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Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Non-Traumatic Disease E-Book

Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Non-Traumatic Disease E-Book

B. J. Manaster

(2016)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

The newest edition of Manaster’s Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Non-Traumatic Disease combines the largest number of musculoskeletal images with the broadest non-trauma coverage available. Featuring more than 300 diagnoses highlighting the most recent information, references, and images, it serves as a practical, highly formatted guide that's well-suited for practicing radiologists who desire a better understanding of the intricacies of musculoskeletal diseases.

  • Guides practicing radiologists through the complexities of various disorders, such as arthritis, collagen vascular diseases, bone tumors, soft tissue tumors, infections, systemic diseases, developmental and congenital abnormalities, and metabolic diseases that affect the musculoskeletal system
  • Brand-new images within every chapter provide examples of the entire disease spectrum for each diagnosis
  • Includes all relevant modalities for non-traumatic MSK imaging
  • Features richly colored graphics and fully annotated images to highlight the most important diagnostic possibilities
  • Highly templated and bulleted format makes it easier than ever to locate key information
  • Written primarily for clinical radiologists, including both general radiologists and musculoskeletal imaging specialists, yet also useful for more senior residents in clinical service

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal: Non-Traumatic Disease iii
Copyright Page iv
Table of Contents xiv
Dedication v
Contributing Authors vii
Preface viii
Acknowledgments xi
Sections xiii
SECTION 1: Arthritis 2
Introduction and Overview 4
Chapter 1.\rIntroduction to Arthritis 4
Classic Appearance of Arthritic Processes 4
Early Appearance of Arthritic Processes 5
Late Appearance of Arthritic Processes 5
Coexistence of Arthritic Processes 5
Conclusion 5
Selected References 5
Erosive 10
Chapter 2.\rRheumatoid Arthritis of Axial Skeleton 10
TERMINOLOGY 11
IMAGING 11
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 12
PATHOLOGY 12
CLINICAL ISSUES 12
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 12
SELECTED REFERENCES 12
Chapter 3.\rRheumatoid Arthritis of Shoulder and Elbow 16
TERMINOLOGY 17
IMAGING 17
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 17
PATHOLOGY 18
CLINICAL ISSUES 18
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 18
SELECTED REFERENCES 18
Chapter 4.\rRheumatoid Arthritis of Wrist and Hand 22
TERMINOLOGY 23
IMAGING 23
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 23
PATHOLOGY 24
CLINICAL ISSUES 24
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 24
SELECTED REFERENCES 24
Chapter 5. Rheumatoid Arthritis of Hip 28
TERMINOLOGY 29
IMAGING 29
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 29
PATHOLOGY 30
CLINICAL ISSUES 30
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 30
SELECTED REFERENCES 30
Chapter 6. Rheumatoid Arthritis of Knee 32
TERMINOLOGY 33
IMAGING 33
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 33
PATHOLOGY 34
CLINICAL ISSUES 34
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 34
SELECTED REFERENCES 34
Chapter 7. Rheumatoid Arthritis of Ankle and Foot 36
TERMINOLOGY 37
IMAGING 37
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 37
PATHOLOGY 37
CLINICAL ISSUES 38
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 38
SELECTED REFERENCES 38
Chapter 8. Robust Rheumatoid Arthritis 40
Chapter 9. Felty Syndrome 41
Chapter 10. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 42
TERMINOLOGY 43
IMAGING 43
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 43
PATHOLOGY 44
CLINICAL ISSUES 44
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 44
SELECTED REFERENCES 44
Chapter 11. Adult Still Disease 48
TERMINOLOGY 49
IMAGING 49
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 49
PATHOLOGY 49
CLINICAL ISSUES 49
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 49
SELECTED REFERENCES 49
Productive 50
Chapter 12. Osteoarthritis of Axial Skeleton 50
TERMINOLOGY 51
IMAGING 51
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 52
PATHOLOGY 52
CLINICAL ISSUES 52
SELECTED REFERENCES 52
Chapter 13. DISH 54
TERMINOLOGY 55
IMAGING 55
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 55
PATHOLOGY 56
CLINICAL ISSUES 56
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 56
SELECTED REFERENCES 56
Chapter 14. OPLL 60
TERMINOLOGY 61
IMAGING 61
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 61
PATHOLOGY 62
CLINICAL ISSUES 62
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 62
SELECTED REFERENCES 62
Chapter 15. Osteoarthritis of Shoulder and Elbow 64
TERMINOLOGY 65
IMAGING 65
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 65
PATHOLOGY 66
CLINICAL ISSUES 66
SELECTED REFERENCES 66
Chapter 16. Osteoarthritis of Wrist and Hand 68
TERMINOLOGY 69
IMAGING 69
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 70
PATHOLOGY 70
CLINICAL ISSUES 70
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 70
SELECTED REFERENCES 70
Chapter 17. Osteoarthritis of Hip 72
TERMINOLOGY 73
IMAGING 73
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 73
PATHOLOGY 74
CLINICAL ISSUES 74
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 74
SELECTED REFERENCES 74
Chapter 18. Osteoarthritis of Knee 78
TERMINOLOGY 79
IMAGING 79
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 79
PATHOLOGY 79
CLINICAL ISSUES 80
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 80
SELECTED REFERENCES 80
Mixed Erosive and Productive 84
Chapter 19. Ankylosing Spondylitis 84
TERMINOLOGY 85
IMAGING 85
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 85
PATHOLOGY 86
CLINICAL ISSUES 86
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 86
SELECTED REFERENCES 86
Chapter 20. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Arthritis 90
TERMINOLOGY 91
IMAGING 91
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 91
PATHOLOGY 92
CLINICAL ISSUES 92
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 92
SELECTED REFERENCES 92
Chapter 21. Psoriatic Arthritis 96
TERMINOLOGY 97
IMAGING 97
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 98
PATHOLOGY 98
CLINICAL ISSUES 98
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 98
SELECTED REFERENCES 98
Chapter 22. Chronic Reactive Arthritis 102
TERMINOLOGY 103
IMAGING 103
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 103
PATHOLOGY 104
CLINICAL ISSUES 104
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 104
SELECTED REFERENCES 104
Due to Biochemical Disorders or Depositional Disease 108
Chapter 23. Gout 108
TERMINOLOGY 109
IMAGING 109
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 109
PATHOLOGY 110
CLINICAL ISSUES 110
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 110
SELECTED REFERENCES 110
Chapter 24. Pyrophosphate Arthropathy 114
TERMINOLOGY 115
IMAGING 115
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 116
PATHOLOGY 116
CLINICAL ISSUES 116
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 116
SELECTED REFERENCES 116
Chapter 25. Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease 120
TERMINOLOGY 121
IMAGING 121
