BOOK
SPEC - Hematopathology, 2nd Edition, 12-Month Access, eBook
Elaine Sarkin Jaffe | Daniel A. Arber | Elias Campo | Nancy Lee Harris | Leticia Quintanilla-Fend
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The world's leading reference in hematopathology returns with this completely updated second edition. Authored by international experts in the field, it covers a broad range of hematologic disorders -- both benign and malignant -- with information on the pathogenesis, clinical and pathologic diagnosis, and treatment for each. Comprehensive in scope, it's a must-have resource for both residents and practicing pathologists alike.
- Authored by the chief architects of the WHO classification in neoplasms of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue.
- Covers the newest diagnostic techniques, including molecular, immunohistochemical, and genetic studies.
- Confirm or challenge your diagnostic interpretations by comparing specimens to over 1,000 high-quality color images.
- Boasts detailed, practical advice from world leaders in hematopathology.
- Places an emphasis on pathologic diagnoses, including molecular and genetic testing.
- Updated with the most current WHO classifications of hematologic disease, including lymphoma and leukemia and peripheral T-cell lymphomas.
- Covers hot topics in hematopathology, such as the latest genetic insights into lymphoma and leukemia; the new nomenclature for myelodysplastic syndromes; new developments on the subject of Grey zone lymphoma; and much more.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Hematopathology | i | ||
| Copyright Page | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Table Of Contents | xiii | ||
| I Technical Aspects | 1 | ||
| 1 Processing of the Lymph Node Biopsy Specimen | 3 | ||
| Outline | 3 | ||
| Instructions for the Surgeon | 3 | ||
| Gross Processing of the Lymph Node Biopsy by the Pathologist | 4 | ||
| Gross Examination | 4 | ||
| Frozen Sections | 4 | ||
| Cytologic Preparations | 4 | ||
| Sectioning | 6 | ||
| Fixation | 7 | ||
| Contribution of the Histotechnologist | 10 | ||
| Routine Histologic, Histochemical, and Special Stains | 10 | ||
| Choice of Ancillary Studies | 11 | ||
| Reporting the Lymph Node Biopsy | 12 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 13 | ||
| Key References | 13 | ||
| References | 13.e1 | ||
| 2 Fine Needle Aspiration of Lymph Nodes | 15 | ||
| Outline | 15 | ||
| Specimen Collection and Processing | 15 | ||
| Ancillary Studies | 16 | ||
| Immunocytochemistry | 16 | ||
| Flow Cytometry | 16 | ||
| Molecular Studies | 17 | ||
| Non-Neoplastic Aspirates | 18 | ||
| Aspirates of Lymphoid Neoplasms | 18 | ||
| Mature B-Cell Neoplasms | 18 | ||
| Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified | 18 | ||
| Cytomorphology | 18 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 19 | ||
| Follicular Lymphoma | 19 | ||
| Cytomorphology | 19 | ||
| Grading | 20 | ||
| II Normal and Reactive Conditions of Hematopoietic Tissues | 129 | ||
| 8 Normal Lymphoid Organs and Tissues | 131 | ||
| Outline | 131 | ||
| Normal Lymphoid Tissues | 131 | ||
| Primary (Central) Lymphoid Tissues | 132 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 132 | ||
| Thymus | 132 | ||
| Secondary (Peripheral) Lymphoid Tissues | 134 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 134 | ||
| Cortical Area | 134 | ||
| Paracortex | 138 | ||
| Lymph Node Vasculature and Conduit System | 139 | ||
| Spleen | 140 | ||
| White Pulp | 140 | ||
| Red Pulp | 140 | ||
| Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue | 140 | ||
| B-Cell and T-Cell Differentiation | 142 | ||
| Differentiation of Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response | 143 | ||
| B-Cell Differentiation | 143 | ||
| Antigen-Independent B-Cell Differentiation | 143 | ||
| Precursor B Cells | 143 | ||
| Naïve B Cells | 144 | ||
| Antigen-Dependent B-Cell Differentiation | 145 | ||
| T-Cell–Independent B-Cell Reaction | 145 | ||
| T-Cell–Dependent Germinal-Center Reaction | 145 | ||
| Proliferation. | 147 | ||
| Somatic Hypermutation. | 147 | ||
| Selection. | 147 | ||
| Differentiation. | 148 | ||
| Memory B Cells. | 148 | ||
| Plasma Cells. | 149 | ||
| Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue. | 149 | ||
| T-Cell Differentiation | 149 | ||
| Antigen-Independent T-Cell Differentiation | 149 | ||
| Cortical Thymocytes | 149 | ||
| Naïve T Cells | 149 | ||
| Antigen-Dependent T-Cell Differentiation | 150 | ||
| T Immunoblasts | 150 | ||
| Effector T Cells | 150 | ||
| Differentiation of Cells of the Innate Immune Response | 150 | ||
| Gamma-Delta T Cells | 150 | ||
| Natural Killer Cells | 152 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 152 | ||
| Key References | 152 | ||
| References | 152.e1 | ||
| 9 Reactive Lymphadenopathies | 153 | ||
| Outline | 153 | ||
| Follicular and Nodular Patterns | 153 | ||
| Follicular Hyperplasia | 153 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 154 | ||
| Monocytoid B-Cell Proliferation | 154 | ||
| Autoimmune Disorders (Rheumatoid Arthritis) | 156 | ||
| Luetic Lymphadenitis | 158 | ||
| Castleman’s Disease, Hyaline Vascular Type (Angiofollicular Lymphoid Hyperplasia, Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia) | 158 | ||
| Histology | 159 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 159 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 159 | ||
| Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers | 159 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 160 | ||
| Mantle-Zone Hyperplasia | 161 | ||
| Mycobacterial Spindle Cell Pseudotumor | 161 | ||
| Predominantly Sinus Pattern | 162 | ||
| Sinus Histiocytosis | 162 | ||
| Histiocytic Expansion Due to a Specific Cause (Storage Disease, Lymphangiogram, Prosthesis, Whipple’s Disease) | 162 | ||
| Whipple’s Disease | 163 | ||
| Vascular Transformation of Sinuses | 164 | ||
| Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis | 164 | ||
| Interfollicular or Mixed Patterns | 165 | ||
| Paracortical Hyperplasia and Dermatopathic Reaction | 165 | ||
| Granulomatous Lymphadenitis | 165 | ||
| Non-necrotizing Granulomas | 165 | ||
| Necrotizing Granulomas (Tuberculosis, Fungal Infections, Cat Scratch Disease) | 166 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 166 | ||
| Fungal Infection | 166 | ||
| Cat Scratch Disease | 166 | ||
| Immunoglobulin G4–Related Lymphadenopathy | 167 | ||
| Kimura’s Disease | 168 | ||
| Toxoplasmic Lymphadenitis | 169 | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 169 | ||
| Kikuchi’s Lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-Fujimoto Lymphadenitis, Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis) | 170 | ||
| Kawasaki’s Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome) | 170 | ||
| Inflammatory Pseudotumor | 172 | ||
| Bacillary Angiomatosis | 172 | ||
| Diffuse Pattern | 172 | ||
| Infectious Mononucleosis | 172 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus Infection | 173 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Lymphadenitis | 175 | ||
| Dilantin-Associated Lymphadenopathy | 176 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 176 | ||
| Key References | 176 | ||
| References | 177.e1 | ||
| 10 Normal Bone Marrow | 179 | ||
| Outline | 179 | ||
| Hematopoiesis | 181 | ||
| Erythropoiesis | 181 | ||
| Granulopoiesis | 181 | ||
| Megakaryocytes and Thrombopoiesis | 185 | ||
| Other Myeloid Cells | 187 | ||
| Cytologic Abnormalities in Myeloid Cells in Hematologically Normal Subjects | 188 | ||
| Bone Marrow Lymphoid Cells | 188 | ||
| Other Cells Present in Normal Bone Marrow | 190 | ||
| Normal Bone Marrow Components | 190 | ||
| Extraneous Cells and Tissues | 190 | ||
| Cytochemistry and Histochemistry | 191 | ||
| Cytochemistry | 191 | ||
| Histochemistry | 192 | ||
| Immunophenotyping Including Immunohistochemistry | 192 | ||
| Conclusion | 192 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 194 | ||
| Key References | 194 | ||
| References | 194.e1 | ||
| 11 Evaluation of Anemia, Leukopenia, and Thrombocytopenia | 195 | ||
| Outline | 195 | ||
| Evaluation of Anemia | 195 | ||
| Microcytic Anemia | 196 | ||
| Iron Deficiency | 197 | ||
| Thalassemias | 198 | ||
| Normochromic Normocytic Anemia or Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia | 201 | ||
| Anemia of Chronic Disease | 201 | ||
| Sideroblastic Anemias | 202 | ||
| Normochromic Normocytic Anemia, Underproduction | 205 | ||
| Pure Red Cell Aplasia | 205 | ||
| Aplastic Anemia | 207 | ||
| Myelophthisic Anemias | 207 | ||
| Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure | 207 | ||
| Normochromic Normocytic Anemia, High Output | 207 | ||
| Posthemorrhagic Anemia | 207 | ||
| Hemolytic Anemias | 207 | ||
| Hemolysis Due to Intrinsic Red Cell Disorders | 208 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Membrane Disorders | 208 | ||
| Hereditary Spherocytosis | 208 | ||
| Hereditary Elliptocytosis and Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis | 210 | ||
| Hereditary Stomatocytosis Syndromes. | 210 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Enzyme Defects. | 210 | ||
| Hemoglobinopathies. | 211 | ||
| Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia | 213 | ||
| Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias. | 213 | ||
| Drug-Induced Immune Hemolysis. | 214 | ||
| Hemolysis Due to Physicomechanical Disruption. | 214 | ||
| Infection-Associated Hemolytic Anemia. | 214 | ||
| Macrocytic Anemia | 215 | ||
| Megaloblastic Anemias | 215 | ||
| Constitutional Causes | 217 | ||
| Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias | 218 | ||
| Evaluation of Leukopenia | 219 | ||
| Neutropenia | 219 | ||
| Acquired Neutropenia in Infancy and Childhood | 219 | ||
| Neonatal Alloimmune Neutropenia | 219 | ||
| Primary Autoimmune Neutropenia | 219 | ||
| Acquired Neutropenia in Adults | 220 | ||
| Drug-Induced Neutropenia | 220 | ||
| Secondary Autoimmune Neutropenia | 221 | ||
| Chronic Idiopathic Neutropenia | 221 | ||
| Infection-Related Neutropenia | 221 | ||
| Nutritional Deficiency–Related Neutropenia | 221 | ||
| Congenital Neutropenia | 221 | ||
| Severe Congenital Neutropenia | 221 | ||
| Cyclic Neutropenia | 223 | ||
| Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome | 223 | ||
| Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome | 223 | ||
| Myelokathexis | 223 | ||
| Additional Disorders | 223 | ||
| Lymphopenia | 223 | ||
| Therapeutic Agents | 223 | ||
| Congenital Disorders | 224 | ||
| Reactive Disorders | 224 | ||
| Autoimmune Disorders | 224 | ||
| Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia | 224 | ||
| Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia | 225 | ||
| Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia | 225 | ||
| Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenia | 228 | ||
| Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia | 228 | ||
| Infection-Associated Thrombocytopenia | 228 | ||
| Microangiopathic Processes | 229 | ||
| Splenic Sequestration | 230 | ||
| Constitutional Thrombocytopenia | 230 | ||
| Evaluation of Specific Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes | 231 | ||
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria | 231 | ||
| Aplastic Anemia | 232 | ||
| Fanconi Anemia | 233 | ||
| Dyskeratosis Congenita | 233 | ||
| Key References | 234 | ||
| References | 234.e1 | ||
| 12 Bone Marrow Findings in Inflammatory, Infectious, and Metabolic Disorders | 235 | ||
| Outline | 235 | ||
| Reactive Neutrophilia | 235 | ||
| Reactive Lymphocytosis | 236 | ||
| Reactive Eosinophilia | 237 | ||
| Reactive Basophilia | 238 | ||
| Reactive Monocytosis | 238 | ||
| Bone Marrow in Infectious Disorders | 238 | ||
| Bacterial Infection | 238 | ||
| Rickettsial Infection | 239 | ||
| Parasitic Infection | 240 | ||
| Viral Infection | 240 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus | 240 | ||
| Epstein-Barr Virus | 241 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 242 | ||
| Hepatitis | 242 | ||
| Hantavirus | 242 | ||
| Parvovirus B19 | 242 | ||
| Fungal Infection | 243 | ||
| Bone Marrow Necrosis | 243 | ||
| Fever of Unknown Origin | 244 | ||
| Bone Marrow in Non-infectious Systemic and Inflammatory Disorders | 244 | ||
| Non-infectious Granuloma | 244 | ||
| Autoimmune Disease | 244 | ||
| Sarcoidosis | 247 | ||
| Alcohol Abuse | 247 | ||
| Hepatic Disease | 247 | ||
| Renal Disease | 248 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 248 | ||
| Hyperthyroidism | 248 | ||
| Conclusion | 248 | ||
| Key References | 248 | ||
| References | 249.e1 | ||
| III Lymphoid Neoplasms | 251 | ||
| 13 Principles of Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms | 253 | ||
| Outline | 253 | ||
| Historical Background | 253 | ||
| Early Events in Lymphoid Neoplasia: Borderlands of Malignancy | 256 | ||
| Small B-Cell Neoplasms | 258 | ||
| Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas and Borderline Malignancies | 258 | ||
| Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas | 259 | ||
| Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasms | 259 | ||
| Conclusion | 259 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 260 | ||
| Key References | 260 | ||
| References | 260.e1 | ||
| 1 Mature B-Cell Neoplasms | 261 | ||
| 14 B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis, and B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia | 261 | ||
| Outline | 261 | ||
| B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (B-CLL/SLL) | 261 | ||
| Definition of Disease | 261 | ||
| Epidemiology and Incidence | 262 | ||
| Clinical Features | 262 | ||
| Morphology | 263 | ||
| Lymph Node | 263 | ||
| Spleen | 264 | ||
| Blood | 264 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 265 | ||
| Other Organs | 266 | ||
| Morphologic Variants | 267 | ||
| Atypical/Mixed CLL | 267 | ||
| CLL/SLL with Plasmacytoid Differentiation | 267 | ||
| CLL/SLL with Reed-Sternberg Cells | 268 | ||
| Mu Heavy Chain Disease | 268 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 269 | ||
| Genetic and Molecular Features | 269 | ||
| Cytogenetic Abnormalities | 270 | ||
| 13q14 Deletion | 270 | ||
| Trisomy 12 | 274 | ||
| 11q22-23 Deletion | 275 | ||
| 17p13 Deletion | 275 | ||
| Other Cytogenetic Abnormalities | 275 | ||
| Comparative Genomic Hybridization | 275 | ||
| Somatic Mutations and Next-Generation Sequencing | 275 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin and Normal Counterpart Cell | 276 | ||
| CLL Immunoglobulin Structure and Stereotyped Receptors | 276 | ||
| Clinical Course and Prognosis | 276 | ||
| Transformation | 277 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 278 | ||
| Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis (MBL) | 279 | ||
| Definition of Disease | 279 | ||
| Epidemiology and Incidence | 281 | ||
| Clinical Features | 281 | ||
| Morphology | 281 | ||
| Peripheral Blood | 281 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 281 | ||
| Lymph Node | 281 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 282 | ||
| Genetic and Molecular Features | 282 | ||
| Clinical Course | 283 | ||
| B-Prolymphocytic Leukemia | 283 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 283 | ||
| Key References | 284 | ||
| References | 284.e1 | ||
| 15 Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma and Waldenström Macroglobulinemia | 285 | ||
| Outline | 285 | ||
| Definition of Disease | 285 | ||
| Epidemiology and Incidence | 285 | ||
| Clinical Features | 286 | ||
| Morphology | 286 | ||
| Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow | 286 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 288 | ||
| Spleen and Other Tissues | 288 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 291 | ||
| Genetic Features | 291 | ||
| MYD88 L265P Mutation | 291 | ||
| Other Somatic Mutations | 291 | ||
| Cytogenetic Abnormalities | 293 | ||
| Postulated Normal Counterpart and Pathogenesis | 293 | ||
| Clinical Course, Treatment, and Prognosis | 293 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 294 | ||
| Neoplastic Conditions | 294 | ||
| IgM-Secreting Disorders | 295 | ||
| Other Conditions | 296 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 296 | ||
| Key References | 296 | ||
| References | 297.e1 | ||
| 16 Hairy Cell Leukemia | 299 | ||
| Outline | 299 | ||
| Definition of Disease and Nomenclature | 299 | ||
| Epidemiology | 299 | ||
| Etiology | 299 | ||
| Clinical Features | 299 | ||
| Symptoms and Signs | 299 | ||
| Imaging Studies | 300 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures | 300 | ||
| Morphology | 300 | ||
| Cell Morphology on Smear Preparations | 300 | ||
| Cell Morphology in Bone Marrow Sections | 302 | ||
| Spleen and Other Organs | 302 | ||
| Phenotype | 302 | ||
| Flow Cytometry | 302 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry and Cytochemistry | 303 | ||
| Genetics and Molecular Findings | 305 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin and Normal Counterpart | 305 | ||
| Variants | 306 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 306 | ||
