BOOK
Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing - E-Book
Katherine M. Fortinash | Patricia A. Holoday Worret
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Focusing on what psychiatric nurses actually do in everyday practice, Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 5th Edition, uses a balanced nursing-medical approach to cover all of the most common disorders and treatments. The text's full-color illustrations and straightforward style help you make sense of challenging material. And its strong emphasis on the nursing process, updated DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, interdisciplinary interventions, and the latest mental health practices boost your confidence in managing clients and prepare you for success on the NCLEX¨ examination.
- UNIQUE! Balanced nursing-medical approach offers strong baseline coverage of the nursing process and interdisciplinary interventions and focuses on what psychiatric nurses actually do.
- Complete coverage of the nursing process features the six-step problem-solving method and how to put it into practice.
- DSM-IV-TR Criteria boxes list categories of mental disorders and the criteria for diagnosing them.
- Nursing care plans provide care guidelines for each plan and include a brief case study, followed by assessment, diagnosis, goal setting, interventions with rationales, and evaluation.
- UNIQUE! Clinical Alert boxes address issues critical to the safety or well-being of the client.
- Case studies depict effective nursing care strategies and promote critical thinking.
- Research for Evidence-Based Practice boxes discuss the implications of current research studies.
- Client and Family Teaching Guidelines boxes focus on the issues confronting families when a member suffers from mental illness.
- UNIQUE! Medication Key Facts boxes highlight the most common psychopharmacologic interventions along with safe and effective use.
- Nursing Assessment Questions boxes include questions that should be asked in the assessment of a particular disorder.
- Clinical Symptoms boxes help you apply content to the real world.
- Additional Treatment Modalities boxes summarize other modalities and interventions used in conjunction with nursing interventions in the treatment of a particular disorder.
- Chapter summaries conclude each chapter with the most significant ideas to remember.
- Review questions with answers in the appendix offer immediate reinforcement of chapter content and help you prepare for the NCLEX Examination.
- Glossary provides concise definitions of key terms.
- Objectives and key terms emphasize the most important concepts from each chapter.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Inside front cover | ifc_i | ||
| Half title page | i | ||
| Evolve page | ii | ||
| Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Acknowledgments | v | ||
| Contributors | vi | ||
| Reviewers | vii | ||
| PREFACE | viii | ||
| About This Book | viii | ||
| Current Health Care | viii | ||
| Research and Treatment | viii | ||
| Integrated Nursing and Medical Models | viii | ||
| PMH Nursing Focus | viii | ||
| Interdisciplinary Care Planning Tools | viii | ||
| Language and terminology | viii | ||
| Features | ix | ||
| Special Features | ix | ||
| 1. Disorder Chapter (Schizophrenia) | ix | ||
| 2. Concept Map | ix | ||
| 3. Research for Evidence-Based Practice Box | ix | ||
| 4. Patient and Family Teaching Guidelines | x | ||
| 5. Case Studies with Critical Thinking Skills | x | ||
| 6. Clinical Alert Boxes | x | ||
| 7. Chapter Summary, Review Questions, and References with Online Resources | x | ||
| Teaching and Learning Package | xi | ||
| Student Resources | xi | ||
| Instructor Resources | xi | ||
| Table of Contents | xii | ||
| I Foundations for Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing | 1 | ||
| 1 Psychiatric Nursing: | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 1 | ||
| Universal Agreement | 1 | ||
| Fundamental Objectives | 2 | ||
| Promotion and Protection | 2 | ||
| Sites for Health Promotion | 2 | ||
| Promotion Inhibitors | 2 | ||
| Expanded Involvement | 2 | ||
| Prevention | 3 | ||
| Primary Prevention | 3 | ||
| Secondary Prevention | 3 | ||
| Tertiary Prevention | 3 | ||
| Treatment | 4 | ||
| Background. | 4 | ||
| Treatment Plan. | 4 | ||
| Patients’ Rights in Treatment. | 4 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 5 | ||
| Integrated Care: The Mind and the Body | 5 | ||
| Nursing Implications. | 5 | ||
| Recovery and Rehabilitation | 6 | ||
| Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Today | 7 | ||
| Current Issues and Trends | 7 | ||
| The Recovery Initiative. | 7 | ||
| Nursing and Evidence-Based Practice. | 7 | ||
| Other Salient Issues | 8 | ||
| The Art and Science of PMHN | 8 | ||
| Mental Health and Mental Disorder | 8 | ||
| Mental Health | 8 | ||
| Factors and Indicators | 8 | ||
| Risk Factors and Protective Factors | 10 | ||