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 121
PATHOLOGY 122
CLINICAL ISSUES 122
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 122
SELECTED REFERENCES 122
Chapter 26. Amyloid Deposition 126
TERMINOLOGY 127
IMAGING 127
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 127
PATHOLOGY 127
CLINICAL ISSUES 128
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 128
SELECTED REFERENCES 128
Chapter 27. Hemochromatosis 132
Chapter 28. Ochronosis 133
Chapter 29. Wilson Disease 134
Chapter 30. Oxalosis 135
Miscellaneous Joint Disorders 136
Chapter 31. Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS) 136
TERMINOLOGY 137
IMAGING 137
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 137
PATHOLOGY 138
CLINICAL ISSUES 138
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 138
SELECTED REFERENCES 138
Chapter 32. Intraarticular Chondroma 142
TERMINOLOGY 143
IMAGING 143
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 143
PATHOLOGY 143
CLINICAL ISSUES 143
SELECTED REFERENCES 143
Chapter 33. Nodular Synovitis (Intraarticular) 146
TERMINOLOGY 147
IMAGING 147
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 147
PATHOLOGY 147
CLINICAL ISSUES 147
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 147
SELECTED REFERENCES 147
Chapter 34. Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis 150
Chapter 35. Synovial Vascular Malformation 151
Chapter 36. Synovial Chondromatosis 152
TERMINOLOGY 153
IMAGING 153
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 153
PATHOLOGY 154
CLINICAL ISSUES 154
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 154
SELECTED REFERENCES 154
Chapter 37. Charcot (Neuropathic) 158
TERMINOLOGY 159
IMAGING 159
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 160
PATHOLOGY 160
CLINICAL ISSUES 160
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 160
SELECTED REFERENCES 160
Chapter 38. Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy 164
TERMINOLOGY 165
IMAGING 165
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 165
PATHOLOGY 165
CLINICAL ISSUES 166
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 166
SELECTED REFERENCES 166
Chapter 39. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 170
TERMINOLOGY 171
IMAGING 171
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 171
PATHOLOGY 171
CLINICAL ISSUES 172
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 172
SELECTED REFERENCES 172
SECTION 2:\rOsseous Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions 176
Introduction and Overview 178
Chapter 40. Bone Tumors: Diagnosis, Staging, and Biopsy 178
Introduction 178
Differentiating Benign From Malignant Bone\rTumors 178
Predicting Grade or Prognosis by Imaging 178
Predicting Histologic Type of Bone Tumors 178
Staging of Bone Tumors 178
Restaging of Bone Tumors 179
Biopsy Considerations 179
Selected References 180
Chapter 41. Bone Tumors: Treatment Options and Follow-Up 186
Treatment Options for Primary Bone Tumors 186
Limb Salvage Considerations 186
Major Treatment Roadblocks 186
Residual Tumor (Postoperative) Grading 187
Follow-Up of Primary Bone Tumors 187
Selected References 187
Bone-Forming Tumors 192
Chapter 42. Enostosis (Bone Island) 192
TERMINOLOGY 193
IMAGING 193
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 193
PATHOLOGY 193
CLINICAL ISSUES 193
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 193
SELECTED REFERENCES 193
Chapter 43. Osteoma 196
TERMINOLOGY 197
IMAGING 197
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 197
PATHOLOGY 198
CLINICAL ISSUES 198
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 198
SELECTED REFERENCES 198
Chapter 44. Osteoid Osteoma 202
TERMINOLOGY 203
IMAGING 203
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 203
PATHOLOGY 204
CLINICAL ISSUES 204
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 204
SELECTED REFERENCES 204
Chapter 45. Osteoblastoma 208
TERMINOLOGY 209
IMAGING 209
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 209
PATHOLOGY 210
CLINICAL ISSUES 210
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 210
SELECTED REFERENCES 210
Chapter 46. Conventional Osteosarcoma 214
TERMINOLOGY 215
IMAGING 215
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 215
PATHOLOGY 216
CLINICAL ISSUES 216
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 216
SELECTED REFERENCES 216
Chapter 47. Parosteal Osteosarcoma 220
TERMINOLOGY 221
IMAGING 221
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 221
PATHOLOGY 222
CLINICAL ISSUES 222
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 222
SELECTED REFERENCES 222
Chapter 48. Periosteal Osteosarcoma 226
TERMINOLOGY 227
IMAGING 227
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 227
PATHOLOGY 228
CLINICAL ISSUES 228
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 228
SELECTED REFERENCES 228
Chapter 49. Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma 230
TERMINOLOGY 231
IMAGING 231
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 231
PATHOLOGY 231
CLINICAL ISSUES 231
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 231
SELECTED REFERENCES 231
Chapter 50. Low-Grade Intraosseous Osteosarcoma 234
TERMINOLOGY 235
IMAGING 235
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 235
PATHOLOGY 235
CLINICAL ISSUES 235
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 235
SELECTED REFERENCES 235
Chapter 51. High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma 238
TERMINOLOGY 239
IMAGING 239
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 239
PATHOLOGY 239
CLINICAL ISSUES 239
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 239
SELECTED REFERENCES 239
Chapter 52. Secondary Osteosarcoma 240
TERMINOLOGY 241
IMAGING 241
PATHOLOGY 241
CLINICAL ISSUES 241
SELECTED REFERENCES 241
Cartilage-Forming Tumors 244
Chapter 53. Enchondroma 244
TERMINOLOGY 245
IMAGING 245
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 245
PATHOLOGY 246
CLINICAL ISSUES 246
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 246
SELECTED REFERENCES 246
Chapter 54. Osteochondroma 250
TERMINOLOGY 251
IMAGING 251
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 251
PATHOLOGY 252
CLINICAL ISSUES 252
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 252
SELECTED REFERENCES 252
Chapter 55. Multiple Hereditary Exostoses 256
TERMINOLOGY 257
IMAGING 257
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 258
PATHOLOGY 258
CLINICAL ISSUES 258
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 258
SELECTED REFERENCES 258
Chapter 56. Chondroblastoma 262
TERMINOLOGY 263
IMAGING 263
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 263
PATHOLOGY 263
CLINICAL ISSUES 263
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 263
SELECTED REFERENCES 263
Chapter 57. Chondromyxoid Fibroma 266
TERMINOLOGY 267
IMAGING 267
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 267
PATHOLOGY 267
CLINICAL ISSUES 267
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 267
SELECTED REFERENCES 267
Chapter 58. Periosteal Chondroma 270
TERMINOLOGY 271
IMAGING 271
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 271
PATHOLOGY 271
CLINICAL ISSUES 272
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 272
SELECTED REFERENCES 272
Chapter 59. Chondrosarcoma 276
TERMINOLOGY 277
IMAGING 277
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 278
PATHOLOGY 278
CLINICAL ISSUES 278
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 278
SELECTED REFERENCES 278