| Clinical Course and Treatment | 307 | ||
| Prognostic and Predictive Factors | 307 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 308 | ||
| Key References | 308 | ||
| References | 308.e1 | ||
| 17 Splenic Marginal-Zone Lymphoma and Other Small B-Cell Neoplasms in the Spleen | 309 | ||
| Outline | 309 | ||
| Definition | 309 | ||
| Epidemiology | 309 | ||
| Etiology | 309 | ||
| Clinical Features | 310 | ||
| Morphology | 310 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 310 | ||
| Genetics | 310 | ||
| Genetic Abnormalities | 310 | ||
| Antigen Receptor Genes | 315 | ||
| Gene-Expression Profiling | 315 | ||
| Cell of Origin | 316 | ||
| Clinical Course | 316 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 316 | ||
| Other Splenic B-Cell Lymphomas | 316 | ||
| Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma | 316 | ||
| Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant | 319 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 319 | ||
| Key References | 319 | ||
| References | 319.e1 | ||
| 18 Follicular Lymphoma | 321 | ||
| Outline | 321 | ||
| Definition | 321 | ||
| Epidemiology | 321 | ||
| Clinical Features | 322 | ||
| Sites of Involvement | 322 | ||
| Clinical Evaluation and Staging | 322 | ||
| Morphologic Features | 323 | ||
| Cellular Composition | 323 | ||
| Grading | 323 | ||
| Pattern | 327 | ||
| Diffuse Areas in Follicular Lymphoma | 330 | ||
| Diffuse Follicular Lymphoma | 330 | ||
| Partial Nodal Involvement | 330 | ||
| Morphology in Sites Other Than Lymph Nodes | 330 | ||
| Spleen | 330 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 332 | ||
| Peripheral Blood | 332 | ||
| Histologic Transformation | 332 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 332 | ||
| Cytogenetic and Genetic Features | 335 | ||
| Antigen Receptor Genes | 335 | ||
| Cytogenetic Abnormalities | 335 | ||
| Recurrent Gene Rearrangements | 339 | ||
| BCL2 | 339 | ||
| BCL6 | 339 | ||
| MYC | 339 | ||
| Other Genetic Alterations | 339 | ||
| Gene-Expression Profiles | 340 | ||
| Postulated Normal Counterpart and Pathogenesis | 340 | ||
| Etiology | 340 | ||
| Clinical Course | 340 | ||
| Natural History | 340 | ||
| Treatment | 340 | ||
| Prognosis and Predictive Factors | 341 | ||
| Clinical Factors | 341 | ||
| Histologic Grade | 341 | ||
| Diffuse Areas | 341 | ||
| Histologic Transformation | 341 | ||
| Variants | 342 | ||
| “In Situ” Follicular Neoplasia (In Situ Follicular Lymphoma) | 342 | ||
| Duodenal-Type Follicular Lymphoma | 343 | ||
| Extranodal Follicular Lymphoma | 343 | ||
| Follicular Lymphoma with Predominantly Diffuse Growth Pattern and 1p36 Deletion | 343 | ||
| Follicular Lymphoma with Mutations of NOTCH1 or NOTCH2 | 343 | ||
| Other Lymphomas with Follicular Pattern | 346 | ||
| Pediatric-Type Follicular Lymphoma | 346 | ||
| Large B-Cell Lymphoma with IRF4 Translocation | 346 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 347 | ||
| Follicular Hyperplasia | 347 | ||
| Morphologic Criteria | 349 | ||
| Pattern | 349 | ||
| Cytology | 349 | ||
| Immunophenotyping | 349 | ||
| Molecular Genetic Analysis | 350 | ||
| Other Small B-Cell Lymphomas | 350 | ||
| Morphologic Features | 350 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 350 | ||
| Genetic Analysis | 351 | ||
| Conclusion | 351 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 352 | ||
| Key References | 352 | ||
| References | 352.e1 | ||
| 19 Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma | 353 | ||
| Outline | 353 | ||
| Histology of the Mucosal Immune System | 353 | ||
| Peyer’s Patches | 353 | ||
| Definition of Malt Lymphoma | 354 | ||
| Epidemiology | 355 | ||
| Etiology | 355 | ||
| Infectious Agents | 355 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori and Gastric MALT Lymphoma | 355 | ||
| Campylobacter jejuni and Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease | 356 | ||
| Borrelia burgdorferi and Cutaneous MALT Lymphoma | 357 | ||
| Chlamydia psittaci and Ocular Adnexal MALT Lymphoma | 357 | ||
| Establishing an Etiologic Link | 357 | ||
| Histopathology of Acquired Malt | 357 | ||
| Salivary Gland Acquired MALT (Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis) | 357 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori Gastritis | 359 | ||
| Pathology of Malt Lymphoma | 359 | ||
| Macroscopic Appearance | 359 | ||
| Histopathology | 359 | ||
| Morphology of Gastric MALT Lymphoma Following Eradication of Helicobacter pylori | 360 | ||
| Dissemination | 360 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 364 | ||
| Genetic Features of Malt Lymphoma | 364 | ||
| Antigen Receptor Genes | 364 | ||
| Genetic Abnormalities | 365 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin | 366 | ||
| Clinical Course | 366 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 366 | ||
| Reactive Versus Neoplastic MALT | 366 | ||
| MALT Versus Other Small B-Cell Lymphomas | 368 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 368 | ||
| Key References | 368 | ||
| References | 368.e1 | ||
| 20 Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas | 369 | ||
| Outline | 369 | ||
| Classification | 369 | ||
| Concept of Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas | 369 | ||
| WHO-EORTC, WHO 2008, and Revised WHO 2016 Classification | 370 | ||
| Primary Cutaneous Marginal-Zone Lymphoma | 370 | ||
| Definition | 370 | ||
| Epidemiology | 371 | ||
| Etiology | 371 | ||
| Clinical Features | 371 | ||
| Histopathology | 371 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 371 | ||
| Genetic Features | 371 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 371 | ||
| Prognosis and Predictive Factors | 373 | ||
| Therapy | 373 | ||
| Primary Cutaneous Follicle-Center Lymphoma | 373 | ||
| Definition | 373 | ||
| Epidemiology | 374 | ||
| Clinical Features | 374 | ||
| Histopathology | 374 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 374 | ||
| Genetic Features | 374 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 376 | ||
| Prognosis and Predictive Factors | 376 | ||
| Therapy | 376 | ||
| Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type | 378 | ||
| Definition | 378 | ||
| Epidemiology | 378 | ||
| Clinical Features | 378 | ||
| Histopathology | 379 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 379 | ||
| Genetic Features | 379 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 379 | ||
| Prognosis, Predictive Factors, and Treatment | 379 | ||
| Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 379 | ||
| B-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma | 380 | ||
| Cutaneous Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphproliferative Disorders | 380 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 381 | ||
| Key References | 381 | ||
| References | 381.e1 | ||
| 21 Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma | 383 | ||
| Outline | 383 | ||
| Definition | 383 | ||
| Epidemiology, Etiology, and Cofactors | 383 | ||
| Clinical Features | 384 | ||
| Morphology | 384 | ||
| Cytologic Features | 384 | ||
| Architectural Features | 384 | ||
| Other Anatomic Sites | 388 | ||
| Grading | 388 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 388 | ||
| Genetics and Molecular Findings | 390 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin | 390 | ||
| Clinical Course and Prognostic Factors | 390 | ||
| Pediatric Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma | 390 | ||
| Morphology and Immunophenotype | 390 | ||
| Genetic Features | 391 | ||
| Clinical Features | 391 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 392 | ||
| Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma | 392 | ||
| Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma | 392 | ||
| Marginal Zone Hyperplasia and Related Reactive Conditions | 392 | ||
| Monocytoid B-Cell Hyperplasia | 392 | ||
| Follicular Lymphoma With Marginal Zone Differentiation | 393 | ||
| Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma With a Parafollicular Pattern | 394 | ||
| Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma | 394 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 394 | ||
| Key References | 396 | ||
| References | 396.e1 | ||
| 22 Mantle Cell Lymphoma | 397 | ||
| Outline | 397 | ||
| Definition | 397 | ||
| Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations | 397 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin | 398 | ||
| Morphology | 399 | ||
| Architectural Patterns | 399 | ||
| Cytologic Variants | 399 | ||
| Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood | 400 | ||
