BOOK
Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, An Issue of Nursing Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Nurses are challenged to understand the scientific bases of psychiatric disorders and treatment implications that modify behavior and improve functional status and quality of life for clients and their significant others. This challenge extends to integration of scientific knowledge into the biological, functional, and psychosocial distress experienced by persons with mental disorders. The primary strength of this issue is its broad focus and synthesis of scientific knowledge into psychiatric mental health practice. The initial section centers on technological advances and the art of psychiatric mental health nursing and legal considerations when caring for persons with mental disorders. The following section provides discussions of various psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and mood disorders, acute psychosis, attention deficit disorders, substance-related disorders, eating disorders, and borderline personality disorder. The remaining section focuses on special populations and treatment concerning children and adolescents and families in crisis, geriatric emergencies, adverse drug reactions, and suicide. Each article integrates innovative treatment modalities, including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic interventions such as psychoeducation, family involvement, and psychosocial rehabilitation. This issue will provide timely updates in these areas and be a go-to source for mental health and psychiatric nurses.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Psychiatric Mental HealthNursing: An Update\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Foreword: Patients with Mental Health Issues Transcend Centralized Care Settings\r | v | ||
| Preface: Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Update\r | v | ||
| Technological Advances in Psychiatric Nursing: An update\r | v | ||
| Legal Considerations of Psychiatric Nursing Practice\r | v | ||
| Caring for the Patient with an Anxiety Disorder\r | v | ||
| Assessing and Treating the Patient with Acute Psychotic Disorders\r | vi | ||
| Treatment Approaches to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder\r | vi | ||
| Nursing Care Considerations for the Hospitalized Patient with an Eating Disorder\r | vi | ||
| Dual Diagnosis: Coexisting Substance Use Disorders and Psychiatric Disorders\r | vi | ||
| Evidenced-Based Care of Adolescents and Families in Crisis\r | vii | ||
| Managing the Care of the Older Patient with Delirium and Dementia\r | vii | ||
| Suicide: Across the Life Span\r | vii | ||
| Psychosocial Recovery and Rehabilitation\r | vii | ||
| Evidence-Based Care of the Patient with Borderline Personality Disorder\r | viii | ||
| Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Mood Stabilizers, and Stimulants\r | viii | ||
| Caring for Trauma Survivors\r | viii | ||
| Contemporary Treatment Approaches to Major Depression and Bipolar Disorders\r | ix | ||
| Foreword:\rPatients with Mental Health Issues Transcend Centralized Care Settings | xi | ||
| REFERENCES | xii | ||
| Preface:\rPsychiatric Mental Health Nursing: An Update | xiii | ||
| Technological Advances in Psychiatric Nursing | 151 | ||
| Key points | 151 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 151 | ||
| UPDATE ON TECHNOLOGIES DESCRIBED IN THE ORIGINAL ARTICLE | 152 | ||
| Brain Scans/Imaging Technologies | 152 | ||
| Alternative Treatments/Biofeedback | 153 | ||
| Genetics and Medications | 153 | ||
| APPLICATIONS FOR COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES | 154 | ||
| Internet-Based Treatment | 155 | ||
| Telecommunications in Psychiatry | 156 | ||
| Health Information Technology | 156 | ||
| RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSING AND TECHNOLOGY IN MENTAL HEALTH CARE AND TREATMENT | 157 | ||
| SUMMARY | 159 | ||
| REFERENCES | 159 | ||
| Legal Considerations of Psychiatric Nursing Practice | 161 | ||
| Key points | 161 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 161 | ||
| STANDARDS FOR LEGAL PSYCHIATRIC NURSING PRACTICE | 162 | ||
| PATIENT RIGHTS AND NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES | 162 | ||
| Least Restrictive Alternative: Seclusion and Restraint | 162 | ||
| Right to Refuse Treatment | 163 | ||
| Confidentiality | 163 | ||
| Duty to Protect | 164 | ||
| Mandated Reporting | 164 | ||
| Informed Consent | 165 | ||
| Treatment of Minors | 165 | ||
| Documentation | 165 | ||
| Supervision and Safety | 165 | ||
| Suicide Risk Assessment | 166 | ||
| FORENSIC PSYCHIATRIC ISSUES (PERTAINING TO THE COURT SYSTEM) | 166 | ||
| Civil Commitment Process | 166 | ||
| Competency | 167 | ||
| Insanity Defense | 167 | ||
| LEGAL TRENDS | 167 | ||
| Legal Issues in Advanced Practice | 167 | ||
| Liability Risks | 168 | ||
| Gun Laws and Mental Illness | 168 | ||
| Criminal Justice System and Mental Illness | 169 | ||
| Mental Health Courts | 169 | ||
| Disaster Nursing | 169 | ||
| SUMMARY | 169 | ||
| REFERENCES | 170 | ||
| Caring for the Patient with an Anxiety Disorder | 173 | ||
| Key points | 173 | ||
| ECONOMIC AND PERSONAL COSTS OF ANXIETY DISORDERS | 174 | ||
| CAUSES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS | 174 | ||
| SPECIFIC ANXIETY DISORDERS | 175 | ||