| Mental Disorder | 10 | ||
| The Etiology Argument | 10 | ||
| Statistics for Mental Disorders | 11 | ||
| Classification of Mental Disorders | 11 | ||
| Patient Diagnoses and Nursing | 12 | ||
| Social Stigma | 12 | ||
| Global Mental Health and Disorders | 13 | ||
| Mental Health Care Reform | 13 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 14 | ||
| Review Questions | 14 | ||
| References | 15 | ||
| Online Resources | 15 | ||
| 2 Nursing Practice in the Clinical Setting | 16 | ||
| Objectives | 16 | ||
| Key Terms | 16 | ||
| Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Leaders | 17 | ||
| Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: A Practice-Oriented Profession | 18 | ||
| The Therapeutic Alliance: Definition and Description | 18 | ||
| Principles of the Nurse–Patient Relationship | 19 | ||
| Therapeutic Versus Social. | 19 | ||
| Patient Centered. | 19 | ||
| Goal Directed. | 20 | ||
| Objective Versus Subjective. | 20 | ||
| Time-Limited Interactions. | 21 | ||
| Stages of the Nurse–Patient Relationship | 21 | ||
| Preorientation Stage. | 21 | ||
| Orientation Stage. | 21 | ||
| The Contract. | 21 | ||
| Working Stage. | 22 | ||
| Termination Stage. | 22 | ||
| Clinical Concepts and Techniques | 22 | ||
| Helping: The Concept and the Activity | 22 | ||
| Altruism | 23 | ||
| II Biologic and Psychosocial Principles for Mental Health Nursing | 87 | ||
| 5 Adaptation to Stress | 87 | ||
| Objectives | 87 | ||
| Key Terms | 87 | ||
| What is Stress? | 87 | ||
| Physical Responses to Stress | 88 | ||
| Hans Selye and the General Adaptation Syndrome | 88 | ||
| Personal Control and Stress | 89 | ||
| Life Events That Trigger Stress | 90 | ||
| Interventions to Promote Health in the Face of Stress | 90 | ||
| Stop, Divert, and Reframe | 91 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 92 | ||
| Review Questions | 93 | ||
| References | 93 | ||
| Online Resources | 93 | ||
| 6 Neurobiology in Mental Health and Mental Disorder | 95 | ||
| Objectives | 95 | ||
| Key Terms | 95 | ||
| Neurobiology and Human Behavior | 96 | ||
| Neuroanatomy | 96 | ||
| The Brain | 96 | ||
| Brain Cells | 96 | ||
| Cerebrum | 97 | ||
| Basal Nuclei. | 99 | ||
| Limbic System. | 100 | ||
| Diencephalon | 100 | ||
| Cerebellum | 101 | ||
| Brainstem | 101 | ||
| Neurophysiology | 101 | ||
| Nerve Cell Electrical Function: Action Potential | 101 | ||
| Nerve Cell Chemical Function: Neurotransmitters | 102 | ||
| Specific Neurotransmitters. | 103 | ||
| Clinical Significance of Neurotransmitters. | 104 | ||
| Depression. | 104 | ||
| Anxiety. | 104 | ||
| Schizophrenia. | 104 | ||
| Parkinsonism. | 105 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease. | 105 | ||
| Interrelated Body Systems | 105 | ||
| Psychoneuroimmunology | 105 | ||
| Neuroendocrinology | 105 | ||
| Chronobiology | 106 | ||
| Genetics | 106 | ||
| Stem Cell Technology | 106 | ||
| Neuroplasticity | 107 | ||
| Neurotechnology: Psychobiologic Tools | 107 | ||
| Neuroimaging | 107 | ||
| Ultrasonography | 107 | ||
| Computed Tomography Scanning | 109 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 109 | ||
| Functional MRI. | 109 | ||
| Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography | 109 | ||
| Psychiatric Nursing and Neurobiology | 109 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 110 | ||
| Review Questions | 111 | ||
| References | 111 | ||
| Online Resources | 112 | ||
| 7 Human Development Across the Life Span | 113 | ||
| Objectives | 113 | ||
| Key Terms | 113 | ||
| Developmental Theories | 114 | ||
| Child and Adolescent Development | 114 | ||
| Psychosexual Theory | 114 | ||
| Psychosocial Theory | 114 | ||
| Interpersonal Theory | 115 | ||
| Cognitive Theory | 116 | ||
| Attachment Theory | 117 | ||
| Behavioral Theories | 118 | ||
| Classical and Operant Conditioning | 118 | ||
| Social Learning Theory | 118 | ||
| Moral Development | 119 | ||
| Adult Development | 120 | ||
| Life Stage Theories | 120 | ||
| Human Motivation and Development Theory | 121 | ||
| Contemporary Theorists | 121 | ||
| Midlife Transitions | 123 | ||
| Role of Stress in Adult Development | 124 | ||
| Gender Differences in Adult Development | 124 | ||
| Positive Psychology and Aging | 124 | ||
| Adult Development in Later Life | 124 | ||
| Overview of the Older Adult Population | 124 | ||
| Demographics | 125 | ||
| Health Status | 125 | ||
| A Life Span Perspective of Aging | 125 | ||
| Biologic Theories of Aging | 126 | ||
| Genetic Theory. | 126 | ||
| Immunologic Theory. | 126 | ||
| Cross-Linkage Theory. | 126 | ||
| Free Radical Theory. | 127 | ||
| Sociologic Theories of Aging | 127 | ||
| Disengagement Theory. | 127 | ||
| Continuity Theory. | 127 | ||
| Activity Theory. | 127 | ||
| Newer Theories and Emerging Models of Aging | 128 | ||
| Process of Aging | 128 | ||
| Physiologic Aging | 128 | ||
| Nervous System. | 129 | ||
| Functional Assessment. | 129 | ||