| Spleen | 401 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Tract | 401 | ||
| Histologic Progression | 403 | ||
| Composite Mantle Cell Lymphoma | 403 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 403 | ||
| Cytogenetic Findings | 405 | ||
| Molecular Characteristics | 406 | ||
| Translocation (11;14) and Cyclin D1 Expression | 406 | ||
| Cyclin D1 Oncogenic Mechanisms | 407 | ||
| SOX11 Oncogenic Mechanisms | 407 | ||
| Altered Molecular Pathways | 407 | ||
| Cell Cycle Deregulation | 407 | ||
| DNA Damage Response Pathway | 408 | ||
| Cell Survival and Other Pathways | 409 | ||
| Multistep Development and in Situ Mantle Cell Neoplasia | 409 | ||
| Mantle Cell Lymphoma Variants | 410 | ||
| Leukemic Non-nodal Mantle Cell Lymphoma | 410 | ||
| Cyclin D1–Negative Mantle Cell Lymphoma | 410 | ||
| Clinical Course | 411 | ||
| Indolent Mantle Cell Lymphoma | 411 | ||
| Prognostic Parameters | 411 | ||
| Therapy | 412 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 412 | ||
| Benign Disorders | 412 | ||
| Cyclin D1–Negative Mantle Cell Lymphoma | 412 | ||
| Atypical Leukemic Lymphoid Neoplasms | 413 | ||
| Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia–Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma | 413 | ||
| Follicular Lymphoma | 413 | ||
| Marginal-Zone Lymphoma | 413 | ||
| Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 413 | ||
| Acute Leukemias | 414 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 414 | ||
| Key References | 414 | ||
| References | 414.e1 | ||
| 23 Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 415 | ||
| Outline | 415 | ||
| Definition | 415 | ||
| Epidemiology | 415 | ||
| Etiology | 416 | ||
| Clinical Features | 416 | ||
| Morphology | 417 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 423 | ||
| Genetics | 425 | ||
| Molecular Subtypes: Germinal-Center B-Cell Type and Activated B-Cell Type | 425 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin | 427 | ||
| Clinical Course | 427 | ||
| Prognostic Factors | 428 | ||
| Clinical | 428 | ||
| Morphologic | 428 | ||
| Immunohistochemical | 428 | ||
| Molecular | 429 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 429 | ||
| Other Lymphomas of Large B-Cells | 433 | ||
| T-Cell/Histiocyte–Rich Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 433 | ||
| Definition | 433 | ||
| Epidemiology | 433 | ||
| Etiology | 434 | ||
| Clinical Features | 434 | ||
| Morphology | 434 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 434 | ||
| Genetics | 434 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin | 436 | ||
| Clinical Course | 436 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 436 | ||
| Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 437 | ||
| Definition | 437 | ||
| Epidemiology | 437 | ||
| Etiology | 437 | ||
| Clinical Features | 437 | ||
| Morphology | 437 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 437 | ||
| Genetics | 438 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin | 440 | ||
| Clinical Course | 440 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 440 | ||
| Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 442 | ||
| Definition | 442 | ||
| Epidemiology | 442 | ||
| Etiology | 442 | ||
| Clinical Features | 442 | ||
| Morphology | 442 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 443 | ||
| Genetics | 444 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin | 444 | ||
| Clinical Course | 444 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 444 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 444 | ||
| Key References | 444 | ||
| References | 445.e1 | ||
| 24 Burkitt’s Lymphoma and Its Mimics | 447 | ||
| Outline | 447 | ||
| Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 447 | ||
| Definition | 448 | ||
| Epidemiology | 448 | ||
| Endemic Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 448 | ||
| Sporadic Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 449 | ||
| Immunodeficiency-Associated Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 449 | ||
| Etiology and Pathogenesis | 449 | ||
| Clinical Features | 450 | ||
| Endemic Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 450 | ||
| Sporadic Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 450 | ||
| Immunodeficiency-Associated Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 451 | ||
| Staging | 451 | ||
| Morphology | 451 | ||
| Classic Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 451 | ||
| Variant Burkitt’s Lymphoma with Plasmacytoid Appearance | 452 | ||
| Other Morphologic Variations | 453 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 453 | ||
| Gene Expression Profiling | 454 | ||
| Genetics | 455 | ||
| IG/MYC Translocations | 455 | ||
| Other Molecular Genetic Changes in Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 457 | ||
| Is MYC Translocation Specific to Burkitt’s Lymphoma? | 458 | ||
| Burkitt-Like Lymphoma with 11q Aberrations: Do MYC Breakpoint–Negative Burkitt’s Lymphomas Exist? | 458 | ||
| Clinical Course | 459 | ||
| High-Grade B-Cell Lymphomas Other Than Burkitt’s Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 460 | ||
| High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 Rearrangements (Double Hit) | 460 | ||
| High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified | 462 | ||
| Other Differential Diagnoses of Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 462 | ||
| Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 462 | ||
| Lymphoblastic Lymphoma | 463 | ||
| Mantle Cell Lymphoma | 463 | ||
| Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified | 463 | ||
| Myeloid Sarcoma | 463 | ||
| A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis of Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 463 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 464 | ||
| Key References | 464 | ||
| References | 464.e1 | ||
| 25 Plasmablastic Neoplasms Other Than Plasma Cell Myeloma | 465 | ||
| Outline | 465 | ||
| Plasmablastic Lymphoma | 465 | ||
| Definition | 465 | ||
| Epidemiology | 465 | ||
| Clinical Features | 465 | ||
| Pathology | 466 | ||
| Genetic Features | 467 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 467 | ||
| ALK-Positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 468 | ||
| Definition | 468 | ||
| Epidemiology | 469 | ||
| Clinical Features | 469 | ||
| Pathology | 469 | ||
| Genetic Features | 470 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 470 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 470 | ||
| Key References | 471 | ||
| References | 472.e1 | ||
| 26 Plasma Cell Neoplasms | 473 | ||
| Outline | 473 | ||
| Plasma Cell Neoplasms | 473 | ||
| Definition | 473 | ||
| Classification | 474 | ||
| Plasma Cell Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma) | 474 | ||
| Definition | 474 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria | 474 | ||
| Epidemiology | 474 | ||
| Etiology and Pathogenesis | 474 | ||
| Clinical Features | 475 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 475 | ||
| Radiographic Studies | 476 | ||
| Blood Smear and Bone Marrow Findings | 477 | ||
| Histopathology | 479 | ||
| Plasma Cell Myeloma Clinical Variants | 481 | ||
| Non-Secretory Plasma Cell Myeloma | 481 | ||
| Smoldering Plasma Cell Myeloma (Asymptomatic Myeloma) | 482 | ||
| Plasma Cell Leukemia | 483 | ||
| Immunophenotype (Flow Cytometry) | 483 | ||
| Immunophenotypic Features of Normal and Neoplastic Plasma Cells | 483 | ||
| Normal Plasma Cells | 483 | ||
| Neoplastic Plasma Cells | 485 | ||
| Technical Issues | 486 | ||
| General Technical Issues | 486 | ||
| Technical Issues Related to Minimal Residual Disease Analysis | 486 | ||
| Diagnostic Issues | 487 | ||
| Unusual Morphologic Variants of Myeloma | 487 | ||
| Florid Reactive Plasmacytosis | 487 | ||
| Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas With Extreme Plasma Cell Differentiation | 487 | ||
| Prediction of Genetic Abnormalities | 488 | ||
| Prognostic Issues | 488 | ||
| Qualitative Immunophenotypic Features | 488 | ||
| Quantitative Issues at Diagnosis | 488 | ||
| Minimal Residual Disease | 488 | ||
| Circulating Plasma Cells | 488 | ||
| Immunophenotype (Immunohistochemistry) | 488 | ||
| Genetics | 489 | ||
| Genetic Testing for Plasma Cell Myeloma | 490 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 490 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 492 | ||
| Treatment | 492 | ||
| Prognosis | 492 | ||
| Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance | 493 | ||
| Definition | 493 | ||
| Epidemiology and Etiology | 493 | ||