Chapter 60. Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma 282
TERMINOLOGY 283
IMAGING 283
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 283
PATHOLOGY 283
CLINICAL ISSUES 283
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 283
SELECTED REFERENCES 283
Chapter 61. Periosteal Chondrosarcoma 284
TERMINOLOGY 285
IMAGING 285
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 285
PATHOLOGY 285
CLINICAL ISSUES 285
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 285
SELECTED REFERENCES 285
Chapter 62. Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma 286
TERMINOLOGY 287
IMAGING 287
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 287
PATHOLOGY 287
CLINICAL ISSUES 287
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 287
SELECTED REFERENCES 287
Marrow Tumors 288
Chapter 63. Plasmacytoma 288
TERMINOLOGY 289
IMAGING 289
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 289
PATHOLOGY 289
CLINICAL ISSUES 290
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 290
SELECTED REFERENCES 290
Chapter 64. Multiple Myeloma 294
TERMINOLOGY 295
IMAGING 295
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 295
PATHOLOGY 295
CLINICAL ISSUES 296
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 296
SELECTED REFERENCES 296
Chapter 65. POEMS 300
TERMINOLOGY 301
IMAGING 301
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 301
PATHOLOGY 301
CLINICAL ISSUES 301
SELECTED REFERENCES 301
Chapter 66. Ewing Sarcoma 302
TERMINOLOGY 303
IMAGING 303
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 303
PATHOLOGY 304
CLINICAL ISSUES 304
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 304
SELECTED REFERENCES 304
Chapter 67. Leukemia: Osseous Manifestations 308
TERMINOLOGY 309
IMAGING 309
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 309
PATHOLOGY 310
CLINICAL ISSUES 310
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 310
SELECTED REFERENCES 310
Chapter 68. Lymphoma of Bone 312
TERMINOLOGY 313
IMAGING 313
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 314
PATHOLOGY 314
CLINICAL ISSUES 314
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 314
SELECTED REFERENCES 314
Chapter 69. Metastases: Bone Marrow 318
TERMINOLOGY 319
IMAGING 319
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 319
PATHOLOGY 320
CLINICAL ISSUES 320
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 320
SELECTED REFERENCES 320
Other Osseous Tumors 324
Chapter 70. Desmoplastic Fibroma 324
TERMINOLOGY 325
IMAGING 325
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 325
PATHOLOGY 325
CLINICAL ISSUES 325
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 325
SELECTED REFERENCES 325
Chapter 71. Liposclerosing Myxofibrous Tumor 326
TERMINOLOGY 327
IMAGING 327
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 327
PATHOLOGY 327
CLINICAL ISSUES 327
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 327
SELECTED REFERENCES 327
Chapter 72. Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone 328
TERMINOLOGY 329
IMAGING 329
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 329
PATHOLOGY 329
CLINICAL ISSUES 330
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 330
SELECTED REFERENCES 330
Chapter 73. Fibrosarcoma 332
TERMINOLOGY 333
IMAGING 333
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 333
PATHOLOGY 333
CLINICAL ISSUES 333
SELECTED REFERENCES 333
Chapter 74. Intraosseous Lipoma 334
TERMINOLOGY 335
IMAGING 335
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 335
PATHOLOGY 335
CLINICAL ISSUES 335
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 335
SELECTED REFERENCES 335
Chapter 75. Giant Cell Tumor 338
TERMINOLOGY 339
IMAGING 339
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 339
PATHOLOGY 339
CLINICAL ISSUES 340
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 340
SELECTED REFERENCES 340
Chapter 76. Adamantinoma 344
TERMINOLOGY 345
IMAGING 345
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 345
PATHOLOGY 345
CLINICAL ISSUES 346
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 346
SELECTED REFERENCES 346
Chapter 77. Hemangioma: Intraosseous 348
TERMINOLOGY 349
IMAGING 349
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 349
PATHOLOGY 350
CLINICAL ISSUES 350
SELECTED REFERENCES 350
Chapter 78. Hemangiopericytoma: Osseous 354
Chapter 79. Hemangioendothelioma: Osseous 355
Chapter 80. Angiosarcoma: Osseous 356
TERMINOLOGY 357
IMAGING 357
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 357
PATHOLOGY 357
CLINICAL ISSUES 358
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 358
SELECTED REFERENCES 358
Chapter 81. Chordoma 360
TERMINOLOGY 361
IMAGING 361
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 361
PATHOLOGY 362
CLINICAL ISSUES 362
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 362
SELECTED REFERENCES 362
Tumor-Like Conditions 364
Chapter 82. Paget Disease 364
TERMINOLOGY 365
IMAGING 365
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 365
PATHOLOGY 365
CLINICAL ISSUES 366
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 366
SELECTED REFERENCES 366
Chapter 83. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis 370
TERMINOLOGY 371
IMAGING 371
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 371
PATHOLOGY 372
CLINICAL ISSUES 372
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 372
SELECTED REFERENCES 372
Chapter 84. Fibrous Dysplasia 376
TERMINOLOGY 377
IMAGING 377
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 377
PATHOLOGY 378
CLINICAL ISSUES 378
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 378
SELECTED REFERENCES 378
Chapter 85. Osteofibrous Dysplasia 382
TERMINOLOGY 383
IMAGING 383
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 383
PATHOLOGY 383
CLINICAL ISSUES 384
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 384
SELECTED REFERENCES 384
Chapter 86. Simple Bone Cyst 388
TERMINOLOGY 389
IMAGING 389
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 389
PATHOLOGY 390
CLINICAL ISSUES 390
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 390
SELECTED REFERENCES 390
Chapter 87. Aneurysmal Bone Cyst 394
TERMINOLOGY 395
IMAGING 395
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 395
PATHOLOGY 396
CLINICAL ISSUES 396
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 396
SELECTED REFERENCES 396
Chapter 88. Fibroxanthoma 400
TERMINOLOGY 401
IMAGING 401
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 401
PATHOLOGY 401
CLINICAL ISSUES 401
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 401
SELECTED REFERENCES 401
Chapter 89. Trevor Fairbank 404
TERMINOLOGY 405
IMAGING 405
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 405
PATHOLOGY 405
CLINICAL ISSUES 405
SELECTED REFERENCES 405
Radiation-Induced Abnormalities 406
Chapter 90. Radiation-Induced Complications of Skeleton 406
TERMINOLOGY 407
IMAGING 407
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 407
PATHOLOGY 408
CLINICAL ISSUES 408
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 408
SELECTED REFERENCES 408
SECTION 3:\rSoft Tissue Tumors 412
Introduction and Overview 414
Chapter 91. Introduction to Soft Tissue Tumors 414
Introduction 414
Differentiating Benign From Malignant Soft\rTissue Tumors 414
Predicting Grade or Prognosis by Imaging 414
Predicting Histologic Type of Soft Tissue\rTumors 414
Staging of Soft Tissue Sarcoma 414
Biopsy Considerations 415
Treatment Options for Soft Tissue Sarcoma 415