| Activities of Daily Living (ADL). | 129 | ||
| Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). | 129 | ||
| Psychosocial Aging | 130 | ||
| Cognition and Memory. | 130 | ||
| Intelligence and Aging. | 130 | ||
| Memory Processes and Aging. | 130 | ||
| Other Cognitive Functions. | 131 | ||
| Personality. | 131 | ||
| Social Support and Interactions. | 131 | ||
| Sexuality and Intimacy. | 132 | ||
| Role Transitions. | 132 | ||
| Retirement. | 133 | ||
| Loss of a Spouse. | 133 | ||
| Grandparent Role. | 133 | ||
| Role Reversal. | 133 | ||
| Mental Assessment. | 133 | ||
| Human Development During the Twenty-First Century | 134 | ||
| Images of Aging | 134 | ||
| Cultural Impact | 135 | ||
| Refocusing on Healthy Aging | 135 | ||
| Refocusing on Learning and Aging | 136 | ||
| Refocusing on Creativity and Aging | 136 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 136 | ||
| Review Questions | 137 | ||
| References | 137 | ||
| 8 Culture, Ethnicity, and Spirituality | 140 | ||
| Objectives | 140 | ||
| Key Terms | 140 | ||
| The Many Faces of Culture | 140 | ||
| Cultural Heritage | 141 | ||
| Changing Trends | 141 | ||
| Subcultures | 142 | ||
| Cultural Diversity | 143 | ||
| Environmental Mixture of Cultures | 144 | ||
| Western Health Care System as Culture | 144 | ||
| Cultural Awareness | 145 | ||
| Culturally Competent Health Care | 145 | ||
| Transcultural Communication | 145 | ||
| High-Context and Low-Context Cultures. | 145 | ||
| Guidelines for Communicating with Non–English- Speaking Patients. | 147 | ||
| Personal Space. | 147 | ||
| Touch. | 147 | ||
| Time Orientation. | 148 | ||
| Biologic Characteristics. | 148 | ||
| Translation Services. | 148 | ||
| Spirituality | 148 | ||
| Spiritual Support | 149 | ||
| Intervention Tools | 150 | ||
| Spiritual Assessment | 150 | ||
| Vocation and Obligation | 151 | ||
| Experience | 151 | ||
| Courage and Growth | 151 | ||
| Ritual and Practice | 151 | ||
| Community | 151 | ||
| Authority and Guidance | 151 | ||
| Stages of Faith | 151 | ||
| Stages of Moral Development | 151 | ||
| Impartial Spirituality | 152 | ||
| Institutional Spirituality | 152 | ||
| Individual Spirituality | 152 | ||
| Integrated Spirituality | 152 | ||
| Selected Cases of Clinical Spiritual Interventions | 153 | ||
| Pain | 153 | ||
| Spiritual Torment | 153 | ||
| Punishment | 153 | ||
| Voices | 153 | ||
| Guilt | 153 | ||
| Hyperreligiosity | 153 | ||
| Selected Traditional and Cultural Mental Health Beliefs | 154 | ||
| Native American Communities | 154 | ||
| Asian and Pacific Islander Communities | 154 | ||
| Black American (African-American) Communities | 154 | ||
| Hispanic Communities | 155 | ||
| Arab-American Communities | 155 | ||
| Communities of European Origin | 155 | ||
| The Role of the Nurse | 156 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 159 | ||
| Assessment | 159 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 161 | ||
| Outcome Identification | 161 | ||
| Planning | 161 | ||
| Implementation | 162 | ||
| Evaluation | 162 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 162 | ||
| Review Questions | 164 | ||
| References | 164 | ||
| Online Resources | 165 | ||
| 9 Legal and Ethical Aspects in Clinical Practice | 166 | ||
| Objectives | 166 | ||
| Key Terms | 166 | ||
| Historic Review | 166 | ||
| Commitment | 167 | ||
| Voluntary Commitment | 168 | ||
| Emergency Commitment | 168 | ||
| Civil or Judicial Commitment | 168 | ||
| Psychiatric Advance Directives | 168 | ||
| Confidentiality | 168 | ||
| Nursing Implications | 169 | ||
| Privileged Communication | 169 | ||
| Duty to Warn and Protection: Tarasoff | 170 | ||
| III Psychiatric Disorders | 184 | ||
| 10 Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders | 184 | ||
| Objectives | 184 | ||
| Key Terms | 184 | ||
| Historic and Theoretic Perspectives | 186 | ||
| Anxiety in the Context of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing | 187 | ||
| Influence of Hildegard Peplau | 188 | ||
| Etiology | 188 | ||
| Biologic Model | 188 | ||
| Psychodynamic Model | 189 | ||
| Behavioral Model | 189 | ||
| Epidemiology and Age of Onset | 189 | ||
| Cultural Variance | 190 | ||
| Comorbidity (Co-occurrence) | 190 | ||
| Clinical Description | 191 | ||
| Panic | 191 | ||
| Panic Attack | 191 | ||
| Panic Disorder | 191 | ||
| Phobias | 191 | ||
| Agoraphobia | 191 | ||
| Specific Phobias | 192 | ||
| Social Phobia | 192 | ||
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 192 | ||
| Acute Stress Disorder | 193 | ||
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 193 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 193 | ||
| Prognosis | 194 | ||
| Discharge Criteria | 195 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 195 | ||
| Assessment | 195 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 196 | ||
| Outcome Identification | 196 | ||