| Clinical and Laboratory Features | 494 | ||
| Blood and Bone Marrow Findings | 494 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 494 | ||
| Flow Cytometry | 494 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 495 | ||
| Genetics | 495 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 495 | ||
| Clinical Course, Treatment, and Prognostic Factors | 495 | ||
| Clinical Course | 495 | ||
| Treatment | 495 | ||
| Prognostic Factors | 495 | ||
| Plasmacytoma | 496 | ||
| Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone | 496 | ||
| Definition and Diagnostic Criteria | 496 | ||
| Epidemiology | 496 | ||
| Clinical Features | 496 | ||
| Morphology, Immunophenotype, and Genetics | 497 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 497 | ||
| Treatment, Clinical Course, and Prognosis | 497 | ||
| Extraosseous Plasmacytoma | 497 | ||
| Definition | 497 | ||
| Epidemiology | 497 | ||
| Clinical Features | 497 | ||
| Morphology | 497 | ||
| Immunophenotype and Genetics | 497 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 498 | ||
| Treatment, Clinical Course, and Prognosis | 498 | ||
| Immunoglobulin Deposition Diseases | 498 | ||
| Primary Amyloidosis | 498 | ||
| Definition | 498 | ||
| Epidemiology | 498 | ||
| Clinical Features | 499 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 499 | ||
| Diagnosis | 499 | ||
| Blood and Bone Marrow Findings | 499 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 500 | ||
| Cytogenetics | 501 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 501 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 501 | ||
| Treatment | 501 | ||
| Prognosis | 501 | ||
| Systemic Light Chain and Heavy Chain Deposition Diseases | 501 | ||
| Definition | 501 | ||
| Epidemiology | 501 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 502 | ||
| Clinical and Laboratory Findings | 502 | ||
| Morphology | 502 | ||
| Immunophenotype and Genetics | 502 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 502 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 502 | ||
| Plasma Cell Neoplasms With Associated Paraneoplastic Syndrome | 502 | ||
| POEMS Syndrome (Osteosclerotic Myeloma) | 502 | ||
| Definition | 502 | ||
| Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathogenesis | 503 | ||
| Clinical Features | 503 | ||
| Morphology | 503 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 504 | ||
| Cytogenetics | 504 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 504 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 504 | ||
| TEMPI Syndrome | 505 | ||
| Definition | 505 | ||
| Etiology and Epidemiology | 505 | ||
| Clinical and Laboratory Features | 505 | ||
| Morphology | 505 | ||
| Immunophenotypic Features and Genetics | 505 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 505 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 505 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 506 | ||
| References | 506.e1 | ||
| 27 Nodular Lymphocyte–Predominant Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | 507 | ||
| Outline | 507 | ||
| Definition | 507 | ||
| Historical Background | 507 | ||
| Epidemiology | 508 | ||
| Clinical Features | 508 | ||
| Morphology | 509 | ||
| IV Myeloid Neoplasms | 783 | ||
| 44 Principles of Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms | 785 | ||
| Outline | 785 | ||
| Evaluation of Myeloid Neoplasms | 786 | ||
| World Health Organization Classification | 788 | ||
| Myeloproliferative Neoplasms | 788 | ||
| Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Eosinophilia and Rearrangement of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1 or With PCM1-JAK2 | 788 | ||
| Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms | 791 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 791 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 791 | ||
| Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage | 792 | ||
| Myeloid Neoplasms With Germline Predisposition | 792 | ||
| Conclusion | 792 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 792 | ||
| Key References | 792 | ||
| References | 792.e1 | ||
| 45 Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 793 | ||
| Outline | 793 | ||
| Incidence | 794 | ||
| Clinical Features | 794 | ||
| Laboratory Features | 794 | ||
| Peripheral Blood Parameters | 794 | ||
| Microscopic Features in Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow | 794 | ||
| Extramedullary Manifestations | 797 | ||
| Flow Cytometry Abnormalities | 797 | ||
| Genetic Abnormalities | 798 | ||
| Role of Genetic Abnormalities in the Diagnosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 799 | ||
| Role of Genetic Abnormalities in the Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 800 | ||
| Role of Genetic Abnormalities in the Prognostication of Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 800 | ||
| Other Biologic Abnormalities and Assessments | 800 | ||
| Loss of Function in Hematopoietic Cells | 800 | ||
| Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Analysis | 800 | ||
| Diagnosis | 801 | ||
| Classification | 801 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome–Related Disease versus De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 801 | ||
| General Biologic Subtypes of Myelodysplastic Syndrome | 802 | ||
| Low-Grade Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 802 | ||
| High-Grade Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 802 | ||
| World Health Organization Classification | 802 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Single Lineage Dysplasia (Previously: Refractory Cytopenia with Unilineage Dysplasia) | 803 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Ring Sideroblasts (Previously: Refractory Anemia with Ring Sideroblasts and Refractory Cytopenia with Multilineage Dysplasia and Ring Sideroblasts) | 803 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Multilineage Dysplasia (Previously: Refractory Cytopenia with Multilineage Dysplasia) | 804 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Excess Blasts (Previously: Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts) | 805 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Isolated del(5q) | 805 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Unclassifiable (MDS-U) | 805 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Children, Including Refractory Cytopenia of Childhood and Familial Myeloid Neoplasms | 806 | ||
| Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 806 | ||
| Prognostic Scoring Systems | 806 | ||
| Additional Considerations | 807 | ||
| Hypoplastic Myelodysplastic Syndrome | 807 | ||
| Erythroid-Predominant Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 807 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndromes with 3q26 Abnormalities | 808 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndromes with 17p Abnormalities | 808 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Fibrosis | 808 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 808 | ||
| Megaloblastic Anemia | 808 | ||
| Chemotherapy-Induced Dysplasia and Cytopenias | 809 | ||
| Marrow Recovery after Chemotherapy in Myelodysplastic Syndrome–Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 809 | ||
| Marrow Recovery after Acute Marrow Injury or Stem Cell Transplantation | 809 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities and Low Blast Count | 809 | ||
| Non–Myelodysplastic Syndrome Abnormal Hematopoiesis | 810 | ||
| Idiopathic Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance (ICUS) | 810 | ||
| Idiopathic Dysplasia of Undetermined Significance | 810 | ||
| Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) | 810 | ||
| Marrow Dysplasia in HIV Infection | 811 | ||
| Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia | 811 | ||
| Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias | 811 | ||
| Non–Myelodysplastic Syndrome Sideroblastic Anemias | 811 | ||
| Copper Deficiency and Zinc Toxicity | 811 | ||
| Arsenic Exposure | 812 | ||
| Chronic Viral Infections | 812 | ||
| Primary Myelofibrosis | 812 | ||
| Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia | 812 | ||
| Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms | 812 | ||
| Aplastic Anemia | 812 | ||
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria | 813 | ||
| Causative Agents | 813 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 813 | ||
| Conclusion | 814 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 814 | ||
| Key References | 814 | ||
| References | 815.e1 | ||