Major Treatment Roadblocks 415
Follow-Up of Soft Tissue Sarcoma 415
Soft Tissue Tumor Reporting Checklist 415
Selected References 415
Adipocytic Tumors 422
Benign Adipocytic Tumors 422
Chapter 92. Lipoma: Soft Tissue 422
TERMINOLOGY 423
IMAGING 423
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 424
PATHOLOGY 424
CLINICAL ISSUES 424
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 424
SELECTED REFERENCES 424
Chapter 93. Lipomatosis 428
TERMINOLOGY 429
IMAGING 429
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 429
PATHOLOGY 430
CLINICAL ISSUES 430
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 430
SELECTED REFERENCES 430
Chapter 94. Lipomatosis: Nerve 434
TERMINOLOGY 435
IMAGING 435
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 435
PATHOLOGY 435
CLINICAL ISSUES 435
SELECTED REFERENCES 435
Chapter 95. Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa 438
TERMINOLOGY 439
IMAGING 439
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 439
PATHOLOGY 439
CLINICAL ISSUES 439
SELECTED REFERENCES 439
Chapter 96. Lipoma Arborescens: Knee 442
TERMINOLOGY 443
IMAGING 443
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 443
PATHOLOGY 443
CLINICAL ISSUES 443
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 443
SELECTED REFERENCES 443
Chapter 97. Lipoblastoma/Lipoblastomatosis 446
TERMINOLOGY 447
IMAGING 447
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 447
PATHOLOGY 447
CLINICAL ISSUES 447
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 447
SELECTED REFERENCES 447
Chapter 98. Hibernoma 448
TERMINOLOGY 449
IMAGING 449
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 449
PATHOLOGY 450
CLINICAL ISSUES 450
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 450
SELECTED REFERENCES 450
Chapter 99. Parosteal Lipoma 452
TERMINOLOGY 453
IMAGING 453
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 453
PATHOLOGY 453
CLINICAL ISSUES 453
SELECTED REFERENCES 453
Intermediate Adipocytic Tumors 456
Chapter 100. Atypical Lipomatous Tumor 456
TERMINOLOGY 457
IMAGING 457
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 457
PATHOLOGY 457
CLINICAL ISSUES 457
SELECTED REFERENCES 457
Malignant Adipocytic Tumors 460
Chapter 101. Myxoid Liposarcoma 460
TERMINOLOGY 461
IMAGING 461
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 461
PATHOLOGY 461
CLINICAL ISSUES 461
SELECTED REFERENCES 461
Chapter 102. Pleomorphic Liposarcoma 464
Chapter 103. Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma 465
Fibroblastic/Myoblastic Tumors 466
Benign Fibrous Tumors 466
Chapter 104. Nodular and Proliferative Fasciitis 466
Chapter 105. Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation 467
Chapter 106. Elastofibroma 468
TERMINOLOGY 469
IMAGING 469
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 469
PATHOLOGY 469
CLINICAL ISSUES 469
SELECTED REFERENCES 469
Chapter 107. Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy 472
Chapter 108. Myofibroma/Myofibromatosis 473
Chapter 109. Fibromatosis Colli 474
Chapter 110. Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis 475
Chapter 111. Fibroma of Tendon Sheath 476
TERMINOLOGY 477
IMAGING 477
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 477
PATHOLOGY 477
CLINICAL ISSUES 477
SELECTED REFERENCES 477
Chapter 112. Desmoplastic Fibroblastoma 480
TERMINOLOGY 481
IMAGING 481
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 481
PATHOLOGY 481
CLINICAL ISSUES 481
SELECTED REFERENCES 481
Chapter 113. Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma 482
TERMINOLOGY 483
IMAGING 483
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 483
PATHOLOGY 483
CLINICAL ISSUES 483
SELECTED REFERENCES 483
Intermediate (Locally Aggressive) Fibrous Tumors 484
Chapter 114. Superficial Fibromatoses 484
TERMINOLOGY 485
IMAGING 485
PATHOLOGY 485
CLINICAL ISSUES 485
SELECTED REFERENCES 485
Chapter 115. Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis 488
TERMINOLOGY 489
IMAGING 489
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 489
PATHOLOGY 490
CLINICAL ISSUES 490
SELECTED REFERENCES 490
Solitary Fibrous Tumor and Hemangiopericytoma 494
Chapter 116. Solitary Fibrous Tumor and Hemangiopericytoma 494
TERMINOLOGY 495
IMAGING 495
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 495
PATHOLOGY 495
CLINICAL ISSUES 496
SELECTED REFERENCES 496
Chapter 117. Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor 500
TERMINOLOGY 501
IMAGING 501
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 501
PATHOLOGY 501
CLINICAL ISSUES 501
SELECTED REFERENCES 501
Chapter 118. Infantile Fibrosarcoma 504
TERMINOLOGY 505
IMAGING 505
PATHOLOGY 505
CLINICAL ISSUES 505
SELECTED REFERENCES 505
Malignant Fibrous Tumors 506
Chapter 119. Fibrosarcoma: Soft Tissue 506
TERMINOLOGY 507
IMAGING 507
PATHOLOGY 507
CLINICAL ISSUES 507
SELECTED REFERENCES 507
Chapter 120. Myxofibrosarcoma 510
TERMINOLOGY 511
IMAGING 511
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 511
PATHOLOGY 511
CLINICAL ISSUES 511
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 511
SELECTED REFERENCES 511
Chapter 121. Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma 514
TERMINOLOGY 515
IMAGING 515
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 515
PATHOLOGY 515
CLINICAL ISSUES 515
SELECTED REFERENCES 515
Chapter 122. Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma 516
TERMINOLOGY 517
IMAGING 517
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 517
PATHOLOGY 517
CLINICAL ISSUES 517
SELECTED REFERENCES 517
So-Called Fibrohistiocytic Tumors 520
Benign Fibrohistiocytic Tumors 520
Chapter 123. Giant Cell Tumor Tendon Sheath 520
TERMINOLOGY 521
IMAGING 521
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 521
PATHOLOGY 522
CLINICAL ISSUES 522
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 522
SELECTED REFERENCES 522
Chapter 124. Diffuse-Type Giant Cell Tumor (Extraarticular PVNS) 526
TERMINOLOGY 527
IMAGING 527
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 527
PATHOLOGY 527
CLINICAL ISSUES 527
SELECTED REFERENCES 527
Chapter 125. Deep Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma 528
TERMINOLOGY 529
IMAGING 529
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 529
PATHOLOGY 529
CLINICAL ISSUES 529
SELECTED REFERENCES 529
Malignant Fibrohistiocytic Tumors 530
Chapter 126. Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma 530
TERMINOLOGY 531
IMAGING 531
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 531
PATHOLOGY 531
CLINICAL ISSUES 531
SELECTED REFERENCES 531
Chapter 127. Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma With Prominent Inflammation 534
TERMINOLOGY 535
IMAGING 535
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 535
PATHOLOGY 535
CLINICAL ISSUES 535
SELECTED REFERENCES 535
Chapter 128. Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans 536
TERMINOLOGY 537
IMAGING 537
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 537
PATHOLOGY 537
CLINICAL ISSUES 537
SELECTED REFERENCES 537
Smooth Muscle Tumors 540
Smooth Muscle Tumors, Benign 540
Chapter 129. Angioleiomyoma 540
TERMINOLOGY 541
IMAGING 541
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 541
PATHOLOGY 541
CLINICAL ISSUES 541
SELECTED REFERENCES 541
Chapter 130. Leiomyoma: Superficial and Deep 542
TERMINOLOGY 543
IMAGING 543
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 543
PATHOLOGY 543
CLINICAL ISSUES 543
SELECTED REFERENCES 543
Smooth Muscle Tumors, Malignant 546
