BOOK
Comprehensive Gynecology E-Book
Rogerio A. Lobo | David M Gershenson | Gretchen M Lentz | Fidel A Valea
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The primary gynecology text for over 25 years, Comprehensive Gynecology covers all of the key issues residents, specialists, primary care doctors, and other healthcare providers encounter in everyday practice. This 7th edition has been fully updated to include a wealth of new content, including current discussions of minimally invasive surgical approaches to gynecologic care, infertility issues and treatments, effectively managing menopausal patients, and more. Written in a clear, concise and evidence-based style, it offers the practical, in-depth coverage you need to remain at the forefront of your field.
- Grasp key information quickly and easily through clear writing, a clinical focus, and guidance on evidence-based techniques.
- Access state-of-the-art information on the latest applications in diagnostic and interventional ultrasound and other essential aspects of today's practice.
- Prepare for the challenges you may face with a legal chapter containing factual scenarios.
- New videos, 20 in all, address topics such as Pap Smear Techniques; Hysteroscopic Metroplasty; Endometriosis of the Bladder; and more.
- Explore important issues in infertility, such as egg freezing, cancer treatment, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
- Understand the latest research in menopause, how to effectively prescribe treatments, and the consideration of using hormones for prevention.
- A new chapter dedicated to in vitro fertilization keeps you current with today's recent advances.
- Updated Preoperative Care and Quality chapter represents the ongoing 'Enhanced Recovery after Surgery' care programs.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | ES1 | ||
| Comprehensive Gynecology | i | ||
| Comprehensive Gynecology | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| Contents | xi | ||
| I - BASIC SCIENCE | 1 | ||
| 1 - Fertilization and Embryogenesis: Meiosis, Fertilization, Implantation, Embryonic Development, Sexual Differentiation | 1 | ||
| OOCYTE AND MEIOSIS | 1 | ||
| FERTILIZATION AND EARLY CLEAVAGE | 3 | ||
| MORULA AND BLASTULA STAGE: EARLY DIFFERENTIATION | 6 | ||
| IMPLANTATION | 6 | ||
| DECIDUALIZATION | 9 | ||
| EMBRYO-ENDOMETRIAL COMMUNICATION | 9 | ||
| IMMUNOLOGY OF IMPLANTATION | 9 | ||
| EARLY ORGANOGENESIS IN THE EMBRYONIC PERIOD | 10 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM | 10 | ||
| RENAL DEVELOPMENT | 10 | ||
| BLADDER AND URETHRA | 11 | ||
| MOLECULAR BASIS OF SEX DIFFERENTIATION | 11 | ||
| GENITAL DEVELOPMENT | 13 | ||
| GENITAL DUCT SYSTEM | 13 | ||
| MALE GENITAL DUCTS | 13 | ||
| FEMALE GENITAL DUCTS | 14 | ||
| EXTERNAL GENITALIA | 16 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | 20 | ||
| 2 - Reproductive Genetics | 22 | ||
| GENETIC BASIS OF DISEASE | 22 | ||
| BUILDING BLOCKS OF GENETICS | 22 | ||
| MOLECULAR BUILDING BLOCKS | 22 | ||
| MITOSIS/MEIOSIS | 24 | ||
| GENOMIC VARIATION | 24 | ||
| Genetic Variation | 24 | ||
| Epigenetic Variation | 24 | ||
| GENETIC PATHOLOGY | 24 | ||
| SINGLE GENE DISORDERS | 25 | ||
| Mendelian Inheritance Patterns | 25 | ||
| Autosomal Dominant | 25 | ||
| Autosomal Recessive | 26 | ||
| X-linked Trait | 26 | ||
| X-linked Dominant Inheritance | 27 | ||
| Fragile X Syndrome | 28 | ||
| Genomic Imprinting and Uniparental Disomy | 28 | ||
| Germline Mosaicism | 29 | ||
| Mitochondrial Inheritance: Maternal Inheritance | 29 | ||
| Multifactorial Inheritance | 29 | ||
| CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES | 30 | ||
| Numerical Chromosomal Abnormalities | 30 | ||
| Structural Chromosome Abnormalities | 33 | ||
| Balanced Reciprocal Translocations | 33 | ||
| Microdeletion/Duplication or Contiguous Gene Syndromes | 35 | ||
| CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME | 35 | ||
| PERINATAL GENETICS | 35 | ||
| GENETIC TESTING | 35 | ||
| Genetic Counseling and Risk Assessment | 36 | ||
| Biochemical and Sonographic Screening | 37 | ||
| Cell-Free DNA Analysis Noninvasive Prenatal Testing | 37 | ||
| Chromosomal Microarray | 40 | ||
| Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Preimplantation Genetic Screening | 42 | ||
| Sequencing | 42 | ||
| GENETICS OF REPRODUCTIVE MALIGNANCIES | 43 | ||
| CANCER GENOME SEQUENCING | 45 | ||
| ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF GENETIC DIAGNOSIS | 45 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | 46 | ||
| 3 - Reproductive Anatomy: Gross and Microscopic, Clinical Correlations | 48 | ||
| EXTERNAL GENITALIA | 48 | ||
| MONS PUBIS | 48 | ||
| LABIA MAJORA | 48 | ||
| LABIA MINORA | 48 | ||
| HYMEN | 49 | ||
| CLITORIS | 49 | ||
| VESTIBULE | 49 | ||
| URETHRA | 49 | ||
| SKENE GLANDS | 50 | ||
| BARTHOLIN GLANDS | 50 | ||
| VESTIBULAR BULBS | 50 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 50 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 52 | ||
| CERVIX | 53 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 55 | ||
| UTERUS | 55 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 57 | ||
| OVIDUCTS | 58 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 60 | ||
| OVARIES | 60 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 61 | ||
| VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE PELVIS | 62 | ||
| Ovarian Artery | 62 | ||
| Common Iliac Artery | 62 | ||
| Hypogastric Artery (Internal Iliac Artery) | 62 | ||
| Uterine Artery | 63 | ||
| VAGINAL ARTERY | 63 | ||
| Internal Pudendal Artery | 63 | ||