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 196 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 197 | ||
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 197 | ||
| Planning | 197 | ||
| Implementation | 197 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 197 | ||
| Additional Treatment Modalities | 198 | ||
| Biologic Interventions | 198 | ||
| Pharmacologic Interventions. | 198 | ||
| Psychotherapy | 198 | ||
| Behavioral Therapy. | 198 | ||
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. | 198 | ||
| Psychologic First Aid. | 199 | ||
| Evaluation | 199 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 202 | ||
| Review Questions | 202 | ||
| References | 203 | ||
| Online Resources | 203 | ||
| 11 Somatoform, Factitious, and Dissociative Disorders | 204 | ||
| Objectives | 204 | ||
| Key Terms | 204 | ||
| Historic and Theoretic Perspectives | 204 | ||
| Etiology | 205 | ||
| Biologic Theory | 205 | ||
| Behavioral Theory | 205 | ||
| Cognitive Theory | 205 | ||
| Epidemiology | 205 | ||
| Clinical Description | 206 | ||
| Somatoform Disorders | 206 | ||
| Somatization Disorder | 206 | ||
| Pain Disorder | 207 | ||
| Conversion Disorder | 207 | ||
| Hypochondriasis | 207 | ||
| Body Dysmorphic Disorder | 208 | ||
| Factitious Disorder | 209 | ||
| Dissociative Disorders | 210 | ||
| Dissociative Amnesia | 210 | ||
| Dissociative Fugue | 210 | ||
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | 210 | ||
| Depersonalization Disorder | 210 | ||
| Prognosis | 210 | ||
| Discharge Criteria | 210 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 211 | ||
| Assessment | 211 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 211 | ||
| Outcome Identification | 211 | ||
| General Outcome Expectations | 211 | ||
| Somatization Disorder | 212 | ||
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | 212 | ||
| Planning | 212 | ||
| Implementation | 212 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 212 | ||
| Additional Treatment Modalities | 213 | ||
| Biologic Interventions | 213 | ||
| Pharmacologic Interventions. | 213 | ||
| Psychotherapy | 213 | ||
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. | 213 | ||
| Evaluation | 213 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 216 | ||
| Review Questions | 216 | ||
| References | 216 | ||
| Online Resources | 217 | ||
| 12 Mood Disorders: | 218 | ||
| Objectives | 218 | ||
| Key Terms | 218 | ||
| Mood Disorders | 218 | ||
| Etiology | 219 | ||
| Biologic Theories | 219 | ||
| Neurotransmission | 219 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Dysregulation | 220 | ||
| Genetic Transmission | 220 | ||
| Psychosocial Factors | 222 | ||
| Evolutionary Psychology and Biology | 222 | ||
| Psychodynamic Theory | 223 | ||
| Cognitive Theory | 223 | ||
| Learned Helplessness/Hopelessness Theory | 223 | ||
| Life Events and Stress Theory | 224 | ||
| Adjustment Disorders | 224 | ||
| Epidemiology | 225 | ||
| Children and Adolescents | 226 | ||
| Older Adults | 226 | ||
| Clinical Description | 227 | ||
| Types of Mood Disorders | 227 | ||
| Depressive Disorders | 227 | ||
| Major Depressive Episode, Single or Recurrent. | 227 | ||
| Emotional Symptoms. | 227 | ||
| Cognitive Symptoms. | 227 | ||
| Behavioral Symptoms. | 227 | ||
| Social Symptoms. | 227 | ||
| Dysthymic Disorder. | 229 | ||
| Emotional Symptoms. | 229 | ||
| Cognitive Symptoms. | 229 | ||
| Behavioral Symptoms. | 229 | ||
| Social Symptoms. | 229 | ||
| Depressive Disorders not Otherwise Specified. | 229 | ||
| Bipolar Disorders | 230 | ||
| Manic Episode. | 230 | ||
| Emotional Symptoms. | 230 | ||
| Cognitive Symptoms. | 230 | ||
| Behavioral Symptoms. | 230 | ||
| Social Symptoms. | 232 | ||
| Perceptual Symptoms. | 232 | ||
| Hypomanic Episode. | 232 | ||
| Cyclothymic Disorder. | 232 | ||
| Additional Types of Mood Disorders | 232 | ||
| Medical Conditions and Mood Disorders | 232 | ||
| Comorbidity | 233 | ||
| Additional Symptom Features of Mood Disorders | 234 | ||
| Adjustment Disorders | 234 | ||
| Prognosis for Mood Disorders | 235 | ||
| Discharge Criteria | 236 | ||
| Hospital Discharge Criteria | 236 | ||
| IV Crisis and Psychiatric Emergencies | 481 | ||
| 21 Crisis: | 481 | ||
| Objectives | 481 | ||
| Key Terms | 481 | ||
| Crisis | 481 | ||
| Description of Crisis | 481 | ||
| Opportunities that Result from Crisis | 482 | ||
| Historic and Theoretic Perspectives | 482 | ||
| Definitions of Crisis | 483 | ||
| Crisis Components | 483 | ||
| Risk Factors for Crisis | 484 | ||
| Types of Crises | 484 | ||
| External (Situational) Crises | 484 | ||
| Internal (Subjective) Crises | 484 | ||
| Phase-of-Life (Maturational) Crises | 484 | ||
| Disasters (Adventitious Crises) | 485 | ||
| Human Responses to Crisis | 485 | ||
| Psychological Stages after a Disaster. | 487 | ||
| Crisis Intervention | 487 | ||
| An Overview | 487 | ||
| Global Intervention | 487 | ||
| Crises Caused by Psychiatric Emergencies | 487 | ||