Chapter 131. Leiomyosarcoma 546
TERMINOLOGY 547
IMAGING 547
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 547
PATHOLOGY 548
CLINICAL ISSUES 548
SELECTED REFERENCES 548
Pericytic (Perivascular) Tumors 552
Chapter 132. Glomus Tumor 552
TERMINOLOGY 553
IMAGING 553
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 553
PATHOLOGY 553
CLINICAL ISSUES 553
SELECTED REFERENCES 553
Skeletal Muscle Tumors 556
Skeletal Muscle Tumors, Benign 556
Chapter 133. Rhabdomyoma 556
TERMINOLOGY 557
IMAGING 557
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 557
PATHOLOGY 557
CLINICAL ISSUES 557
SELECTED REFERENCES 557
Skeletal Muscle Tumors, Malignant 558
Chapter 134.Rhabdomyosarcoma 558
TERMINOLOGY 559
IMAGING 559
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 559
PATHOLOGY 559
CLINICAL ISSUES 560
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 560
SELECTED REFERENCES 560
Vascular and Lymphatic Tumors 564
Benign Vascular Tumors 564
Chapter 135. Hemangioma and Vascular Malformations: Soft Tissue 564
TERMINOLOGY 565
IMAGING 565
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 565
PATHOLOGY 566
CLINICAL ISSUES 566
SELECTED REFERENCES 566
Chapter 136. Angiomatosis 570
TERMINOLOGY 571
IMAGING 571
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 571
PATHOLOGY 571
CLINICAL ISSUES 571
SELECTED REFERENCES 571
Chapter 137. Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome 572
TERMINOLOGY 573
IMAGING 573
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 573
PATHOLOGY 573
CLINICAL ISSUES 573
SELECTED REFERENCES 573
Chapter 138. Lymphangioma 576
TERMINOLOGY 577
IMAGING 577
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 577
PATHOLOGY 577
CLINICAL ISSUES 577
SELECTED REFERENCES 577
Intermediate (Rarely Metastasizing) Vascular Tumors 580
Chapter 139. Kaposi Sarcoma 580
TERMINOLOGY 581
IMAGING 581
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 581
PATHOLOGY 581
CLINICAL ISSUES 581
SELECTED REFERENCES 581
Chapter 140. Hemangioendothelioma: Soft Tissue 584
TERMINOLOGY 585
IMAGING 585
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 585
PATHOLOGY 585
CLINICAL ISSUES 585
SELECTED REFERENCES 585
Malignant Vascular Tumors 586
Chapter 141. Angiosarcoma: Soft Tissue 586
TERMINOLOGY 587
IMAGING 587
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 587
PATHOLOGY 587
CLINICAL ISSUES 588
SELECTED REFERENCES 588
Chondroosseous Tumors 590
Chapter 142. Chondroma: Soft Tissue 590
TERMINOLOGY 591
IMAGING 591
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 591
PATHOLOGY 591
CLINICAL ISSUES 591
SELECTED REFERENCES 591
Chapter 143. Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma 592
TERMINOLOGY 593
IMAGING 593
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 593
PATHOLOGY 593
CLINICAL ISSUES 593
SELECTED REFERENCES 593
Chapter 144. Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma 594
TERMINOLOGY 595
IMAGING 595
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 595
PATHOLOGY 595
CLINICAL ISSUES 595
SELECTED REFERENCES 595
Tumors of Uncertain Differentiation 598
Benign Tumors of Uncertain Differentiation 598
Chapter 145. Intramuscular Myxoma 598
TERMINOLOGY 599
IMAGING 599
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 599
PATHOLOGY 600
CLINICAL ISSUES 600
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 600
SELECTED REFERENCES 600
Intermediate Tumors (Rarely Metastasizing) of\rUncertain Differentiation 604
Chapter 146. Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor 604
TERMINOLOGY 605
IMAGING 605
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 605
PATHOLOGY 605
CLINICAL ISSUES 605
SELECTED REFERENCES 605
Malignant Tumors of Uncertain Differentiation 606
Chapter 147. Synovial Sarcoma 606
TERMINOLOGY 607
IMAGING 607
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 607
PATHOLOGY 608
CLINICAL ISSUES 608
SELECTED REFERENCES 608
Chapter 148. Epithelioid Sarcoma 612
TERMINOLOGY 613
IMAGING 613
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 613
PATHOLOGY 613
CLINICAL ISSUES 613
SELECTED REFERENCES 613
Chapter 149. Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma 616
TERMINOLOGY 617
IMAGING 617
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 617
PATHOLOGY 617
CLINICAL ISSUES 617
SELECTED REFERENCES 617
Chapter 150. PNET/Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma 620
TERMINOLOGY 621
IMAGING 621
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 621
PATHOLOGY 621
CLINICAL ISSUES 621
SELECTED REFERENCES 621
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors 622
Nonneoplastic 622
Chapter 151. Morton Neuroma 622
TERMINOLOGY 623
IMAGING 623
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 623
PATHOLOGY 623
CLINICAL ISSUES 623
SELECTED REFERENCES 623
Chapter 152. Traumatic Neuroma 626
TERMINOLOGY 627
IMAGING 627
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 627
PATHOLOGY 627
CLINICAL ISSUES 627
SELECTED REFERENCES 627
Neurofibroma 628
Chapter 153. Neurofibroma 628
TERMINOLOGY 629
IMAGING 629
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 629
PATHOLOGY 630
CLINICAL ISSUES 630
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 630
SELECTED REFERENCES 630
Schwannoma 634
Chapter 154. Schwannoma 634
TERMINOLOGY 635
IMAGING 635
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 635
PATHOLOGY 636
CLINICAL ISSUES 636
SELECTED REFERENCES 636
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor 640
Chapter 155. Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor 640
TERMINOLOGY 641
IMAGING 641
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 641
PATHOLOGY 641
CLINICAL ISSUES 641
SELECTED REFERENCES 641
Skin and Subcutaneous Lesions 644
Chapter 156. Epidermal Inclusion Cyst 644
TERMINOLOGY 645
IMAGING 645
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 645
PATHOLOGY 645
CLINICAL ISSUES 645
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 645
SELECTED REFERENCES 645
Chapter 157. Rheumatoid Nodule 646
TERMINOLOGY 647
IMAGING 647
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 647
PATHOLOGY 647
CLINICAL ISSUES 647
SELECTED REFERENCES 647
Chapter 158. Metastases: Soft Tissue 650
IMAGING 651
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 651
PATHOLOGY 651
CLINICAL ISSUES 651
SELECTED REFERENCES 651
Chapter 159. Melanoma 654
TERMINOLOGY 655
IMAGING 655
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 655
PATHOLOGY 655
CLINICAL ISSUES 656
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 656
SELECTED REFERENCES 656
Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics 660
Chapter 160. Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Infection/Inflammation 660
TERMINOLOGY 661
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 661
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 661
SELECTED REFERENCES 661
Chapter 161. Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Vascular 664
TERMINOLOGY 665
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 665
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 665
SELECTED REFERENCES 665
Chapter 162. Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Crystal Disease 668
TERMINOLOGY 669
IMAGING 669
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 669
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 669
SELECTED REFERENCES 669
Chapter 163. Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Other 672
TERMINOLOGY 673
IMAGING 673