| VEINS | 63 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 63 | ||
| LYMPHATIC SYSTEM | 64 | ||
| EXTERNAL ILIAC NODES | 64 | ||
| INTERNAL ILIAC NODES | 64 | ||
| COMMON ILIAC NODES | 64 | ||
| INFERIOR GLUTEAL NODES | 65 | ||
| SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NODES | 65 | ||
| SACRAL NODES | 65 | ||
| SUBAORTIC NODES | 65 | ||
| AORTIC NODES | 65 | ||
| RECTAL NODES | 65 | ||
| PARAUTERINE NODES | 65 | ||
| SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL NODES | 66 | ||
| DEEP FEMORAL NODES | 66 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 66 | ||
| INNERVATION OF THE PELVIS | 66 | ||
| INTERNAL GENITALIA | 66 | ||
| EXTERNAL GENITALIA | 67 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 68 | ||
| DIAPHRAGMS AND LIGAMENTS | 68 | ||
| PELVIC DIAPHRAGM | 68 | ||
| UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM | 69 | ||
| LIGAMENTS | 69 | ||
| Broad Ligaments | 69 | ||
| Cardinal Ligaments | 69 | ||
| Uterosacral Ligaments | 70 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 70 | ||
| NONGENITAL PELVIC ORGANS | 71 | ||
| URETERS | 71 | ||
| URINARY BLADDER | 73 | ||
| RECTUM | 73 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 74 | ||
| OTHER STRUCTURES | 74 | ||
| CUL-DE-SAC OF DOUGLAS | 74 | ||
| PARAMETRIA | 74 | ||
| PARAVESICAL AND PARARECTAL SPACES | 74 | ||
| CLINICAL CORRELATIONS | 75 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 75 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | 76 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 76.e1 | ||
| 4 - Reproductive Endocrinology: Neuroendocrinology, Gonadotropins, Sex Steroids, Prostaglandins, Ovulation, Menstruation, Hormone Assay | 77 | ||
| HYPOTHALAMUS AND GnRH | 77 | ||
| ANATOMY | 77 | ||
| Relationship of the Olfactory and GnRH Systems in Early Fetal Life | 77 | ||
| GnRH Neuronal System | 77 | ||
| Transport of GnRH to the Anterior Pituitary | 78 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY | 78 | ||
| GnRH Pulse Generator | 78 | ||
| Mechanisms Responsible for GnRH Pulsatility | 78 | ||
| Modulatory Influences on GnRH Pulsatility | 80 | ||
| Metabolic Influences and GnRH Release | 81 | ||
| ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND AND THE GONADOTROPINS | 82 | ||
| ANATOMY | 82 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY | 82 | ||
| GnRH Receptor | 82 | ||
| Gonadotropins | 84 | ||
| OVARIES | 84 | ||
| ANATOMY | 84 | ||
| Ovarian Gametogenesis (Oogenesis) | 84 | ||
| Ovarian Folliculogenesis | 84 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY | 85 | ||
| Gonadotropin Receptors | 85 | ||
| Ovarian Steroids: Biosynthesis | 85 | ||
| Aromatase Enzyme | 87 | ||
| Ovarian Steroids: Blood Transport and Metabolism | 89 | ||
| Prostaglandins | 89 | ||
| COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-OVARIAN ENDOCRINE AXIS | 89 | ||
| STEROID RECEPTORS | 89 | ||
| OVARIAN-HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARYFEEDBACK LOOPS | 91 | ||
| Negative Steroid Feedback Loop | 91 | ||
| Positive Estradiol Feedback Loop | 92 | ||
| Ovarian Peptides Feedback Loops | 92 | ||
| FOLLICULAR PHASE | 94 | ||
| Recruitment of a Cohort of Antral Follicles | 94 | ||
| Selection of a Dominant Follicle | 94 | ||
| Growth of the Dominant Follicle: The MaturingSecondary or Antral Follicle | 95 | ||
| LUTEAL PHASE | 99 | ||
| Endocrine Factors and the Corpus Luteum | 100 | ||
| Corpus Luteum Regression (Luteolysis) | 100 | ||
| LUTEAL-FOLLICULAR TRANSITION | 100 | ||
| MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND THE ENDOMETRIUM | 100 | ||
| ENDOMETRIUM IN THE PROLIFERATIVE(FOLLICULAR) PHASE | 101 | ||
| ENDOMETRIUM IN THE SECRETORY(LUTEAL) PHASE | 101 | ||
| MENSTRUATION | 103 | ||
| MENSTRUAL CYCLE ANDTHE CERVICAL GLANDS | 104 | ||
| HORMONE ASSAY TECHNIQUES | 104 | ||
| IMMUNOASSAYS | 104 | ||
| Preparation of Antibodies | 105 | ||
| Choice of Assay Markers | 105 | ||
| Separation of Bound and Unbound Antigen | 105 | ||
| Immunoassay Reaction | 105 | ||
| Standard Curve | 105 | ||
| ASSAY EVALUATION | 106 | ||
| MASS SPECTROMETRY ASSAYS | 106 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | 107 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 107.e1 | ||
| 5 - Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology | 108 | ||
| INTRODUCTION TO EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE | 108 | ||
| TRADITIONAL CLINICAL STUDY DESIGN | 109 | ||
| OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES | 109 | ||
| Case Reports and Case Series | 109 | ||
| Cross-Sectional Studies | 110 | ||
| Case-Control Studies | 110 | ||
| Cohort Studies | 111 | ||
| EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES: RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS | 111 | ||
| STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION | 112 | ||
| COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH | 113 | ||
| META-ANALYSES, SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS, AND EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT | 114 | ||
| PRAGMATIC CLINICAL TRIALS | 115 | ||
| PATIENT-CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH INSTITUTE | 115 | ||
| HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH | 116 | ||
| DATA REGISTRY STUDIES | 116 | ||
| QUALITY IMPROVEMENT | 116 | ||
| COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS | 117 | ||
| NEW HORIZONS: VALUE IN HEALTH CARE | 117 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 117 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | 118 | ||