| Nursing Assessment during Crisis and Disaster | 488 | ||
| Models and Methods of Crisis Intervention | 489 | ||
| Robert’s Seven-Stage Model of Crisis Intervention. | 491 | ||
| Acute Traumatic Stress Management. | 491 | ||
| Crisis Intervention with Children and Families. | 491 | ||
| Planning and Executing Therapeutic Intervention | 492 | ||
| Nursing Approaches to Crisis Intervention | 492 | ||
| Children in Crisis | 492 | ||
| Physical Safety. | 492 | ||
| Psychologic Safety. | 492 | ||
| Reassurance. | 492 | ||
| Adults in Crisis | 492 | ||
| Resolution of the Crisis | 493 | ||
| The Summary | 493 | ||
| Open Connection | 493 | ||
| Anticipatory Planning | 493 | ||
| Barriers to Effective Crisis Intervention or Resolution | 494 | ||
| Failure to Learn from Experience | 494 | ||
| Existing Mental Disorders | 494 | ||
| Secondary Gain | 494 | ||
| Therapist-Patient Boundary Problems | 494 | ||
| Sociocultural Considerations | 494 | ||
| Demands on the Psychiatric Nurse Working in Crisis | 495 | ||
| Prevention Strategies | 496 | ||
| Technology and Future Trends in Crisis Intervention | 497 | ||
| Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth | 497 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 498 | ||
| Review Questions | 499 | ||
| References | 499 | ||
| Online Resources | 500 | ||
| 22 Suicide Prevention and Intervention | 502 | ||
| Objectives | 502 | ||
| Key Terms | 502 | ||
| Historic and Theoretic Perspectives | 503 | ||
| Sociologic Theory | 503 | ||
| Psychoanalytic Theory | 503 | ||
| Interpersonal Theory | 503 | ||
| Etiology | 503 | ||
| Biologic Factors | 504 | ||
| Psychologic Factors | 505 | ||
| Sociologic Factors | 505 | ||
| Epidemiology | 505 | ||
| Prevalence | 505 | ||
| Age | 505 | ||
| Older Adults. | 505 | ||
| Youth. | 506 | ||
| Gender and Ethnicity | 507 | ||
| Socioeconomic Status | 507 | ||
| Familial Influences | 507 | ||
| Co-occurrence with Related Health Issues | 507 | ||
| Psychiatric Disorders | 507 | ||
| Mood Disorders. | 507 | ||
| Schizophrenia. | 508 | ||
| Panic Disorder. | 508 | ||
| Borderline Personality Disorder. | 508 | ||
| Alcohol and Other Drugs | 508 | ||
| Medical Illnesses | 508 | ||
| Soldiers Returning From War in Iraq and Afghanistan | 509 | ||
| Erroneous Beliefs about Suicide | 509 | ||
| Clinical Description | 509 | ||
| Risk Factors for Suicide | 510 | ||
| Lethality Assessment Factors | 510 | ||
| Imminence versus Nonimminence | 510 | ||
| Ideation versus Intent | 512 | ||
| Chosen Method and Accessibility | 512 | ||
| Prognosis | 513 | ||
| Discharge Criteria | 513 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 514 | ||
| Assessment | 514 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 516 | ||
| Outcome Identification | 516 | ||
| Planning | 516 | ||
| Implementation | 517 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 517 | ||
| Additional Treatment Modalities | 519 | ||
| Evaluation | 519 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 520 | ||
| Review Questions | 520 | ||
| References | 522 | ||
| Online Resources | 523 | ||
| 23 Violence: | 524 | ||
| Objectives | 524 | ||
| Key Terms | 524 | ||
| Violence Within Families | 525 | ||
| Bullying Behavior | 525 | ||
| Developmental Aspects of the Family and its Structure | 526 | ||
| Family | 526 | ||
| The Dynamic Nature of Family Violence | 526 | ||
| Phase 1: Assault During Courtship and Marriage | 526 | ||
| Stalking | 527 | ||
| Violence and Pregnancy | 527 | ||
| Phase 2: Assault of Women and Children | 527 | ||
| Phase 3: Assault of the Elderly | 528 | ||
| Explanations of Family Violence | 528 | ||
| The Social and Cultural Perspective | 528 | ||
| Social Isolation | 529 | ||
| Generational Transmission of Violence | 529 | ||
| Developmental Traumatology: A Neurobiologic Perspective | 529 | ||
| Assaultive and Homicidal Behavior | 530 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 530 | ||
| Assessment | 530 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 532 | ||
| Outcome Identification | 532 | ||
| Planning | 532 | ||
| Implementation | 533 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 533 | ||
| Evaluation | 534 | ||
| Child Maltreatment | 534 | ||
| Emotional Effects of Trauma on Children and Adolescents | 534 | ||
| Physical Abuse | 535 | ||
| Psychologic Abuse | 535 | ||
| Sexual Abuse | 535 | ||
| Gaining Access to the Child | 536 | ||
| Pressure Situations | 536 | ||
| Forced Situations | 536 | ||
| Acts of Sexual Assault | 536 | ||
| Incest | 536 | ||
| Offenders | 536 | ||
| Characteristics of the Nonoffending Parent | 537 | ||
| Long-Term Consequences: Trauma Learning | 537 | ||
| Integration of Trauma: No Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 537 | ||
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 537 | ||
| Delayed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 537 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 537 | ||