| 46 Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 817 | ||
| Outline | 817 | ||
| Epidemiology | 818 | ||
| Etiology | 818 | ||
| Clinical Features | 818 | ||
| Morphology | 818 | ||
| Cytochemistry | 818 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 819 | ||
| Genetics | 819 | ||
| Prognosis | 819 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities | 819 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21)(q22;q22.1) (RUNX1-RUNX1T1) | 819 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22) (CBFB-MYH11) | 820 | ||
| Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With PML-RARA | 822 | ||
| Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With Variant RARA Translocations | 823 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3) (KMT2A-MLLT3) | 824 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(6;9)(p23;q34.1) (DEK-NUP214) | 825 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With inv(3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2) (GATA2, MECOM/EVI1) | 826 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Megakaryoblastic) With t(1;22)(p13.3;q13.1) (RBM15-MKL1) | 827 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With BCR-ABL1 | 828 | ||
| Other Acute Myeloid Leukemias With Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities | 829 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Gene Mutations | 829 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Mutated NPM1 | 830 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Biallelic Mutations of CEBPA | 832 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Mutated RUNX1 | 832 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Myelodysplasia-Related Changes | 833 | ||
| Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms | 835 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Not Otherwise Specified | 836 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Minimal Differentiation | 837 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia Without Maturation | 837 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Maturation | 837 | ||
| Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia | 837 | ||
| Acute Monoblastic and Monocytic Leukemias | 837 | ||
| Acute Erythroid Leukemia | 838 | ||
| Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia | 839 | ||
| Acute Basophilic Leukemia | 839 | ||
| Acute Panmyelosis With Myelofibrosis | 840 | ||
| Myeloid Proliferations of Down’s Syndrome | 840 | ||
| Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis | 840 | ||
| Myeloid Leukemia Associated With Down’s Syndrome | 841 | ||
| Myeloid Sarcoma | 842 | ||
| Integrated Approach to the Diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 844 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 845 | ||
| Key References | 845 | ||
| References | 845.e1 | ||
| 47 Myeloproliferative Neoplasms | 847 | ||
| Outline | 847 | ||
| Definition | 847 | ||
| Etiology and Pathogenesis | 848 | ||
| “Driver” Genetic Abnormalities in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms | 848 | ||
| Associated Mutations, Cytogenetic Abnormalities, and Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms | 852 | ||
| Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive | 852 | ||
| Diagnosis | 852 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 853 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 853 | ||
| Peripheral Blood, Chronic Phase | 853 | ||
| Bone Marrow, Chronic Phase | 853 | ||
| Extramedullary Tissues | 855 | ||
| Genetics | 855 | ||
| Disease Progression | 856 | ||
| Accelerated Phase | 857 | ||
| Blast Phase | 857 | ||
| Therapy, Disease Monitoring, and Prognosis | 860 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 861 | ||
| Chronic Phase | 861 | ||
| Myeloid or Lymphoid Blast Phase | 862 | ||
| Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia | 863 | ||
| Diagnosis | 863 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 863 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 863 | ||
| Peripheral Blood | 863 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 864 | ||
| Extramedullary Tissues | 864 | ||
| Genetics | 864 | ||
| Disease Progression and Prognosis | 864 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 865 | ||
| Polycythemia Vera | 865 | ||
| Diagnosis | 866 | ||
| Clinical Findings, Polycythemic Phase | 866 | ||
| Laboratory Findings, Polycythemic Phase | 866 | ||
| Peripheral Blood | 866 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 866 | ||
| Extramedullary Tissues | 867 | ||
| Genetics | 867 | ||
| Other Laboratory Findings | 867 | ||
| Disease Progression and Prognosis | 868 | ||
| Post-Polycythemic Myelofibrosis | 868 | ||
| Acute Leukemia/Myelodysplastic Phase | 868 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 869 | ||
| Primary Polycythemia, Acquired and Congenital | 869 | ||
| Secondary Polycythemia, Acquired and Congenital | 869 | ||
| Primary Myelofibrosis | 869 | ||
| Diagnosis | 870 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 870 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 871 | ||
| Peripheral Blood | 871 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 871 | ||
| Extramedullary Tissues | 873 | ||
| Genetics | 873 | ||
| Disease Progression and Prognosis | 875 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 875 | ||
| Essential Thrombocythemia | 876 | ||
| Diagnosis | 877 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 877 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 877 | ||
| Peripheral Blood | 877 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 878 | ||
| Extramedullary Tissues | 878 | ||
| Genetics | 878 | ||
| Disease Progression and Prognosis | 878 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 879 | ||
| Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Unclassifiable | 880 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 880 | ||
| Key References | 881 | ||
| References | 881.e1 | ||
| 48 Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms | 883 | ||
| Outline | 883 | ||
| Etiology and Pathogenesis | 883 | ||
| Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia | 886 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 887 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 888 | ||
| Blood | 888 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 888 | ||
| Extramedullary Tissues | 894 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 895 | ||
| Cytogenetics and Genetics | 895 | ||
| Other Laboratory Findings | 895 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 896 | ||
| Reactive Monocytosis | 896 | ||
| Acute Myelomonocytic and Acute Monocytic Leukemia | 897 | ||
| Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive | 897 | ||
| Myeloid Neoplasms Associated With Eosinophilia and Rearrangements of PDGFRB | 897 | ||
| Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Negative | 897 | ||
| BCR-ABL1–Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Associated With Monocytosis | 897 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome | 897 | ||
| Prognosis, Prognostic Factors, and Progression | 897 | ||
| Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Negative | 898 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 898 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 899 | ||
| Blood | 899 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 899 | ||
| Extramedullary Tissues | 900 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 900 | ||
| Cytogenetics and Genetics | 901 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 901 | ||
| Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia | 901 | ||
| Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive | 901 | ||
| Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, BCR-ABL1 Negative (Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia, Polycythemia Vera, Primary Myelofibrosis, Essential Thrombocythemia) | 901 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome | 901 | ||
| Prognosis and Prognostic Factors | 902 | ||
| Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm With Ring Sideroblasts and Thrombocytosis | 902 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 902 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 902 | ||
| Blood | 902 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 902 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 902 | ||
| Cytogenetics and Genetics | 902 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 903 | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome With Ring Sideroblasts | 903 | ||