| 6 - Medical-Legal Risk Management | 119 | ||
| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE | 120 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE AND THE COURTS | 120 | ||
| PRACTICAL INSIGHT | 121 | ||
| COMMUNICATION WITH THE PATIENT | 121 | ||
| POOR OUTCOME | 121 | ||
| CANCELLATIONS AND “NO SHOWS” | 121 | ||
| COVERAGE ARRANGEMENTS | 121 | ||
| MEDICATION ERRORS | 122 | ||
| Practical Tip | 122 | ||
| COMMUNICATION THROUGH MEDICAL RECORDS | 122 | ||
| ALTERATION OF RECORDS | 122 | ||
| COMMUNICATION CONSISTENT WITH INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES | 123 | ||
| WHEN A CLAIM IS MADE | 124 | ||
| FRAUD AND ABUSE | 124 | ||
| Practical Tip | 124 | ||
| LABORATORY TESTS | 125 | ||
| Practical Tip | 125 | ||
| CAP STRATEGY | 125 | ||
| COMMUNICATION | 125 | ||
| ANTICIPATION | 126 | ||
| PREPARATION | 126 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 126 | ||
| II - COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF THE FEMALE | 129 | ||
| 7 - History, Physical Examination, and Preventive Health Care | 129 | ||
| DIRECT OBSERVATIONS BEFORE SPEAKING TO THE PATIENT (NONVERBAL CLUES) | 129 | ||
| ESSENCE OF THE GYNECOLOGIC HISTORY | 129 | ||
| CHIEF COMPLAINT | 129 | ||
| HISTORY OF THE PRESENT ILLNESS (HPI) | 129 | ||
| PERTINENT GYNECOLOGIC HISTORY | 130 | ||
| GENERAL HEALTH HISTORY | 131 | ||
| FAMILY HISTORY | 131 | ||
| Occupational and Social History | 132 | ||
| SAFETY ISSUES | 132 | ||
| NUTRITIONAL AND DIETARY ASSESSMENT | 132 | ||
| REVIEW OF SYSTEMS | 132 | ||
| ESSENCE OF THE ANNUAL EXAMINATION | 132 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 132 | ||
| BREAST EXAM | 133 | ||
| ABDOMINAL EXAM | 133 | ||
| PELVIC EXAMINATION | 134 | ||
| INSPECTION | 134 | ||
| PALPATION | 135 | ||
| SPECULUM EXAMINATION | 136 | ||
| PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR | 137 | ||
| BIMANUAL EXAMINATION | 138 | ||
| RECTOVAGINAL EXAMINATION | 139 | ||
| RECTAL EXAMINATION | 139 | ||
| ANNUAL VISIT | 139 | ||
| SPECIAL POPULATIONS | 142 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | 143 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 143.e1 | ||
| 8 - Interaction of Medical Diseases and Female Physiology | 144 | ||
| PULMONARY DISEASE | 144 | ||
| IMMUNE AND ALLERGIC DISEASE | 145 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE | 146 | ||
| VASCULAR AND HYPERTENSIVE DISEASES | 147 | ||
| Renal Disease | 148 | ||
| HEMATOLOGIC AND THROMBOTIC DISEASES | 148 | ||
| ENDOCRINE DISEASE | 148 | ||
| III - GENERAL GYNECOLOGY | 205 | ||
| 11 - Congenital Abnormalities of the Female Reproductive Tract: Anomalies of the Vagina, Cervix, Uterus, and Adnexa | 205 | ||
| AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA | 205 | ||
| PERINEAL AND HYMENAL ANOMALIES | 206 | ||
| Clitoral Anomalies | 206 | ||
| Labial Fusion | 208 | ||
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | 208 | ||
| Hymenal Anomalies | 209 | ||
| Müllerian Anomalies | 210 | ||
| Embryology | 210 | ||
| Anomalies of Müllerian Duct Development | 211 | ||
| Vaginal Agenesis | 211 | ||
| Androgen Insensitivity | 212 | ||
| Treatment of Vaginal Agenesis | 212 | ||
| Transverse Vaginal Septum | 212 | ||
| Vaginal Adenosis | 213 | ||
| ABNORMALITIES OF THE CERVIX | 213 | ||
| ABNORMALITIES OF THE UTERUS | 213 | ||
| Imaging | 213 | ||
| Symptoms and Signs | 214 | ||
| Diagnosis | 216 | ||
| Management | 216 | ||
| OVARIAN ABNORMALITIES | 217 | ||
| Accessory Ovary and Supernumerary Ovary | 217 | ||
| REFERENCES | 217 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 218.e1 | ||
| 12 - Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: Gynecologic Examination, Infections, Trauma, Pelvic Mass, Precocious Puberty | 219 | ||
| GYNECOLOGIC VISIT AND EXAMINATIONOF A CHILD | 219 | ||
| GENERAL APPROACH | 219 | ||
| PERFORMANCE OF THE GYNECOLOGIC EXAM IN A CHILD | 219 | ||
| NORMAL FINDINGS: HYMEN AND VAGINA OF A PREPUBERTAL CHILD | 220 | ||
| THE OFFICE VISIT AND EXAMINATION OF THE ADOLESCENT FEMALE | 222 | ||
| IV - GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY | 635 | ||
| 27 - Principles of Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy in Gynecologic Cancer:: Basic Principles, Uses, and Complications | 635 | ||
| BASIC RADIATION PHYSICS | 636 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC RADIATION PRODUCTION | 637 | ||
| RADIATION TREATMENT: BRACHYTHERAPY AND TELETHERAPY | 641 | ||
| Tissue Tolerance and Radiation Complications | 642 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY | 645 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES | 646 | ||
| APPROACHES TO TREATMENT | 646 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS | 647 | ||
| Platinum Analogues | 647 | ||
| Taxanes | 648 | ||
| Antitumor Antibiotics | 648 | ||
| Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitors | 650 | ||
| Topotecan | 650 | ||
| Etoposide | 650 | ||
| Alkylating Agents | 650 | ||
| Antimetabolites | 650 | ||
| Vinca Alkaloids | 651 | ||
| Altretamine | 651 | ||
| Biologic and Targeted Agents | 651 | ||
| Bevacizumab | 651 | ||
| Targeted Agents | 651 | ||
| Anticancer Hormone Therapy | 652 | ||
| DRUG RESISTANCE | 652 | ||
| EVALUATION OF NEW AGENTS | 652 | ||
| 28 - Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Lower Genital Tract (Cervix, Vagina, Vulva): Etiology, Screening, Diagnosis, Management | 655 | ||
| ETIOLOGY: THE HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS | 655 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 655 | ||