| Assessment | 537 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 540 | ||
| Outcome Identification | 540 | ||
| Outcome Identification for Child Sexual Abuse | 540 | ||
| Planning | 540 | ||
| Implementation | 540 | ||
| Evaluation | 541 | ||
| Elder Abuse | 542 | ||
| Types of Elder Abuse | 542 | ||
| Theories Of Elder Abuse | 542 | ||
| Elder Sexual Abuse | 542 | ||
| Difficulties with Recognizing Elder Trauma | 543 | ||
| Elder Abuse Offenders | 543 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 543 | ||
| Assessment | 543 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 544 | ||
| Outcome Identification | 544 | ||
| Outcome Identification for Elder Abuse | 545 | ||
| Planning | 545 | ||
| Implementation | 545 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 545 | ||
| Evaluation | 546 | ||
| Rape and Sexual Assault | 546 | ||
| Cultural Components of Rape and Sexual Assault | 546 | ||
| Cultural Values and Sexual Assault | 546 | ||
| Research Related to Rape and Culture | 546 | ||
| Adolescent Populations | 547 | ||
| Statutory Rape | 547 | ||
| Risk Factors | 547 | ||
| Drug Use | 548 | ||
| Prior Victimization | 548 | ||
| Dynamics of Rape | 548 | ||
| Motivation During Rape | 549 | ||
| Effects of Rape on the Victim | 549 | ||
| Trauma and the Limbic System | 549 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 550 | ||
| Review Questions | 550 | ||
| References | 551 | ||
| Online Resources | 552 | ||
| Child Abuse and Neglect | 552 | ||
| Elder Abuse | 552 | ||
| Woman Abuse | 552 | ||
| 24 Forensic Nursing | 553 | ||
| Objectives | 553 | ||
| Key Terms | 553 | ||
| The History of Forensic Nursing | 554 | ||
| Legislation | 554 | ||
| Violence Against Women Act | 554 | ||
| Education and Credentialing of the Forensic Nurse | 555 | ||
| Fact and Expert Witnesses | 555 | ||
| Specialty Areas and Practice within Forensic Nursing | 555 | ||
| Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners | 555 | ||
| Sexual Assault Statistics. | 556 | ||
| Initial Assessment. | 556 | ||
| Forensic Nurses and Clinical Nurse Specialists | 557 | ||
| Care of Weapon-Related Assault Victims | 557 | ||
| Weapon Assault Statistics. | 557 | ||
| Nursing Process for Weapon-Related Assault Victims | 557 | ||
| Assessment | 557 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 558 | ||
| Intervention | 558 | ||
| Evidence Collection in the Emergency Department | 558 | ||
| Outcome Identification | 558 | ||
| Care of Trauma Victims’ Families | 559 | ||
| Nursing Process in Traumatic Victims’ Family Care | 559 | ||
| Assessment | 559 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 559 | ||
| Intervention | 559 | ||
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Homicide Survivors | 559 | ||
| Forensic Psychiatric Nurses | 560 | ||
| Death Investigators and Nurse Coroners | 561 | ||
| Forensic Correctional Nurse | 561 | ||
| Clinical Practice in Correctional Settings | 561 | ||
| Statistics. | 561 | ||
| Forensic Risk | 562 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 563 | ||
| Review Questions | 563 | ||
| References | 563 | ||
| V Therapeutic Interventions | 565 | ||
| 25 Psychopharmacology | 565 | ||
| Objectives | 565 | ||
| Key Terms | 565 | ||
| Mode and Mechanism of Drug Action | 566 | ||
| Neurotransmitters | 566 | ||
| Acetylcholine | 566 | ||
| Dopamine | 566 | ||
| Serotonin | 566 | ||
| Glutamate | 566 | ||
| Psychotropic Pharmacotherapy Assessment | 566 | ||
| Variables That Affect Drug Therapy | 567 | ||
| Psychosis | 567 | ||
| Antipsychotic Medications | 567 | ||
| Indications | 568 | ||
| Goals of Therapy | 568 | ||
| Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion | 568 | ||
| Clinical Use and Efficacy | 568 | ||
| Drug Level Monitoring. | 569 | ||
| Treatment Therapy for Acute Episodes. | 569 | ||
| Adverse Effects of Antipsychotics: Nursing Management | 569 | ||
| Extrapyramidal Side Effects. | 569 | ||
| Dystonia. | 569 | ||
| Pseudoparkinsonism. | 569 | ||
| Akathisia. | 570 | ||
| Tardive Dyskinesia. | 570 | ||
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. | 570 | ||
| Drowsiness. | 571 | ||
| Anticholinergic Side Effects. | 571 | ||
| Cardiovascular Side Effects | 571 | ||
| Postural Hypotension. | 571 | ||
| Arrhythmias and Palpitations (Changes in Heart Rhythm). | 571 | ||
| Changes in QT Intervals. | 571 | ||
| Weight Gain. | 571 | ||
| Photosensitivity and Skin Changes. | 572 | ||
| Poikilothermia. | 572 | ||
| Galactorrhea and Gynecomastia. | 572 | ||
| Short-acting Typical (Conventional) Antipsychotics | 572 | ||
| Long-Acting Injectable Typical (Conventional) Antipsychotics | 572 | ||
| Fluphenazine Decanoate Injection. | 572 | ||
| Haloperidol Decanoate Injection. | 572 | ||
| Atypical Antipsychotics | 572 | ||
| Clozapine. | 573 | ||
| Mechanism of Action. | 573 | ||
| VI Nursing Interventions with Special Populations | 640 | ||
| 28 Grief: | 640 | ||
| Objectives | 640 | ||