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 673
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 674
SELECTED REFERENCES 674
Chapter 164. Myositis Ossificans/Heterotopic Ossification 678
TERMINOLOGY 679
IMAGING 679
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 679
PATHOLOGY 680
CLINICAL ISSUES 680
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 680
SELECTED REFERENCES 680
Chapter 165. Xanthoma 684
TERMINOLOGY 685
IMAGING 685
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 685
PATHOLOGY 685
CLINICAL ISSUES 685
SELECTED REFERENCES 685
SECTION 4:\rCongenital and Developmental Abnormalities 689
General 690
Chapter 166. Arthrogryposis 690
Chapter 167. Amniotic Band Syndrome 691
Chapter 168. Cerebral Palsy 692
Chapter 169. Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) 693
Chapter 170. Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva 694
Chapter 171. Muscular Dystrophy 695
Chapter 172. Neurofibromatosis 696
TERMINOLOGY 697
IMAGING 697
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 698
PATHOLOGY 698
CLINICAL ISSUES 698
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 698
SELECTED REFERENCES 698
Chapter 173. Osteogenesis Imperfecta 702
TERMINOLOGY 703
IMAGING 703
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 703
PATHOLOGY 703
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 704
SELECTED REFERENCES 704
Chapter 174. Turner Syndrome 708
Upper Extremity 709
Chapter 175. Glenoid Hypoplasia 709
Chapter 176. Madelung Deformity 710
TERMINOLOGY 711
IMAGING 711
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 711
PATHOLOGY 712
CLINICAL ISSUES 712
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 712
SELECTED REFERENCES 712
Chapter 177. Ulnar Variance 714
TERMINOLOGY 715
IMAGING 715
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 715
PATHOLOGY 715
CLINICAL ISSUES 715
SELECTED REFERENCES 715
Lower Extremity 718
Chapter 178. Developmental Dysplasia of Hip 718
TERMINOLOGY 719
IMAGING 719
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 719
PATHOLOGY 719
CLINICAL ISSUES 719
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 719
SELECTED REFERENCES 719
Chapter 179. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis 724
TERMINOLOGY 725
IMAGING 725
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 725
PATHOLOGY 725
CLINICAL ISSUES 726
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 726
SELECTED REFERENCES 726
Chapter 180. Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency 730
TERMINOLOGY 731
IMAGING 731
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 731
PATHOLOGY 731
CLINICAL ISSUES 732
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 732
SELECTED REFERENCES 732
Chapter 181. Osgood-Schlatter Disease 734
Chapter 182. Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease 735
Chapter 183. Blount Disease 736
TERMINOLOGY 737
IMAGING 737
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 737
PATHOLOGY 737
CLINICAL ISSUES 737
SELECTED REFERENCES 737
Chapter 184. Pes Planus (Flatfoot) 738
TERMINOLOGY 739
IMAGING 739
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 739
PATHOLOGY 739
CLINICAL ISSUES 740
SELECTED REFERENCES 740
Chapter 185. Club Foot (Talipes Equinovarus) 744
TERMINOLOGY 745
IMAGING 745
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 745
PATHOLOGY 745
CLINICAL ISSUES 746
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 746
SELECTED REFERENCES 746
Chapter 186. Congenital Vertical Talus (Rocker-Bottom Foot) 748
Chapter 187. Pes Cavus 749
Chapter 188. Tarsal Coalition 750
TERMINOLOGY 751
IMAGING 751
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 752
PATHOLOGY 752
CLINICAL ISSUES 752
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 752
SELECTED REFERENCES 752
SECTION 5:\rDysplasias 757
Skeletal Dysplasia 758
Dwarfism Dysplasia 758
Chapter 189. Introduction to Dwarfing Dysplasias 758
General Comments 758
Terminology 758
Imaging Anatomy 758
Pathologic Issues 758
Imaging Protocols 758
Clinical Implications 758
Selected References 758
Chapter 190. Achondroplasia 762
TERMINOLOGY 763
IMAGING 763
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 763
PATHOLOGY 764
CLINICAL ISSUES 764
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 764
SELECTED REFERENCES 764
Chapter 191. Pseudoachondroplasia 766
Chapter 192. Achondrogenesis 767
Chapter 193. Thanatophoric Dwarfism 768
TERMINOLOGY 769
IMAGING 769
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 769
PATHOLOGY 769
CLINICAL ISSUES 769
SELECTED REFERENCES 769
Chapter 194. Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy of Jeune 770
Chapter 195. Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld) 771
Chapter 196. Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia 772
TERMINOLOGY 773
IMAGING 773
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 773
PATHOLOGY 773
CLINICAL ISSUES 773
SELECTED REFERENCES 773
Chapter 197. Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia 776
TERMINOLOGY 777
IMAGING 777
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 777
PATHOLOGY 777
CLINICAL ISSUES 777
SELECTED REFERENCES 777
Nondwarfing Dysplasias 780
Chapter 198. Ollier Disease 780
TERMINOLOGY 781
IMAGING 781
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 781
PATHOLOGY 781
CLINICAL ISSUES 781
SELECTED REFERENCES 781
Chapter 199. Maffucci Syndrome 784
Chapter 200. Chondrodysplasia Punctata 785
Chapter 201. Cleidocranial Dysplasia 786
Chapter 202. Caffey Disease 787
Chapter 203. Fong Disease (Nail Patella Syndrome) 788
TERMINOLOGY 789
IMAGING 789
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 789
PATHOLOGY 789
CLINICAL ISSUES 789
SELECTED REFERENCES 789
Sclerosing Dysplasias 790
Chapter 204. Melorheostosis 790
TERMINOLOGY 791
IMAGING 791
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 791
PATHOLOGY 791
CLINICAL ISSUES 791
SELECTED REFERENCES 791
Chapter 205. Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia 794
TERMINOLOGY 795
IMAGING 795
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 795
PATHOLOGY 795
CLINICAL ISSUES 795
SELECTED REFERENCES 795
Chapter 206. Osteopetrosis 798
TERMINOLOGY 799
IMAGING 799
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 800
PATHOLOGY 800
CLINICAL ISSUES 800
SELECTED REFERENCES 800
Chapter 207. Pycnodysostosis 804
TERMINOLOGY 805
IMAGING 805
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 805
PATHOLOGY 805
CLINICAL ISSUES 805
SELECTED REFERENCES 805
Chapter 208. Osteitis Condensans 808
TERMINOLOGY 809
IMAGING 809
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 809
PATHOLOGY 809
CLINICAL ISSUES 809
SELECTED REFERENCES 809
Chapter 209. Osteitis Pubis: Non-Traumatic Origin 810
TERMINOLOGY 811
IMAGING 811
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 811
PATHOLOGY 811
CLINICAL ISSUES 811
SELECTED REFERENCES 811
Chapter 210. Intramedullary Osteosclerosis 812
Chapter 211. Other Sclerosing Conditions of Bone 813
SECTION 6:\rSystemic Diseases With MSK Involvement 815
General 816
Chapter 212. Complications of Paraplegia 816
TERMINOLOGY 817
IMAGING 817
SELECTED REFERENCES 817
Chapter 213. Acroosteolysis 820
TERMINOLOGY 821
IMAGING 821
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 821
PATHOLOGY 821
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 821
SELECTED REFERENCES 821
Chapter 214. Sickle Cell Anemia 824
TERMINOLOGY 825
IMAGING 825
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 826