| PRIMARY PREVENTION: HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION | 656 | ||
| PRIMARY HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TESTING | 656 | ||
| CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINES | 657 | ||
| CERVICAL CYTOLOGY REPORTING: THE BETHESDA SYSTEM | 657 | ||
| ATYPICAL SQUAMOUS CELLS | 657 | ||
| LOW-GRADE SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESION | 658 | ||
| HIGH-GRADE SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESION | 658 | ||
| ATYPICAL GLANDULAR CELLS | 658 | ||
| COLPOSCOPY | 658 | ||
| CERVICAL DYSPLASIA IN PREGNANCY | 659 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY OF CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA | 659 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL DYSPLASIA | 660 | ||
| CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA 1 | 660 | ||
| Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1 with Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Cytology | 660 | ||
| Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1 with High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Cytology | 660 | ||
| CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA 2/3 | 661 | ||
| TREATMENT OF CERVICAL DYSPLASIA | 661 | ||
| Ablative Methods | 662 | ||
| Cryotherapy | 662 | ||
| CO2 Laser Ablation | 662 | ||
| Excisional Methods | 662 | ||
| Loop Electrosurgical Excision | 662 | ||
| Cold Knife Conization | 662 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP AFTER TREATMENT OF CERVICAL DYSPLASIA | 662 | ||
| CERVICAL CANCER PREVENTION IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES | 663 | ||
| VAGINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA | 663 | ||
| VULVAR INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA | 663 | ||
| 29 - Malignant Diseases of the Cervix: Microinvasive and Invasive Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Management | 666 | ||
| HISTOLOGIC TYPES | 666 | ||
| STAGING | 669 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY AND SPREAD | 669 | ||
| PROGNOSTIC FACTORS | 670 | ||
| Treatment for Stage I | 672 | ||
| Stage IB | 673 | ||
| Operative Therapy: Radical Hysterectomy and Pelvic Node Dissection | 673 | ||
| Fertility-Sparing Surgery | 675 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Surgery | 675 | ||
| Sentinel Node Biopsy | 675 | ||
| Surgical Complications | 675 | ||
| Outcomes After Surgical Treatment | 676 | ||
| Radiation Treatment | 676 | ||
| Outcomes | 677 | ||
| Chemoradiation | 677 | ||
| Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy | 678 | ||
| Para aortic Node Involvement | 678 | ||
| Radiation Complications | 678 | ||
| Carcinoma of the Cervix Inadvertently Removed at Simple Hysterectomy | 679 | ||
| Carcinoma of the Cervix in Pregnancy | 679 | ||
| RECURRENCE | 680 | ||
| PELVIC RECURRENCE | 680 | ||
| Pelvic Exenteration | 681 | ||
| NONPELVIC RECURRENCE | 681 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY AS TREATMENT FOR RECURRENCE | 681 | ||
| 30 - Neoplastic Diseases of the Vulva: Lichen Sclerosus, Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Paget Disease, and Carcinoma | 685 | ||
| Carcinoma in Situ (Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia III) | 687 | ||
| Paget Disease | 687 | ||
| Diagnostic Methods | 687 | ||
| Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia | 691 | ||
| Human Papillomavirus Therapy | 692 | ||
| Paget Disease of the Vulva | 693 | ||
| Morphology and Staging | 693 | ||
| Natural History, Spread, and Prognostic Factors | 694 | ||
| INVASIVE CARCINOMA OF THE VULVA | 697 | ||
| ADVANCED VULVAR TUMORS | 698 | ||
| Radiation Therapy and Recurrences | 699 | ||
| Quality of Life and Vulvar Carcinoma | 699 | ||
| Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy | 699 | ||
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | 700 | ||
| Verrucous Carcinoma | 700 | ||
| Melanoma | 700 | ||
| Sarcoma | 701 | ||
| Granular Cell Myoblastomas | 701 | ||
| 31 - Malignant Diseases of the Vagina: Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Carcinoma, Sarcoma | 704 | ||
| TREATMENT | 706 | ||
| Treatment | 707 | ||
| Survival | 709 | ||
| CLEAR CELL ADENOCARCINOMA | 709 | ||
| MALIGNANT MELANOMA | 711 | ||
| VAGINAL ADENOCARCINOMAS ARISING IN ENDOMETRIOSIS | 711 | ||
| SARCOMA BOTRYOIDES (EMBRYONAL RHABDOMYOSARCOMA) | 711 | ||
| PSEUDOSARCOMA BOTRYOIDES | 712 | ||
| 32 - Neoplastic Diseases of the Uterus: Endometrial Hyperplasia, Endometrial Carcinoma, Sarcoma: Diagnosis and Management | 714 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 714 | ||
| ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA | 716 | ||
| SIMPLE HYPERPLASIA | 716 | ||
| COMPLEX HYPERPLASIA (WITHOUT ATYPIA) | 716 | ||
| COMPLEX ATYPICAL HYPERPLASIA | 716 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY | 716 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND ENDOMETRIAL SAMPLING | 717 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 718 | ||
| HISTOLOGIC TYPES | 718 | ||
| STAGING | 721 | ||
| PROGNOSTIC FACTORS | 721 | ||
| CLINICAL FACTORS | 721 | ||
| PATHOLOGIC FACTORS | 721 | ||
| Patterns of Spread of Endometrial Carcinoma | 723 | ||
| EVALUATION | 723 | ||
| Stage I, Grade 1 | 725 | ||
| Stage I, Grades 2 and 3 | 725 | ||
| Stage II | 725 | ||
| Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Early Stage Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer | 726 | ||
| Stage I or II Uterine Serous Carcinoma | 726 | ||
| Management of Stage III/IV or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer | 726 | ||