| Key Terms | 640 | ||
| Responses to Grief and Bereavement | 642 | ||
| Physical Manifestations | 642 | ||
| Cognitive Manifestations | 642 | ||
| Behavioral and Relating Manifestations | 642 | ||
| Affective Manifestations | 643 | ||
| Guilt | 643 | ||
| Anger | 643 | ||
| The Stages and Process of Grief | 644 | ||
| Stages | 644 | ||
| Process | 644 | ||
| Characteristics | 644 | ||
| Grief Work | 644 | ||
| Tasks of Grief | 644 | ||
| Complicating Factors | 645 | ||
| Types of Grief | 646 | ||
| Anticipatory Grief | 646 | ||
| Acute Grief | 646 | ||
| Complicated Grief | 647 | ||
| Chronic Sorrow | 648 | ||
| Children and Adolescents in Grief | 648 | ||
| Grief and Depression | 648 | ||
| Bereavement Care | 648 | ||
| Before Loss | 648 | ||
| When Loss Is Impending | 649 | ||
| After the Loss | 649 | ||
| Spirituality and Grief | 649 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 650 | ||
| Assessment | 650 | ||
| Physical Disturbances | 650 | ||
| Cognitive Disturbances | 650 | ||
| Behavioral and Relating Disturbances | 650 | ||
| Affective Disturbances | 650 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 650 | ||
| Acute Grief | 651 | ||
| Complicated Grief | 651 | ||
| Chronic Sorrow | 651 | ||
| Other Nursing Diagnoses | 651 | ||
| Outcome Identification | 651 | ||
| Planning | 652 | ||
| Implementation | 652 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 652 | ||
| Collaborative Interventions | 653 | ||
| Problem-Oriented Grief Therapy | 653 | ||
| Grief Intervention During Childhood and Adolescence | 654 | ||
| Medications During Grief | 654 | ||
| Interventions for Complicated Grief | 654 | ||
| Evaluation | 656 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 657 | ||
| Review Questions | 658 | ||
| References | 658 | ||
| 29 Mental and Emotional Responses to Medical Illness | 660 | ||
| Objectives | 660 | ||
| Key Terms | 660 | ||
| Mental Aspects of Physiologic Illness | 661 | ||
| Theories of Illness or Disease: Biologic, Multicausal, and Psychosocial | 661 | ||
| General Adaptation Syndrome | 661 | ||
| Appraisal–Transaction Theory | 662 | ||
| Life Changes and Illness Theory | 663 | ||
| Stress, Organ Maladaptation, and Disease Theory | 663 | ||
| Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology | 663 | ||
| Coping Mechanisms | 663 | ||
| Acute Illness or Disease Responses | 664 | ||
| Chronic Illness or Disease Responses | 664 | ||
| Hiv and Aids | 665 | ||
| Cultural Considerations | 666 | ||
| Etiology of Psychologic Distress in Patients with Hiv/Aids | 666 | ||
| Biologic/Neuropsychiatric Factors | 667 | ||
| Psychosocial Factors | 668 | ||
| Clinical Description | 669 | ||
| Prognosis | 669 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 669 | ||
| Assessment | 669 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 670 | ||
| Outcome Identification | 670 | ||
| Planning | 671 | ||
| Implementation | 671 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 671 | ||
| Additional Treatment Modalities | 672 | ||
| Pharmacologic Intervention | 673 | ||
| Medical | 673 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 673 | ||
| Integrative Therapies | 673 | ||
| Evaluation | 674 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 674 | ||
| Review Questions | 675 | ||
| References | 675 | ||
| VII Nursing Interventions in the Home and Community | 677 | ||
| 30 Community Mental Health Nursing for Patients with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness | 677 | ||
| Objectives | 677 | ||
| Key Terms | 677 | ||
| Role of the Nurse | 678 | ||
| Historic Perspectives | 678 | ||
| Deinstitutionalization | 678 | ||
| Persons with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness | 679 | ||
| Psychotropic Medications | 679 | ||
| Legal Influences | 680 | ||
| Current Community Mental Health Treatment Systems | 680 | ||
| Community Mental Health Centers | 680 | ||
| Funding | 680 | ||
| Philosophy | 680 | ||
| Freedom of Choice | 681 | ||
| Continuity of Care | 681 | ||
| Cultural Considerations in Community Mental Health Nursing | 681 | ||
| Components of Community Mental Health Care | 682 | ||
| Community Mental Health Programs | 682 | ||
| Partial Hospitalization Programs | 682 | ||
| Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Skills Training Programs | 682 | ||
| Programs for Assertive Community Treatment | 683 | ||
| Clubhouse Model | 683 | ||
| Case Management | 684 | ||
| Levels of Assisted Living | 684 | ||
| Home Visits | 686 | ||
| Safety | 686 | ||
| The Homeless Mentally Ill Population | 688 | ||
| Violence and the Mentally Ill Population | 689 | ||
| Mentally Ill Persons in the Criminal Justice System | 690 | ||
| Mentally Ill Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 691 | ||
| Other Components of Community Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing | 691 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 696 | ||
| Review Questions | 696 | ||