PATHOLOGY 826
CLINICAL ISSUES 826
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 826
SELECTED REFERENCES 826
Chapter 215. Thalassemia 830
TERMINOLOGY 831
IMAGING 831
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 832
PATHOLOGY 832
CLINICAL ISSUES 832
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 832
SELECTED REFERENCES 832
Chapter 216. Myelofibrosis 836
TERMINOLOGY 837
IMAGING 837
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 837
PATHOLOGY 837
CLINICAL ISSUES 837
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 837
SELECTED REFERENCES 837
Chapter 217. Hemophilia 840
TERMINOLOGY 841
IMAGING 841
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 842
PATHOLOGY 842
CLINICAL ISSUES 842
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 842
SELECTED REFERENCES 842
Chapter 218. Diabetes 846
TERMINOLOGY 847
IMAGING 847
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 848
PATHOLOGY 848
CLINICAL ISSUES 848
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 848
SELECTED REFERENCES 848
Chapter 219. HIV-AIDS 852
TERMINOLOGY 853
IMAGING 853
PATHOLOGY 853
CLINICAL ISSUES 853
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 854
SELECTED REFERENCES 854
Chapter 220. Sarcoidosis: Bone 858
TERMINOLOGY 859
IMAGING 859
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 859
PATHOLOGY 860
CLINICAL ISSUES 860
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 860
SELECTED REFERENCES 860
Chapter 221. Sarcoidosis: Muscle 862
TERMINOLOGY 863
IMAGING 863
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 863
PATHOLOGY 863
CLINICAL ISSUES 863
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 863
SELECTED REFERENCES 863
Chapter 222. Sarcoidosis: Joint 864
Chapter 223. Sarcoidosis: Soft Tissue 865
Chapter 224. Mastocytosis 866
TERMINOLOGY 867
IMAGING 867
CLINICAL ISSUES 867
SELECTED REFERENCES 867
Chapter 225. Tuberous Sclerosis 868
TERMINOLOGY 869
IMAGING 869
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 869
PATHOLOGY 869
CLINICAL ISSUES 869
SELECTED REFERENCES 869
Storage Disorders 872
Chapter 226. Gaucher Disease 872
TERMINOLOGY 873
IMAGING 873
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 873
PATHOLOGY 873
CLINICAL ISSUES 873
SELECTED REFERENCES 873
Chapter 227. Mucopolysaccharidoses 876
TERMINOLOGY 877
IMAGING 877
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 877
PATHOLOGY 877
CLINICAL ISSUES 877
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 877
SELECTED REFERENCES 877
Chapter 228. Erdheim-Chester Disease 878
TERMINOLOGY 879
IMAGING 879
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 879
PATHOLOGY 879
CLINICAL ISSUES 879
SELECTED REFERENCES 879
Connective Tissue Disorders 880
Chapter 229. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 880
TERMINOLOGY 881
IMAGING 881
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 881
PATHOLOGY 882
CLINICAL ISSUES 882
SELECTED REFERENCES 882
Chapter 230. Progressive Systemic Sclerosis 884
TERMINOLOGY 885
IMAGING 885
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 885
PATHOLOGY 885
CLINICAL ISSUES 886
SELECTED REFERENCES 886
Chapter 231. Inflammatory Myopathy 888
TERMINOLOGY 889
IMAGING 889
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 889
PATHOLOGY 890
CLINICAL ISSUES 890
SELECTED REFERENCES 890
Chapter 232. Overlap Syndrome/Mixed Connective Tissue Disease 894
Connective Tissue Disorder With Arachnodactyly 895
Chapter 233. Homocystinuria 895
Chapter 234. Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome 896
TERMINOLOGY 897
IMAGING 897
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 897
PATHOLOGY 897
CLINICAL ISSUES 897
SELECTED REFERENCES 897
Soft Tissue Disorders 898
Chapter 235. Denervation Hypertrophy 898
TERMINOLOGY 899
IMAGING 899
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 899
PATHOLOGY 899
CLINICAL ISSUES 899
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 899
SELECTED REFERENCES 899
Vascular 900
Chapter 236. Embolic Disease 900
Chapter 237. Meningococcemia 901
SECTION 7:\rOrthopedic Implants or Arthrodesis 903
Arthroplasties and Arthrodesis 904
Chapter 238. Introduction to Arthroplasties 904
Introduction: Arthroplasty Terminology 904
Initial Placement of Components 904
Implant Fracture 904
Dislocation 904
Stress Shielding 904
Infection 904
Loosening 905
Component Wear 905
Particle Disease 905
Periprosthetic Fracture 906
Imaging Recommendations 906
Conclusion 906
Selected References 906
Chapter 239. Hip Implant 912
TERMINOLOGY 913
IMAGING 913
PATHOLOGY 914
CLINICAL ISSUES 914
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 914
SELECTED REFERENCES 914
Chapter 240. Revision Arthroplasty 918
TERMINOLOGY 919
IMAGING 919
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 919
CLINICAL ISSUES 919
SELECTED REFERENCES 919
Chapter 241. Knee Implant 922
TERMINOLOGY 923
IMAGING 923
CLINICAL ISSUES 923
SELECTED REFERENCES 923
Chapter 242. Shoulder Implant 928
TERMINOLOGY 929
IMAGING 929
SELECTED REFERENCES 929
Chapter 243. Elbow Implant 932
TERMINOLOGY 933
IMAGING 933
PATHOLOGY 933
CLINICAL ISSUES 933
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 933
SELECTED REFERENCES 933
Chapter 244. Ankle Implant 934
TERMINOLOGY 935
IMAGING 935
CLINICAL ISSUES 935
SELECTED REFERENCES 935
Chapter 245. Ankle Arthrodesis 936
TERMINOLOGY 937
IMAGING 937
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 937
CLINICAL ISSUES 937
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 937
SELECTED REFERENCES 937
Chapter 246. Small Joint Implants and Arthrodesis: Hand and Toes 938
TERMINOLOGY 939
IMAGING 939
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 940
PATHOLOGY 940
CLINICAL ISSUES 940
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 940
SELECTED REFERENCES 940
Internal Fixation 944
Chapter 247. Hallux Valgus Corrections 944
TERMINOLOGY 945
IMAGING 945
PATHOLOGY 945
CLINICAL ISSUES 945
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 945
SELECTED REFERENCES 945
Chapter 248. Intramedullary Rod/Nail 946
TERMINOLOGY 947
IMAGING 947
CLINICAL ISSUES 947
SELECTED REFERENCES 947
Chapter 249. Plate Fixation 950
TERMINOLOGY 951
IMAGING 951
PATHOLOGY 951
SELECTED REFERENCES 951
Chapter 250. Screw Fixation 954
TERMINOLOGY 955
IMAGING 956
CLINICAL ISSUES 956
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 956
SELECTED REFERENCES 956
Chapter 251. Cement and Bone Fillers 960
TERMINOLOGY 961
IMAGING 962
PATHOLOGY 962
CLINICAL ISSUES 962
SELECTED REFERENCES 962
Chapter 252. Wire/Cerclage/Cable Fixation 966
Chapter 253. Anchoring Devices 967
SECTION 8:\rInfection 969
Osteomyelitis 970
Chapter 254. Acute Osteomyelitis: Child 970
TERMINOLOGY 971
IMAGING 971
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 971
PATHOLOGY 971
CLINICAL ISSUES 971
SELECTED REFERENCES 971
Chapter 255. Acute Osteomyelitis: Adult 974
IMAGING 975
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 976
PATHOLOGY 976
CLINICAL ISSUES 976
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 976
SELECTED REFERENCES 976
Chapter 256. Spinal Infections 980
TERMINOLOGY 981
IMAGING 981
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 982
PATHOLOGY 982
CLINICAL ISSUES 982
SELECTED REFERENCES 982
Chapter 257. Chronic Osteomyelitis 986
TERMINOLOGY 987
IMAGING 987
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 987
PATHOLOGY 987
CLINICAL ISSUES 987
SELECTED REFERENCES 987
Soft Tissue and Joints 990
