||
| The ear | 161 | ||
| The nose and sinuses | 168 | ||
| The oral cavity | 169 | ||
| References | 171 | ||
| Chapter 13: The enuretic child | 173 | ||
| The natural history of nocturnal enuresis | 173 | ||
| Familial, social and congenital factors in nocturnal enuresis | 174 | ||
| Pathological and other factors in nocturnal enuresis | 175 | ||
| Constipation | 176 | ||
| Secondary or regressive bedwetting | 176 | ||
| Evaluation of the enuretic child | 176 | ||
| Clinical decision-making in primary nocturnal enuresis | 178 | ||
| Chiropractic management of primary nocturnal enuresis | 178 | ||
| Chiropractic management of secondary enuresis | 180 | ||
| References | 180 | ||
| Chapter 14: Common orthopedic syndromes in childhood | 183 | ||
| Fractures and dislocations in the growing years | 183 | ||
| Inflammatory and infectious disease | 183 | ||
| The lower limb | 185 | ||
| The upper limb | 196 | ||
| References | 203 | ||
| Chapter 15: Autism | 207 | ||
| Diagnosis | 207 | ||
| Assessment | 209 | ||
| Prevalence | 209 | ||
| Associated medical conditions | 209 | ||
| Etiology | 209 | ||
| Treatment | 210 | ||
| Effects on the family | 212 | ||
| Outcome | 212 | ||
| Conclusion | 213 | ||
| References | 213 | ||
| Chapter 16: Accidental and intentional injury in children | 217 | ||
| Intentional injury | 217 | ||
| Definitions of abuse | 218 | ||
| Recognition of abuse | 218 | ||
| Initiating intervention when abuse has occurred | 219 | ||
| The role of the chiropractor in preventive strategies | 220 | ||
| The role of the chiropractor in keeping children safe from accidental harm | 220 | ||
| References | 222 | ||
| Chapter 17:Cancer in children | 225 | ||
| Acute leukemia | 225 | ||
| Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) | 227 | ||
| Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | 228 | ||
| Neuroblastoma | 229 | ||
| Renal tumors | 229 | ||
| Malignant bone tumors | 230 | ||
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 231 | ||
| Hepatoblastoma | 231 | ||
| Retinoblastoma | 231 | ||
| Langerhans cell histiocytosis | 231 | ||
| Principles of cancer treatment | 231 | ||
| The dying patient | 232 | ||
| References | 232 | ||
| Chapter 18: Allergy, metabolic and endocrine disease in children | 235 | ||
| Allergy | 235 | ||
| Endocrine and metabolic diseases | 240 | ||
| References | 245 | ||
| Chapter 19: Pediatric nutrition | 247 | ||
| Nutritional requirements of infants and children | 247 | ||
| References | 254 | ||
| Chapter 20: Pain assessment and management in children | 257 | ||
| Pain in the pediatric patient | 257 | ||
| Pain characteristics in pediatrics | 258 | ||
| Pain measurement in pediatrics | 258 | ||
| Common clinical problems in chiropractic practice which may require pain management | 259 | ||
| References | 263 | ||
| Chapter 21: The neuropathological basis of the subluxation | 265 | ||
| Mechanism 1: the effect of dural tension | 265 | ||
| Mechanism 2: noxious mechanoreceptor input from the dura | 266 | ||
| Mechanism 3: noxious mechanoreceptor input from the facet joints | 266 | ||
| Mechanism 4: aberrant sympathetic activity | 267 | ||
| The adjustment | 267 | ||
| References | 268 | ||
| Chapter 22: Measurement of the spinal subluxation in children | 269 | ||
| Kinesiopathology: a precise reflection of cerebral dysafferentation | 269 | ||
| Use of listings in chiropractic practice | 269 | ||
| Subluxation of the upper cervical complex | 274 | ||
| Subluxation of the lumbopelvic region | 280 | ||
| Subluxation of the lower cervical spine | 284 | ||
| Subluxation of the thoracic and lumbar spine | 288 | ||
| The costovertebral subluxation | 291 | ||
| Exacerbation and adjustive pre-testing | 291 | ||
| References | 292 | ||
| Chapter 23: Adjusting the pediatric spine | 293 | ||
| The upper cervical complex | 293 | ||
| The thoracic spine | 294 | ||
| The lumbar spine | 295 | ||
| The sacrum and coccyx | 296 | ||
| The ilium | 299 | ||
| The pubis | 300 | ||
| Chapter 24: The upper limb subluxation | 303 | ||
| Diagnosis of the upper limb subluxation | 303 | ||
| The glenohumeral joint | 303 | ||
| The acromioclavicular joint (clavicle) | 306 | ||
| The acromioclavicular joint (scapula) | 307 | ||
| The elbow joint | 308 | ||
| The wrist and hand | 310 | ||
| Chapter 25: The lower limb subluxation | 321 | ||
| Diagnosis of the lower limb subluxation | 321 | ||
| The hip | 321 | ||
| The knee | 323 | ||
| The ankle and foot | 326 | ||
| Chapter 26: Front of body subluxation syndromes | 337 | ||
| Structures located above the diaphragm | 337 | ||
| Structures located at or below the diaphragm | 344 | ||
| Chapter 27: The cranial subluxation in children | 349 | ||
| The primary respiratory mechanism (PRM) | 349 | ||
| Principles of diagnosis | 351 | ||
| The cranial adjusting protocols | 354 | ||
| References | 358 | ||
| Chapter 28: Care of the pregnant patient | 359 | ||
| The preconception period | 359 | ||
| The pregnancy period | 360 | ||
| The perinatal period | 366 | ||
| The postnatal period | 366 | ||
| References | 367 | ||
| Appendix 1: Anthropometric percentile chartsused in pediatric assessment | 369 | ||
| Appendix 2: Adult head circumferencepercentiles | 389 | ||
| Appendix 3: Blood pressure levels for girlsby age and height percentile | 391 | ||
| Appendix 4: Varni/Thompson PediatricPain Questionnaires | 393 | ||
| Index | 405 | ||
| Color Plates | 416 |