| References | 697 | ||
| APPENDIX DSM-IV-TR Classification | e1 | ||
| Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence | e1 | ||
| Mental Retardation | e1 | ||
| Learning Disorders | e1 | ||
| Motor Skills Disorder | e1 | ||
| Communication Disorders | e1 | ||
| Pervasive Developmental Disorders | e1 | ||
| Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders | e1 | ||
| Feeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early Childhood | e1 | ||
| Tic Disorders | e1 | ||
| Elimination Disorders | e1 | ||
| Other Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence | e2 | ||
| Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders | e2 | ||
| Delirium | e2 | ||
| Dementia | e2 | ||
| Amnestic Disorders | e2 | ||
| Other Cognitive Disorders | e2 | ||
| Mental Disorders Due to A General Medical Condition Not Elsewhere Classified | e2 | ||
| Substance-Related Disorders | e2 | ||
| Alcohol-Related Disorders | e3 | ||
| Alcohol Use Disorders | e3 | ||
| Alcohol-Induced Disorders | e3 | ||
| Amphetamine (or Amphetamine-Like)–Related Disorders | e3 | ||
| Amphetamine Use Disorders | e3 | ||
| Amphetamine-Induced Disorders | e3 | ||
| Caffeine-Related Disorders | e3 | ||
| Caffeine-Induced Disorders | e3 | ||
| Cannabis-Related Disorders | e3 | ||
| Cannabis Use Disorders | e3 | ||
| Cannabis-Induced Disorders | e3 | ||
| Cocaine-Related Disorders | e3 | ||
| Cocaine Use Disorders | e3 | ||
| Cocaine-Induced Disorders | e3 | ||
| Hallucinogen-Related Disorders | e3 | ||
| Hallucinogen Use Disorders | e3 | ||
| Hallucinogen-Induced Disorders | e3 | ||
| Inhalant-Related Disorders | e3 | ||
| Inhalant Use Disorders | e3 | ||
| Inhalant-Induced Disorders | e3 | ||
| Nicotine-Related Disorders | e4 | ||
| Nicotine Use Disorder | e4 | ||
| Nicotine-Induced Disorder | e4 | ||
| Opioid-Related Disorders | e4 | ||
| Opioid Use Disorders | e4 | ||
| Opioid-Induced Disorders | e4 | ||
| Phencyclidine (or Phencyclidine-Like)– Related Disorders | e4 | ||
| Phencyclidine Use Disorders | e4 | ||
| Phencyclidine-Induced Disorders | e4 | ||
| Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorders | e4 | ||
| Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorders | e4 | ||
| Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Disorders | e4 | ||
| Polysubstance-Related Disorder | e4 | ||
| Other (or Unknown) Substance-Related Disorders | e4 | ||
| Other (or Unknown) Substance Use Disorders | e4 | ||
| Other (or Unknown) Substance-Induced Disorders | e4 | ||
| Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders | e5 | ||
| Mood Disorders | e5 | ||
| Depressive Disorders | e5 | ||
| Bipolar Disorders | e5 | ||
| Anxiety Disorders | e5 | ||
| Somatoform Disorders | e6 | ||
| Factitious Disorders | e6 | ||
| Dissociative Disorders | e6 | ||
| Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders | e6 | ||
| Sexual Dysfunctions | e6 | ||
| Sexual Desire Disorders | e6 | ||
| Sexual Arousal Disorders | e6 | ||
| Orgasmic Disorders | e6 | ||
| Sexual Pain Disorders | e6 | ||
| Sexual Dysfunction Due to a General Medical Condition | e6 | ||
| Paraphilias | e7 | ||
| Gender Identity Disorders | e7 | ||
| Eating Disorders | e7 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | e7 | ||
| Primary Sleep Disorders | e7 | ||
| Dyssomnias | e7 | ||
| Parasomnias | e7 | ||
| Sleep Disorders Related to Another Mental Disorder | e7 | ||
| Other Sleep Disorders | e7 | ||
| Impulse-Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified | e7 | ||
| Adjustment Disorders | e7 | ||
| Personality Disorders | e7 | ||
| Other Conditions That May be A Focus of Clinical Attention | e8 | ||
| Psychologic Factors Affecting Medical Condition | e8 | ||
| Medication-Induced Movement Disorders | e8 | ||
| Other Medication-Induced Disorder | e8 | ||
| Relational Problems | e8 | ||
| Problems Related to Abuse or Neglect | e8 | ||
| Additional Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention | e8 | ||
| Additional Codes | e8 | ||
| Multiaxial System | e8 | ||
| APPENDIX A Answers to Review Questions | 699 | ||
| Glossary | 701 | ||
| A | 701 | ||
| B | 701 | ||
| C | 702 | ||
| D | 703 | ||
| E | 703 | ||
| F | 704 | ||
| G | 704 | ||
| H | 704 | ||
| I | 704 | ||
| J | 705 | ||
| K | 705 | ||
| L | 705 | ||
| M | 705 | ||
| N | 705 | ||
| O | 706 | ||
| P | 706 | ||
| R | 707 | ||
| S | 707 | ||
| T | 709 | ||
| U | 709 | ||
| V | 709 | ||
| W | 709 | ||
| X | 709 | ||
| Index | 710 | ||
| A | 710 | ||
| B | 712 | ||
| C | 713 | ||
| D | 715 | ||
| E | 717 | ||
| F | 718 | ||
| G | 718 | ||
| H | 719 | ||
| I | 719 | ||
| J | 720 | ||
| K | 720 | ||
| L | 720 | ||
| M | 721 | ||
| N | 722 | ||
| O | 723 | ||
| P | 724 | ||
| Q | 726 | ||
| R | 726 | ||
| S | 726 | ||
| T | 730 | ||
| U | 730 | ||
| V | 730 | ||
| W | 731 | ||
| X | 731 | ||
| Y | 731 | ||
| Z | 731 | ||
| NANDA International-Approved Nursing Diagnoses | 732 | ||
| Inside back cover | ibc_i |