Chapter 258. Septic Arthritis 990
TERMINOLOGY 991
IMAGING 991
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 992
PATHOLOGY 992
CLINICAL ISSUES 992
SELECTED REFERENCES 992
Chapter 259. Infectious Tenosynovitis 996
Chapter 260. Infectious Bursitis 997
Chapter 261. Soft Tissue Infection 998
TERMINOLOGY 999
IMAGING 999
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 999
CLINICAL ISSUES 999
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 999
SELECTED REFERENCES 999
Chapter 262. Necrotizing Fasciitis 1002
TERMINOLOGY 1003
IMAGING 1003
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1003
PATHOLOGY 1003
CLINICAL ISSUES 1003
SELECTED REFERENCES 1003
Specific Pathogens 1004
Chapter 263. Tuberculosis 1004
TERMINOLOGY 1005
IMAGING 1005
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1006
PATHOLOGY 1006
CLINICAL ISSUES 1006
SELECTED REFERENCES 1006
Chapter 264. Fungal Infection 1010
Chapter 265. Brucellosis 1011
Chapter 266. Madura Foot 1012
Chapter 267. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 1013
Chapter 268. Leprosy 1014
Chapter 269. Syphilis 1015
Chapter 270. Polio 1016
Chapter 271. Parasitic Infection 1017
Conditions of Unknown Etiology 1018
Chapter 272. SAPHO 1018
Chapter 273. Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis 1019
SECTION 9:\rBone Marrow 1021
Distribution Pattern 1022
Chapter 274. Marrow Distribution: Normal 1022
TERMINOLOGY 1023
IMAGING 1023
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1024
PATHOLOGY 1024
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 1024
SELECTED REFERENCES 1024
Chapter 275. Increased or Decreased Marrow Cellularity 1026
TERMINOLOGY 1027
IMAGING 1027
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1028
PATHOLOGY 1028
CLINICAL ISSUES 1028
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 1028
SELECTED REFERENCES 1028
Chapter 276. Diffuse Marrow Infiltration and Replacement 1032
TERMINOLOGY 1033
IMAGING 1033
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1034
CLINICAL ISSUES 1034
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 1034
SELECTED REFERENCES 1034
Chapter 277. Focal Marrow Infiltration and Replacement 1038
TERMINOLOGY 1039
IMAGING 1039
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1040
PATHOLOGY 1040
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 1040
SELECTED REFERENCES 1040
SECTION 10:\rBone Marrow Edema and Necrosis 1043
Introduction and Overview 1044
Chapter 278. Introduction to Osteonecrosis 1044
Terminology 1044
Anatomy-Based Imaging Issues 1044
Pathologic Issues 1044
Pathology-Based Imaging Issues 1045
Imaging Protocols 1045
Clinical Implications 1045
Differential Diagnosis 1045
Selected References 1045
Bone Marrow Edema 1048
Chapter 279. Transient Bone Marrow Edema and Regional Migratory Osteoporosis 1048
TERMINOLOGY 1049
IMAGING 1049
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1049
PATHOLOGY 1049
CLINICAL ISSUES 1049
SELECTED REFERENCES 1049
Osteonecrosis 1050
Chapter 280. Bone Infarct 1050
TERMINOLOGY 1051
IMAGING 1051
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1051
PATHOLOGY 1051
CLINICAL ISSUES 1051
SELECTED REFERENCES 1051
Chapter 281. Osteonecrosis of Hip 1054
TERMINOLOGY 1055
IMAGING 1055
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1055
PATHOLOGY 1055
CLINICAL ISSUES 1056
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 1056
SELECTED REFERENCES 1056
Chapter 282. Osteonecrosis of Shoulder 1060
Chapter 283. Osteonecrosis of Knee 1061
Chapter 284. Osteonecrosis of Wrist 1062
TERMINOLOGY 1063
IMAGING 1063
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1063
PATHOLOGY 1063
CLINICAL ISSUES 1063
SELECTED REFERENCES 1063
Chapter 285. Osteonecrosis of Ankle and Foot 1066
TERMINOLOGY 1067
IMAGING 1067
PATHOLOGY 1067
CLINICAL ISSUES 1067
SELECTED REFERENCES 1067
Chapter 286. Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease 1070
TERMINOLOGY 1071
IMAGING 1071
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1071
PATHOLOGY 1072
CLINICAL ISSUES 1072
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 1072
SELECTED REFERENCES 1072
SECTION 11:\rMetabolic Bone Disease 1077
Introduction and Overview 1078
Chapter 287. Introduction to Metabolic Bone Disease 1078
General Comments 1078
Bone Metabolism: The Players 1078
Pathologic Issues 1078
Imaging Protocols 1079
Pathology-Based Imaging Issues 1079
Selected References 1079
Diseases of Calcium Homeostasis 1084
Chapter 288. Hyperparathyroidism 1084
TERMINOLOGY 1085
IMAGING 1085
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1086
PATHOLOGY 1086
CLINICAL ISSUES 1086
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 1086
SELECTED REFERENCES 1086
Chapter 289. Osteomalacia and Rickets 1090
TERMINOLOGY 1091
IMAGING 1091
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1091
PATHOLOGY 1091
CLINICAL ISSUES 1091
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 1091
SELECTED REFERENCES 1091
Chapter 290. Renal Osteodystrophy 1094
TERMINOLOGY 1095
IMAGING 1095
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1096
PATHOLOGY 1096
CLINICAL ISSUES 1096
SELECTED REFERENCES 1096
Chapter 291. Dialysis-Related Disease, Metastatic Calcification 1100
Chapter 292. Dialysis-Related Disease, Spondyloarthropathy 1101
Chapter 293. Hypoparathyroidism, Pseudo- and Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism 1102
TERMINOLOGY 1103
IMAGING 1103
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1103
PATHOLOGY 1103
CLINICAL ISSUES 1103
SELECTED REFERENCES 1103
Osteoporosis 1104
Chapter 294. Primary Osteoporosis 1104
TERMINOLOGY 1105
IMAGING 1105
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1106
PATHOLOGY 1106
CLINICAL ISSUES 1106
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 1106
SELECTED REFERENCES 1106
Chapter 295. Disuse Osteoporosis 1108
Chapter 296. Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis 1109
Chapter 297. Anorexia 1110
Chapter 298. Osteoporosis: Other Causes 1111
Pituitary Disorders 1112
Chapter 299. Pituitary Disorders: Acromegaly and Growth Hormone Deficiency 1112
TERMINOLOGY 1113
IMAGING 1113
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1113
PATHOLOGY 1113
CLINICAL ISSUES 1113
SELECTED REFERENCES 1113
Thyroid Disease 1114
Chapter 300. Hypothyroidism and Cretinism 1114
TERMINOLOGY 1115
IMAGING 1115
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1115
PATHOLOGY 1115
CLINICAL ISSUES 1115
SELECTED REFERENCES 1115
Chapter 301. Hyperthyroidism 1116
Chapter 302. Thyroid Acropachy 1117
Miscellaneous Metabolic Conditions 1118
Chapter 303. Hypophosphatasia 1118
IMAGING 1119
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1119
PATHOLOGY 1119
CLINICAL ISSUES 1119
SELECTED REFERENCES 1119
Chapter 304. Cushing Syndrome 1120
Chapter 305. Tumoral (Idiopathic) Calcinosis 1121
SECTION 12:\rDrug-Induced and Nutritional MSK Conditions 1123
Drug-Induced Conditions 1124
Chapter 306. Steroids: Complications 1124
Chapter 307. Alcohol: Complications 1125
Chapter 308. Vitamin A: Complications 1126
Chapter 309. Vitamin D: Complications 1127
Chapter 310. Fluoride: Complications 1128
Chapter 311. Retinoid-Associated Osteoarthritis 1129
Chapter 312. Lead Poisoning 1130
Chapter 313. Warfarin (Coumadin): Complications 1131
Chapter 314. Voriconazole: Complications 1132
Chapter 315. Bisphosphonates: Complications 1133
Chapter 316. Fluoroquinolone Tendinopathy 1134
Nutritional Deficiency 1135
Chapter 317. Scurvy 1135
INDEX I-i