| Myeloproliferative Neoplasm With Ring Sideroblasts | 903 | ||
| Prognosis and Prognostic Factors | 903 | ||
| Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia | 904 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 904 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 904 | ||
| Blood | 904 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 906 | ||
| Extramedullary Tissues | 906 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 906 | ||
| Cytogenetics and Genetics | 906 | ||
| Genetic Susceptibility | 906 | ||
| Other Laboratory Findings | 908 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 908 | ||
| Infection | 908 | ||
| Other Myeloid Diseases | 909 | ||
| Prognosis and Prognostic Factors | 909 | ||
| Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Unclassifiable | 909 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 909 | ||
| Key References | 909 | ||
| References | 910.e1 | ||
| 49 Mastocytosis | 911 | ||
| Outline | 911 | ||
| Definition | 911 | ||
| General Aspects | 912 | ||
| Epidemiology and Etiology | 912 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin and Normal Counterpart | 912 | ||
| Genetics and Molecular Findings | 912 | ||
| Cytologic and Histologic Diagnosis | 914 | ||
| Histology | 915 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 916 | ||
| Histopathologic Findings | 917 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 918 | ||
| Spleen | 918 | ||
| Liver | 918 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 918 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Tract | 919 | ||
| Skin | 921 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 921 | ||
| Classification | 922 | ||
| Cutaneous Mastocytosis | 922 | ||
| Definition | 922 | ||
| Epidemiology | 923 | ||
| Clinical Features | 923 | ||
| Morphology | 924 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 924 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin | 924 | ||
| Clinical Course | 924 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 924 | ||
| Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis | 925 | ||
| Definition | 925 | ||
| Epidemiology | 925 | ||
| Clinical Features | 925 | ||
| Morphology | 925 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 925 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin | 926 | ||
| Clinical Course | 926 | ||
| Subvariants and Differential Diagnosis | 926 | ||
| Systemic Mastocytosis with an Associated Hematologic Neoplasm | 926 | ||
| Definition | 926 | ||
| Epidemiology | 926 | ||
| Clinical Features | 926 | ||
| Morphology | 926 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 927 | ||
| Postulated Cell of Origin | 927 | ||
| Clinical Course | 927 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 927 | ||
| Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis | 927 | ||
| Definition | 927 | ||
| Epidemiology | 927 | ||
| Clinical Features | 927 | ||
| Morphology | 927 | ||
| V Histiocytic Proliferations | 955 | ||
| 52 Non-neoplastic Histiocytic Proliferations of Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow | 957 | ||
| Outline | 957 | ||
| Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman Disease) | 957 | ||
| Definition | 957 | ||
| Epidemiology | 958 | ||
| Etiology | 958 | ||
| Clinical Features | 958 | ||
| Morphology | 958 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 959 | ||
| Clinical Course | 959 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 959 | ||
| Hemophagocytic Syndromes | 959 | ||
| Familial (Primary) Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis | 960 | ||
| Definition | 960 | ||
| Epidemiology | 960 | ||
| Etiology | 960 | ||
| Clinical Features | 961 | ||
| Morphology | 961 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 962 | ||
| Clinical Course | 962 | ||
| Secondary Hemophagocytic Syndromes | 962 | ||
| Definition | 962 | ||
| Epidemiology | 962 | ||
| Etiology | 963 | ||
| Clinical Features | 963 | ||
| Morphology | 963 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 963 | ||
| Genetics | 964 | ||
| Clinical Course | 964 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 964 | ||
| Niemann-Pick Disease | 964 | ||
| Definition | 964 | ||
| VI Immunodeficiency Disorders | 997 | ||
| 54 The Pathology of Primary Immunodeficiencies | 999 | ||
| Outline | 999 | ||
| Classification | 1000 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1000 | ||
| Severe Combined Immunodeficiency | 1000 | ||
| The Thymus in SCID, CID, and Leaky SCID | 1000 | ||
| Omenn’s Syndrome | 1001 | ||
| Combined ID Generally Less Profound Than SCID | 1001 | ||
| CD40L Deficiency or Hyper IgM Type 1 Syndrome | 1002 | ||
| AID Deficiency or Hyper IgM Type 3 Syndrome | 1002 | ||
| Common Variable Immunodeficiency | 1002 | ||
| PI3K-Related Immunodeficiencies | 1004 | ||
| Agammaglobulinemia | 1006 | ||
| X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia | 1006 | ||
| X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease | 1006 | ||
| X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis | 1007 | ||
| Defects That Affect Homeostasis of the Immune System | 1007 | ||
| Autosomal Dominant Immune Dysregulation Syndrome with Heterozygous Germline Mutations of Cytotoxic T-Cell Antigen-4 | 1007 | ||
| Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome | 1008 | ||
| Defects in Synapse Formation and Crosstalk between Antigen-Presenting Cells and T-Cells | 1009 | ||
| Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome | 1009 | ||
| Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis | 1010 | ||
| Ataxia Telangiectasia | 1011 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 1011 | ||
| Key References | 1011 | ||
| References | 1011.e1 | ||
| 55 Iatrogenic Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders | 1013 | ||
| Outline | 1013 | ||
| Definition | 1013 | ||
| Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders | 1013 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1013 | ||
| Etiology | 1015 | ||
| Clinical Features | 1015 | ||
| Morphology | 1017 | ||
| Non-destructive Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders | 1017 | ||
| Polymorphic Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder | 1017 | ||
| Monomorphic Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder | 1020 | ||
| Monomorphic B-Cell Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder | 1020 | ||
| Monomorphic T/NK-Cell Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder | 1022 | ||
| Classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder | 1023 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 1023 | ||
| Genetics | 1024 | ||
| Clonality Studies | 1024 | ||
| Epstein-Barr Virus Studies | 1024 | ||
| Cytogenetic and Additional Molecular Studies | 1024 | ||
| Postulated Normal Counterparts | 1025 | ||
| Clinical Course | 1025 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 1026 | ||
| Iatrogenic Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Non-transplant Settings | 1027 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 1028 | ||
| Key References | 1028 | ||
| References | 1029.e1 | ||
| VII Site-Specific Issues in the Diagnosis of Lymphoma and Leukemia | 1031 | ||
| 56 Bone Marrow Evaluation for Lymphoma | 1033 | ||
| Outline | 1033 | ||
| Distinction between Benign Lymphoid Aggregates and Lymphoma | 1034 | ||
| Morphology | 1034 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 1034 | ||
| Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping | 1037 | ||
| Molecular Diagnostic Studies | 1038 | ||
| Unusual Reactive Lymphoid Infiltrates | 1039 | ||
| Systemic Polyclonal Immunoblastic Proliferation | 1039 | ||
| Reactive Polymorphous Lymphohistiocytic Proliferation | 1040 | ||
| Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Involving Bone Marrow | 1041 | ||
| Incidence of Bone Marrow Involvement | 1041 | ||
| Histologic Patterns of Bone Marrow Involvement | 1041 | ||
| Characteristic Features of B-Cell Lymphomas Involving Bone Marrow | 1041 | ||
| Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma | 1043 | ||
| Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma and Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia | 1044 | ||
| Marginal Zone Lymphoma | 1045 | ||
| Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma | 1045 | ||
| Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma | 1046 | ||
| Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma | 1046 | ||
| Follicular Lymphoma | 1046 | ||
| Mantle Cell Lymphoma | 1047 | ||
| Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 1050 | ||
| Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 1052 | ||
| Primary Effusion Lymphoma | 1052 | ||
| Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 1052 | ||
| High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma | 1053 | ||
| B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma | 1053 | ||
| Characteristic Features of T-Cell Lymphomas Involving Bone Marrow | 1053 | ||
| T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma | 1053 | ||
| Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma | 1054 | ||
| Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma | 1054 | ||
| Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma | 1054 | ||
| Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma | 1056 | ||
| Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome | 1056 | ||
| Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma | 1058 | ||
| Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified | 1058 | ||
| Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma | 1060 | ||
| Characteristic Features of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Involving Bone Marrow | 1060 | ||
| Non-lymphoid Malignant Neoplasms That Mimic Lymphomas | 1061 | ||
| Metastatic Tumors | 1061 | ||
| Systemic Mastocytosis | 1062 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 1063 | ||
| Key References | 1064 | ||
| References | 1064.e1 | ||
| 57 Evaluation of the Bone Marrow After Therapy | 1065 | ||
| Outline | 1065 | ||
| General Approach | 1065 | ||
| Acute Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome | 1068 | ||
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome | 1068 | ||
| Morphologic Features | 1068 | ||
| Immunophenotyping | 1069 | ||
| Cytogenetics and Molecular Studies | 1070 | ||
| Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia | 1072 | ||
| Morphologic Features | 1072 | ||
| Immunophenotyping | 1072 | ||
| Cytogenetics and Molecular Studies | 1073 | ||
| Distinguishing Hematogones from Leukemic Blasts | 1074 | ||
| BCR-ABL1–Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | 1074 | ||
| Morphologic Features | 1075 | ||
| Immunophenotyping | 1076 | ||
| Cytogenetics and Molecular Studies | 1076 | ||
| BCR-ABL1–Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms | 1077 | ||
| Morphologic Features | 1077 | ||
| Immunophenotyping | 1077 | ||
| Cytogenetics and Molecular Studies | 1077 | ||
| Chronic Lymphoproliferative and Plasma Cell Disorders | 1078 | ||
| Morphologic Features | 1078 | ||
| Immunophenotyping | 1078 | ||
| Cytogenetics and Molecular Studies | 1080 | ||
| Other Bone Marrow Changes After Therapy | 1082 | ||
| Necrosis | 1082 | ||
| Fibrosis | 1082 | ||
| Serous Atrophy | 1082 | ||
| Solid Tumors | 1082 | ||
| Growth Factor Changes | 1083 | ||
| Late Effects of Therapy, Including Secondary Malignancies | 1084 | ||
| Key References | 1087 | ||
| References | 1087.e1 | ||
| 58 Non-hematopoietic Neoplasms of the Bone Marrow | 1089 | ||
| Outline | 1089 | ||
| Definition | 1089 | ||
| Invasive Breast Carcinoma | 1089 | ||
| Carcinoma of the Lung | 1092 | ||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 1092 | ||
| Adenocarcinomas | 1092 | ||
| Metastatic Prostate Cancer | 1092 | ||
| Carcinomas of the Stomach | 1092 | ||
| Colorectal Carcinomas | 1093 | ||
| Renal Cell Carcinoma | 1093 | ||
| Malignant Melanoma | 1093 | ||
| Pediatric Cancers | 1093 | ||
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 1093 | ||
| Neuroblastoma | 1093 | ||
| Retinoblastoma | 1094 | ||
| Medulloblastoma | 1095 | ||
| Ewing’s Sarcoma | 1095 | ||
| Neuroectodermal Tumor of Bone | 1095 | ||
| Cartilage-Forming Tumors | 1095 | ||
| Hemangiomas | 1095 | ||
| Epithelioid Hemangioendotheliomas | 1096 | ||
| Other Soft Tissue Tumors | 1096 | ||
| Malignant Lymphomas | 1096 | ||
| Benign Tumor-Like Lesions of the Bone | 1096 | ||
| Metaphyseal Fibrous Defect (Non-Ossifying Fibroma) | 1096 | ||
| Paget’s Disease | 1096 | ||
| Chronic Osteomyelitis | 1096 | ||
| Conclusion | 1097 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 1097 | ||
| Key References | 1097 | ||
| References | 1097.e1 | ||
| 59 Non-lymphoid Lesions of the Lymph Nodes | 1099 | ||
| Outline | 1099 | ||
| Metastatic Tumors in Lymph Nodes | 1099 | ||
| Histologic Features of Metastatic Tumors | 1099 | ||
| Characteristic Biologic Patterns of Metastasis | 1101 | ||
| Role of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Metastatic Tumors | 1102 | ||
| Non-lymphoid Tumors With Prominent Reactive Lymphoid Components | 1104 | ||
| Benign Lymph Node Inclusions | 1105 | ||
| Epithelial and Mesothelial Inclusions in Lymph Nodes Adjacent to Solid Organs | 1105 | ||
| Keratin-Positive Fibroblastic Reticular Cells | 1106 | ||
| Nevus Cell Aggregates | 1106 | ||
| Mesenchymal Proliferations in Lymph Nodes | 1107 | ||
| Vascular Transformation of Lymph Node Sinuses and Lymphatic Proliferations | 1107 | ||
| Mixed Smooth Muscle–Vascular Proliferations | 1107 | ||
| Inflammatory Pseudotumor of Lymph Nodes | 1108 | ||
| Kaposi’s Sarcoma | 1109 | ||
| Vascular Tumors | 1110 | ||
| Metastatic Sarcomas of Other Types | 1110 | ||
| Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Elements and Tumors Involving Lymph Nodes | 1111 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 1112 | ||
| Key References | 1112 | ||
| References | 1112.e1 | ||
| 60 Spleen | 1113 | ||
| Outline | 1113 | ||
| The Normal Spleen | 1114 | ||
| Gross Examination | 1114 | ||
| Diffuse Splenic Enlargement | 1114 | ||
| White Pulp Involvement | 1114 | ||
| Red Pulp Involvement | 1116 | ||
| Focal Splenic Pathology | 1116 | ||
| Splenic Rupture | 1116 | ||
| Lymphoid Hyperplasia | 1116 | ||
| Castleman’s Disease | 1117 | ||
| Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome | 1117 | ||
| Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | 1118 | ||
| Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas | 1118 | ||
| Primary Splenic Lymphoma | 1118 | ||
| Secondary Splenic Involvement by Lymphoma | 1119 | ||
| Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms | 1119 | ||
| Systemic or Secondary Mature B-Cell Lymphomas and Leukemias | 1119 | ||
| Primary B-Cell Lymphoid Neoplasms Presenting with Prominent Splenomegaly | 1120 | ||
| Mature T-Cell and NK-Cell Neoplasms | 1120 | ||
| T-Cell Lymphoid Neoplasms Presenting with Prominent Splenomegaly | 1121 | ||
| Myeloid Neoplasms | 1121 | ||
| Myeloproliferative Neoplasms | 1121 | ||
| Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | 1121 | ||
| Polycythemia Vera | 1122 | ||
| Primary Myelofibrosis | 1122 | ||
| Essential Thrombocythemia | 1123 | ||
| Other Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms | 1123 | ||
| Systemic Mastocytosis | 1124 | ||
| Proliferations of the Monocyte-Macrophage System | 1124 | ||
| Hemophagocytic Syndromes | 1124 | ||
| Mesenchymal Tumors and Non-Neoplastic Disorders That Mimic Neoplasms | 1125 | ||
| Splenic Hemangioma | 1125 | ||
| Littoral Cell Angioma | 1125 | ||
| Splenic Angiosarcoma | 1125 | ||
| Splenic Lymphangioma | 1127 | ||
| Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the Spleen | 1127 | ||
| Peliosis | 1127 | ||
| Splenic Hamartoma | 1128 | ||
| Inflammatory Pseudotumor-Like Dendritic Cell Sarcoma and Reactive Pseudotumoral Lesions of the Spleen | 1129 | ||
| Inflammatory Pseudotumor-like Dendritic Cell Sarcoma | 1129 | ||
| Other Proliferations | 1129 | ||
| Splenic Cysts | 1129 | ||
| Other Tumors | 1130 | ||
| Storage Diseases | 1130 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 1131 | ||
| Key References | 1131 | ||
| References | 1131.e1 | ||
| 61 Diagnosis of Lymphoma in Extranodal Sites Other Than Skin | 1133 | ||
| Outline | 1133 | ||
| Nervous System and Meninges | 1133 | ||
| Central Nervous System | 1133 | ||
| Epidemiology and Etiology | 1136 | ||
| Clinical Features | 1136 | ||
| Morphologic Features | 1136 | ||
| Immunophenotype | 1137 | ||
| Genetic Features | 1137 | ||
| Postulated Normal Counterpart | 1137 | ||
| Staging, Treatment, and Outcome | 1137 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 1137 | ||
| Eye | 1137 | ||
| Clinical Features | 1137 | ||
| Index | 1167 | ||
| A | 1167 | ||
| B | 1169 | ||
| C | 1172 | ||
| D | 1175 | ||
| E | 1176 | ||
| F | 1177 | ||
| G | 1178 | ||
| H | 1179 | ||
| I | 1181 | ||
| J | 1182 | ||
| K | 1183 | ||
| L | 1183 | ||
| M | 1186 | ||
| N | 1189 | ||
| O | 1190 | ||
| P | 1190 | ||
| Q | 1194 | ||
| R | 1194 | ||
| S | 1194 | ||
| T | 1196 | ||
| U | 1198 | ||
| V | 1198 | ||
| W | 1198 | ||
| X | 1199 | ||
| Z | 1199 | ||
| Inside Back Cover | ibc1 |