| Chemotherapy for Advanced and Recurrent Uterine Serous Carcinoma | 727 | ||
| Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators and Aromatase Inhibitors | 728 | ||
| TARGETED THERAPY | 728 | ||
| SARCOMAS | 728 | ||
| LEIOMYOSARCOMA | 729 | ||
| ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL SARCOMA | 730 | ||
| UNDIFFERENTIATED SARCOMAS | 730 | ||
| CARCINOSARCOMA (MALIGNANT MIXED MÜLLERIAN TUMORS) | 730 | ||
| MÜLLERIAN ADENOSARCOMA | 731 | ||
| 33 - Neoplastic Diseases of the Ovary: Screening, Benign and Malignant Epithelial and Germ Cell Neoplasms, Sex-Cord Stromal Tumors | 733 | ||
| FAMILIAL OVARIAN CANCER | 734 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF OVARIAN NEOPLASMS | 735 | ||
| EPITHELIAL OVARIAN NEOPLASMS | 735 | ||
| BENIGN EPITHELIAL OVARIAN TUMORS: THE ADNEXAL MASS | 738 | ||
| Adnexal Mass and Ovarian Cancer | 739 | ||
| Evaluation of the Adnexal Mass | 739 | ||
| Ovarian Cancer Screening | 740 | ||
| Nonmalignant Neoplasms | 742 | ||
| Invasive Epithelial Carcinomas | 749 | ||
| Rupture of Ovary | 750 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Surgical Staging of Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer | 750 | ||
| Adequacy of Minimally Invasive Surgery Compared with Laparotomy for Staging of Ovarian Neoplasms | 750 | ||
| Stage II | 751 | ||
| Postoperative Management for Stages I and II | 751 | ||
| Primary Cytoreductive Surgery | 752 | ||
| Role of Laparoscopy in Assessing Resectability to R0 in Advanced Ovarian Cancer | 753 | ||
| Utility of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy | 753 | ||
| Diaphragmatic Stripping or Resection | 753 | ||
| Splenectomy | 753 | ||
| Hepatic Resection | 753 | ||
| Bowel Resection | 754 | ||
| Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy | 754 | ||
| Postoperative Therapy for Advanced Epithelial Carcinomas (Stages III and IV) | 754 | ||
| Alterations in Frontline Treatment Strategies | 755 | ||
| Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy | 755 | ||
| Interval Cytoreduction | 756 | ||
| Additions to the Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Backbone | 756 | ||
| Intraperitoneal Therapy | 757 | ||
| Dose-Dense Chemotherapy | 758 | ||
| Evaluation of Chemotherapy Results | 758 | ||
| Second-Look Procedures | 759 | ||
| Maintenance Therapy | 759 | ||
| Cancer Antigen125 Surveillance after Primary Therapy | 759 | ||
| Recurrent Ovarian Cancer Management | 760 | ||
| Platinum-Refractory Disease | 760 | ||
| Platinum-Resistant Disease | 760 | ||
| Platinum-Sensitive Disease | 761 | ||
| Secondary Cytoreduction | 761 | ||
| Targeted Therapy | 763 | ||
| Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors | 764 | ||
| Malignant Bowel Obstruction | 765 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 766 | ||
| Gene Therapy | 766 | ||
| Chemotherapy Sensitivity Assays | 766 | ||
| Radiation Therapy | 767 | ||
| Summary | 767 | ||
| LOW-GRADE SEROUS CARCINOMA | 768 | ||
| MUCINOUS CARCINOMA | 768 | ||
| SMALL CELL CARCINOMA | 768 | ||
| CARCINOSARCOMA | 768 | ||
| GERM CELL TUMORS | 769 | ||
| TERATOMAS | 769 | ||
| Benign Cystic Teratomas (Dermoids) | 769 | ||
| Immature Teratomas | 770 | ||
| Dysgerminomas | 770 | ||
| Yolk Sac Tumors (Endodermal Sinus Tumors) | 771 | ||
| Choriocarcinomas | 771 | ||
| Embryonal Carcinomas | 771 | ||
| Polyembryomas | 771 | ||
| Mixed Germ Cell Tumors | 771 | ||
| TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GERM CELL TUMORS | 771 | ||
| SPECIALIZED GERM CELL TUMORS: STRUMA OVARII AND CARCINOIDS | 774 | ||
| GONADOBLASTOMAS (GERM CELL SEX CORD–STROMAL TUMORS) | 774 | ||
| SEX CORD–STROMAL TUMORS | 774 | ||
| GRANULOSA–THECA CELL TUMORS | 775 | ||
| THECOMAS AND FIBROMAS | 776 | ||
| SERTOLI-LEYDIG CELL TUMORS (ANDROBLASTOMAS) | 776 | ||
| Sex Cord Tumors with Annular Tubules | 776 | ||
| Leydig Cell and Hilus Cell Tumors | 776 | ||
| LIPID (LIPOID) TUMORS | 777 | ||
| METASTATIC OVARIAN TUMORS | 777 | ||
| 34 - Fallopian Tube and Peritoneal Carcinoma | 781 | ||
| PERITONEAL CARCINOMA | 781 | ||
| SEROUS TUBAL INTRAEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA | 781 | ||
| PERITONEAL CANCER | 782 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 782 | ||
| ULTRASOUND | 782 | ||
| OTHER IMAGING MODALITIES | 782 | ||
| CA-125 LEVEL | 782 | ||
| STAGING | 782 | ||
| PERITONEAL CARCINOMA | 784 | ||
| TREATMENT | 784 | ||
| SURGERY | 784 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY | 784 | ||
| RADIATION THERAPY | 785 | ||
| SURVEILLANCE | 785 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 785 | ||
| 35 - Gestational Trophoblastic Disease: Hydatidiform Mole, Nonmetastatic and Metastatic Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor: Diagnosis and Management | 787 | ||
| Reproductive History | 788 | ||
| Diet | 788 | ||
| Genetics | 788 | ||
| HISTOPATHOLOGY AND CYTOGENETIC FEATURES | 788 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 790 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 790 | ||
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin | 791 | ||
| TREATMENT | 791 | ||
| Suction Dilation and Curettage | 791 | ||
| Hysterectomy | 791 | ||
| Prophylactic Chemotherapy | 791 | ||
| Surveillance Following Hydatidiform Mole Evacuation | 791 | ||
| Phantom β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin | 793 | ||
| Quiescent Gestational Trophoblastic Disease | 793 | ||
| GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC NEOPLASIA | 793 | ||
| Clinical Features | 793 | ||
| Locally Invasive Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia | 794 | ||
| Malignant Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia | 794 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION AND STAGING | 794 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 795 | ||
| High-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia | 796 | ||
| Pulmonary Metastases | 797 | ||
| Liver Metastases | 797 | ||
| Vaginal Metastases | 797 | ||
| TREATMENT OF PLACENTAL SITE TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR AND EPITHELIOID TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR | 797 | ||
| SURVEILLANCE FOLLOWING GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC NEOPLASIA | 798 | ||
| RECURRENCE | 798 | ||
| PREGNANCY FOLLOWING GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC NEOPLASIA | 798 | ||
| PSYCHOSOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS | 798 | ||
| 36 - Molecular Oncology in Gynecologic Cancer: Immunologic Response, Cytokines, Oncogenes, and Tumor Suppressor Genes | 801 | ||
| IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSE | 801 | ||
| INNATE IMMUNITY | 801 | ||
| Cellular Immunity: T Cells | 803 | ||
| CYTOKINES | 804 | ||
| Chemokines | 804 | ||
| Interferons | 804 | ||
| Cytokines That Mediate Adaptive Immunity | 804 | ||
| TUMOR CELL KILLING AND IMMUNOTHERAPY | 805 | ||
| MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY | 806 | ||
| ONCOGENES | 806 | ||
| Angiogenesis and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor | 806 | ||
| Ephrin Family of Ligands and Receptors | 807 | ||
| Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway | 807 | ||
| Tumor Suppressor Genes | 807 | ||
| BRCA1 and BRCA2 | 808 | ||
| DNA Mismatch Repair Genes | 808 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 809 | ||
| GYNECOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES | 809 | ||
| Endometrial Cancer and Oncogenes | 810 | ||
| Immunotherapy and Endometrial Cancer | 810 | ||
| Oncogenes and Ovarian Cancer | 811 | ||
| Immunotherapy and Ovarian Cancer | 811 | ||
| CERVICAL CANCER: ONCOGENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES, AND IMMUNOTHERAPY | 811 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 812 | ||
| V - REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND INFERTILITY | 815 | ||
| 37 - Primary and Secondary Dysmenorrhea, Premenstrual Syndrome, and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Etiology, Diagnosis, Management | 815 | ||
| DYSMENORRHEA | 815 | ||
| INCIDENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY | 815 | ||
| RELATIONSHIP TO MENSTRUATION AND THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE | 815 | ||
| FAMILY HISTORY | 815 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 816 | ||
| TREATMENT | 816 | ||
| Heat | 816 | ||
| BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS | 816 | ||
| VITAMINS AND DIET | 816 | ||
| MEDICATIONS | 817 | ||
| Progestin-Only Formulations | 818 | ||
| Tocolytics | 818 | ||
| OTHER TREATMENTS | 818 | ||
| SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA: CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT | 818 | ||
| CERVICAL STENOSIS | 819 | ||
| Adenomyosis | 820 | ||
| PELVIC INFLAMMATION | 820 | ||
| PELVIC CONGESTION SYNDROME AND PELVIC VENOUS SYNDROMES | 820 | ||
| MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS | 820 | ||
| RELATION TO FUNCTIONAL BOWEL DISEASE | 820 | ||
| OTHER CAUSES | 821 | ||
| PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AND PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER | 821 | ||
| INCIDENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY | 821 | ||
| SYMPTOMS | 822 | ||
| CAUSES | 822 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 824 | ||
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | 825 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs | 826 | ||
| Diuretics | 826 | ||
| Bromocriptine | 826 | ||
| Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists | 826 | ||
| Surgical Treatment: Bilateral Oophorectomy with or without Hysterectomy | 826 | ||
| 38 - Primary and Secondary Amenorrhea and Precocious Puberty: Etiology, Diagnostic Evaluation, Management | 829 | ||
| DELAYED MENARCHE | 829 | ||
| PRIMARY AMENORRHEA | 831 | ||
| CAUSES OF PRIMARY AMENORRHEA | 831 | ||
| Breasts Absent and Uterus Present | 831 | ||
| Gonadal Failure (Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism) | 832 | ||
| 45,X Anomalies | 832 | ||
| Structurally Abnormal X Chromosome | 833 | ||
| Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis (46,XX and 46,XY with Gonadal Streaks) | 834 | ||
| 17α-Hydroxylase Deficiency with 46,XX Karyotype | 834 | ||
| Genetic Disorders with Hyperandrogenism | 834 | ||
| Central Nervous System–Hypothalamic–Pituitary Disorders | 834 | ||
| Central Nervous System Lesions | 834 | ||
| Inadequate Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release (Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism) | 834 | ||
| Isolated Gonadotropin Deficiency (Pituitary Disease) | 834 | ||
| Estrogen Resistance | 835 | ||
| Breast Development Present and Uterus Absent | 835 | ||
| Androgen Resistance | 835 | ||
| Congenital Absence of the Uterus (Uterine Agenesis, Uterovaginal Agenesis, Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome) | 835 | ||
| Absent Breast and Uterine Development | 836 | ||
| Secondary Sex Characteristics (Breast) Present and Female Internal Genitalia (Uterus) Present | 836 | ||
| Primary Amenorrhea with Absent Endometrium | 836 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT | 836 | ||
| Uterine Factor | 837 | ||
| Drugs | 838 | ||
| Stress and Exercise | 838 | ||
| Weight Loss | 839 | ||
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome | 839 | ||
| Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea | 839 | ||
| Nonneoplastic Lesions | 841 | ||
| Ovarian Causes (Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism) | 841 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT | 842 | ||
| PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY | 844 | ||
| TYPES OF DISORDERS | 844 | ||
| Premature Thelarche | 846 | ||
| Premature Pubarche or Adrenarche | 847 | ||
| Central Nervous System Lesions | 847 | ||
| Primary Hypothyroidism | 847 | ||
| Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone–Independent Precocious Puberty | 848 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 848 | ||
| TREATMENT | 849 | ||
| 39 - Hyperprolactinemia, Galactorrhea, and Pituitary Adenomas: Etiology, Differential Diagnosis, Natural History, Management | 853 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY | 853 | ||
| SPECIAL CASES IN THE MEASUREMENT OF PROLACTIN | 854 | ||
| GALACTORRHEA | 854 | ||
| CAUSES OF HYPERPROLACTINEMIA | 855 | ||
| PROLACTINOMAS | 858 | ||
| RECOMMENDED DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION | 859 | ||
| MEDICAL TREATMENT OF PROLACTINOMAS | 860 | ||
| Bromocriptine | 860 | ||
| Cabergoline | 860 | ||
| Outcomes of Treatment in Women with Prolactinomas | 861 | ||
| OPERATIVE APPROACHES FOR PROLACTINOMA | 862 | ||
| RADIATION THERAPY FOR MACROADENOMAS | 862 | ||
| PREGNANCY AND TREATMENT OF PROLACTINOMAS | 862 | ||
| Women with Hyperprolactinemia Who Do Not Wish to Conceive | 863 | ||
| 40 - Hyperandrogenism and Androgen Excess: Physiology, Etiology, Differential Diagnosis, Management | 865 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY OF ANDROGENS IN WOMEN | 865 | ||
| CAUSES OF ANDROGEN EXCESS OR HYPERANDROGENISM | 870 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC HIRSUTISM (PERIPHERAL DISORDER OF ANDROGEN METABOLISM) | 870 | ||
| POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME | 871 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL OR IDIOPATHIC HYPERANDROGENISM | 872 | ||
| STROMAL HYPERTHECOSIS | 872 | ||
| ANDROGEN-PRODUCING TUMORS | 872 | ||
| Ovarian Neoplasms | 872 | ||
| Adrenal Tumors | 873 | ||
| LATE-ONSET 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY | 873 | ||
| CUSHING SYNDROME | 874 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 875 | ||
| TREATMENT OF ANDROGEN EXCESS/HYPERANDROGENISM | 875 | ||
| Late-Onset 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia) | 876 | ||
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome | 876 | ||
| Treatment of Skin Manifestations of Androgen Excess | 876 | ||
| Oral Contraceptive Steroids | 876 | ||
| Antiandrogens | 876 | ||
| Other Agents for Treatment | 877 | ||
| Follow-up for Treatment of Hirsutism | 877 | ||
| Hair Removal Techniques | 877 | ||
| Acne | 877 | ||
| Alopecia | 877 | ||
| 41 - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome | 881 | ||
| POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME DEFINITION | 881 | ||
| OVARIAN MORPHOLOGY | 881 | ||
| MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY | 882 | ||
| HYPERANDROGENISM/ANDROGEN EXCESS | 882 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME IN ADOLESCENTS | 883 | ||
| CHARACTERISTIC ENDOCRINE FINDINGS IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME | 883 | ||
| INSULIN RESISTANCE | 884 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS | 886 | ||
| CONSEQUENCES OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME | 888 | ||
| WEIGHT GAIN/OBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME | 889 | ||
| DIABETES | 889 | ||
| QUALITY-OF-LIFE ISSUES | 889 | ||
| CARDIOVASCULAR CONCERNS | 889 | ||
| CANCERS IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME | 891 | ||
| OVARIAN AGING: POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND MENOPAUSE | 891 | ||
| ISOLATED POLYCYSTIC OVARIES | 892 | ||
| TREATMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME | 892 | ||
| TREATMENT OF SUBFERTILITY IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME | 892 | ||
| METABOLIC AND WEIGHT CONCERNS | 894 | ||
| 42 - Infertility: Etiology, Diagnostic Evaluation, Management, Prognosis | 897 | ||
| INCIDENCE OF SUBFERTILITY AND INFERTILITY | 897 | ||
| INFERTILITY AND AGE | 897 | ||
| FECUNDABILITY: THE ABILITY TO CONCEIVE | 898 | ||
| CAUSES OF INFERTILITY | 899 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION | 899 | ||
| DOCUMENTATION OF OVULATION | 900 | ||
| SEMEN ANALYSIS | 900 | ||
| EVALUATION AND LABORATORY TESTS | 901 | ||
| Use of Ultrasound in the Diagnostic Evaluation | 903 | ||
| Other Blood Testing | 903 | ||
| Hysterosalpingography | 903 | ||
| Postcoital Test (No Longer Routine) | 905 | ||
| Laparoscopy: Is It a Routine Part of the Investigation? | 905 | ||
| Immunologic Factors in Subfertility? | 906 | ||
| Significance of Infectious Diseases in Subfertility | 906 | ||
| Are Other Tests of Sperm Function Indicated? | 906 | ||
| OUTCOMES OF PREGNANCY IN WOMEN UNDERGOING VARIOUS TREATMENTS | 908 | ||
| TREATMENT OF THE CAUSES OF INFERTILITY | 908 | ||
| MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR ANOVULATION | 908 | ||
| Clomiphene Citrate | 908 | ||
| Metformin and Other Insulin Sensitizers | 910 | ||
| Letrozole | 910 | ||
| Gonadotropins | 911 | ||
| Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome | 913 | ||
| Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone | 913 | ||
| Ovarian Electrocauterization | 913 | ||
| DEALING WITH A MALE CAUSE OF INFERTILITY | 914 | ||
| Male Partner Evaluation | 914 | ||
| UTERINE CAUSES OF INFERTILITY | 916 | ||
| Intrauterine Adhesions | 916 | ||
| Leiomyoma | 916 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 916 | ||
| Tubal Causes of Infertility | 917 | ||
| Distal Tubal Disease | 917 | ||
| Proximal Tubal Blockage | 918 | ||
| Adjunctive Therapy | 918 | ||
| ENDOMETRIOSIS | 919 | ||
| UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY | 920 | ||
| COUNSELING AND EMOTIONAL SUPPORT | 921 | ||
| 43 - In Vitro Fertilization | 924 | ||
| UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY/ADVANCED REPRODUCTIVE AGING | 925 | ||
| OOCYTE/EMBRYO CRYOPRESERVATION FOR FERTILITY PRESERVATION | 926 | ||
| PRECONCEPTION GENETIC SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS | 926 | ||
| IN VITRO FERTILIZATION PROCEDURE | 926 | ||
| IN VITRO FERTILIZATION SUCCESS RATES | 929 | ||
| GAMETE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER AND OTHER ALTERNATIVES TO “TRADITIONAL” IN VITRO FERTILIZATION | 929 | ||
| IN VITRO FERTILIZATION PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | 931 | ||
| OVARIAN AND BREAST CANCER RISKS AFTER IN VITRO FERTILIZATION | 932 | ||
| PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS/SCREENING | 932 | ||
| RISKS OF PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS/SCREENING | 933 | ||
| DONOR IN VITRO FERTILIZATION | 933 | ||
| FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFER | 933 | ||
| FERTILITY PRESERVATION | 933 | ||
| OVARIAN TISSUE CRYOPRESERVATION | 934 | ||
| FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS | 934 | ||
| Index | 937 | ||
| A | 937 | ||
| B | 938 | ||
| C | 939 | ||
| D | 941 | ||
| E | 941 | ||
| F | 943 | ||
| G | 944 | ||
| H | 945 | ||
| I | 946 | ||
| J | 947 | ||
| K | 947 | ||
| L | 947 | ||
| M | 948 | ||
| N | 949 | ||
| O | 949 | ||
| P | 950 | ||
| Q | 952 | ||
| R | 952 | ||
| S | 953 | ||
| T | 954 | ||
| U | 955 | ||
| V | 955 | ||
| W | 956 | ||
| X | 956 | ||
| Y | 956 | ||
| Z | 956 | ||
| Key Points | e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 1: FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYOGENESIS | e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 2: REPRODUCTIVE GENETICS | e2 | ||
| CHAPTER 3: REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY | e3 | ||
| CHAPTER 4: REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY | e4 | ||
| CHAPTER 5: EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE AND CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY | e5 | ||
| CHAPTER 7: HISTORY, PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, AND PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE | e5 | ||
| CHAPTER 8: THE INTERACTION OF MEDICAL DISEASES AND FEMALE PHYSIOLOGY | e6 | ||
| CHAPTER 9: EMOTIONAL ASPECTS OF GYNECOLOGY | e6 | ||
| CHAPTER 10: ENDOSCOPY: HYSTEROSCOPY AND LAPAROSCOPY | e7 | ||
| CHAPTER 11: CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT | e7 | ||
| CHAPTER 12: PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT GYNECOLOGY | e8 | ||
| CHAPTER 13: FAMILY PLANNING | e9 | ||
| CHAPTER 14: MENOPAUSE AND CARE OF THE MATURE WOMAN | e9 | ||
| CHAPTER 15: BREAST DISEASES | e10 | ||
| CHAPTER 16: SPONTANEOUS AND RECURRENT ABORTION | e11 | ||
| CHAPTER 17: ECTOPIC PREGNANCY | e12 | ||
| CHAPTER 18: BENIGN GYNECOLOGIC LESIONS | e12 | ||
| CHAPTER 19: ENDOMETRIOSIS | e14 | ||
| CHAPTER 20: ANATOMIC DEFECTS OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL AND PELVIC FLOOR | e14 | ||
| CHAPTER 21: UROGYNECOLOGY | e15 | ||
| CHAPTER 22: ANAL INCONTINENCE | e15 | ||
| CHAPTER 23: INFECTIONS OF THE LOWER AND UPPER GENITAL TRACTS | e16 | ||
| CHAPTER 24: PREOPERATIVE COUNSELING AND MANAGEMENT | e16 | ||
| CHAPTER 25: PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS | e18 | ||
| CHAPTER 26: ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING | e20 | ||
| CHAPTER 27: PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION THERAPY AND CHEMOTHERAPY IN GYNECOLOGIC CANCER | e20 | ||
| CHAPTER 28: INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA OF THE LOWER GENITAL TRACT (CERVIX, VAGINA, VULVA) | e21 | ||
| CHAPTER 29: MALIGNANT DISEASES OF THE CERVIX | e21 | ||
| CHAPTER 30: NEOPLASTIC DISEASES OF THE VULVA | e22 | ||
| CHAPTER 31: MALIGNANT DISEASES OF THE VAGINA | e23 | ||
| CHAPTER 32: NEOPLASTIC DISEASES OF THE UTERUS | e23 | ||
| CHAPTER 33: NEOPLASTIC DISEASES OF THE OVARY | e24 | ||
| CHAPTER 34: FALLOPIAN TUBE AND PERITONEAL CANCER | e26 | ||
| CHAPTER 35: GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE | e26 | ||
| CHAPTER 36: MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY IN GYNECOLOGIC CANCER | e27 | ||
| CHAPTER 37: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA, PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, AND PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER | e28 | ||
| CHAPTER 38: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY AMENORRHEA AND PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY | e28 | ||
| CHAPTER 39: HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, GALACTORRHEA, AND PITUITARY ADENOMAS | e29 | ||
| CHAPTER 40: HYPERANDROGENISM/ANDROGEN EXCESS | e30 | ||
| CHAPTER 41: POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME | e30 | ||
| CHAPTER 42: INFERTILITY EPIDEMIOLOGY EVALUATION | e31 | ||
| CHAPTER 43: IN VITRO FERTILIZATION | e31 | ||
| IBC | ES2 |