| Panic Disorder | 175 | ||
| Agoraphobia | 176 | ||
| Treatment Considerations | 176 | ||
| Provide health education | 177 | ||
| Minimize avoidant behaviors | 177 | ||
| Challenge distorted cognitions (same as suppressing avoidant behaviors) | 177 | ||
| Provide long-term monitoring | 177 | ||
| Assess for coexisting disorders, such as depression and substance use disorders | 177 | ||
| Use technologies to increase access | 178 | ||
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 178 | ||
| Treatment Considerations | 178 | ||
| Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) | 179 | ||
| Assessing and Treating the Patient with Acute Psychotic Disorders | 185 | ||
| Key points | 185 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 185 | ||
| DEFINITIONS | 186 | ||
| BEHAVIOR DISTURBANCES | 187 | ||
| Case Example | 187 | ||
| ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS | 187 | ||
| Brief Psychotic Episode | 188 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 188 | ||
| Bipolar Disorder, Manic Phase | 188 | ||
| Schizoaffective Disorder | 188 | ||
| Psychotic Disorder Caused by Another Medical Condition | 188 | ||
| Acute Intoxication | 189 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 189 | ||
| TREATMENT AND INTERVENTIONS | 190 | ||
| Safety | 191 | ||
| Therapeutic Alliance | 191 | ||
| Case Example | 191 | ||
| Provision of a Calm Environment | 192 | ||
| Use of Medications | 192 | ||
| Verbal De-Escalation | 194 | ||
| Seclusion and Restraint | 194 | ||
| Debriefing Staff Members | 195 | ||
| SUMMARY | 195 | ||
| REFERENCES | 196 | ||
| Treatment Approaches to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | 199 | ||
| Key points | 199 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 199 | ||
| CORE FEATURES | 200 | ||
| CAUSATIVE FACTORS | 201 | ||
| Neurochemical and Neuroanatomical | 201 | ||
| Genetics | 201 | ||
| Environmental | 201 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT, AND EVALUATION | 202 | ||
| COURSE OF ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER | 203 | ||
| TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS | 204 | ||
| PHARMACOTHERAPY | 205 | ||
| Psychostimulants | 205 | ||
| Nonstimulants | 206 | ||
| PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS | 206 | ||
| PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS | 206 | ||
| BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS AND PSYCHOEDUCATION | 207 | ||
| Group-Based and Parenting Classes | 208 | ||
| CLASS-BASED BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS | 208 | ||
| SUMMARY | 208 | ||
| REFERENCES | 209 | ||
| Nursing Care Considerations for the Hospitalized Patient with an Eating Disorder | 213 | ||
| Key points | 213 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 213 | ||
| CAUSES | 214 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA | 214 | ||
| Anorexia Nervosa | 214 | ||
| Bulimia Nervosa | 214 | ||
| Other Eating and Feeding Disorders | 214 | ||
| COMORBID DISORDERS | 215 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 215 | ||
| INPATIENT NURSING CARE | 215 | ||
| Therapeutic Relationship | 215 | ||
| Nurse | 215 | ||
| Patient | 216 | ||
| NURSING PLAN OF CARE | 216 | ||
| Key Areas of Assessment | 216 | ||
| Chief Complaint | 216 | ||
| Mental Status | 216 | ||
| Developmental and Social History | 217 | ||
| Family History and Functioning | 217 | ||
| Medical History and Current Medical Problems | 217 | ||
| Psychiatric Treatment History | 217 | ||
| Eating Patterns and Compensatory Behaviors | 217 | ||
| Other Core Eating Disorder Symptoms | 219 | ||
| Self-esteem, body image, and cognitive disturbances | 219 | ||
| Body weight | 219 | ||
| Menstrual cycle | 220 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses, Desired Outcomes, Goals, and Interventions | 220 | ||
| Aims of Hospitalization | 220 | ||
| Targeted Interventions | 220 | ||
| Cognitive disturbances | 220 | ||
| Nutritional requirements, meal patterns, and body weight | 220 | ||
| Exercise | 230 | ||
| Medications | 230 | ||
| Milieu | 230 | ||
| Discharge Planning | 230 | ||
| SUMMARY | 231 | ||
| REFERENCES | 231 | ||
| Dual Diagnosis | 237 | ||
| Key points | 237 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 237 | ||
| PREVALENCE | 238 | ||
| INTEGRATED SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS | 239 | ||
| Integrated Screening and Assessment | 239 | ||
| Making a Diagnosis | 240 | ||
| TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS | 241 | ||
| Dual Diagnosis Treatment Modalities | 241 | ||
| Pharmacologic Interventions | 243 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Interventions | 243 | ||
| SUMMARY | 245 | ||
| REFERENCES | 245 | ||
| Evidenced-Based Care of Adolescents and Families in Crisis | 249 | ||
| Key points | 249 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 249 | ||
| CRISES | 250 | ||
| RISKS AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS | 250 | ||
| HIGH RISK FACTORS | 251 | ||
| Mental Illness | 251 | ||
| Sexuality | 252 | ||
| Substance Use | 252 | ||
| Technology and Media | 253 | ||
| Violence | 254 | ||
| Family | 254 | ||
| CRISIS INTERVENTION | 255 | ||
| CRISIS INTERVENTION, THE NURSING PROCESS, AND ROBERT’S SEVEN-STAGE MODEL | 255 | ||
| Assessment | 257 | ||
| Stage 1: assessing lethality | 257 | ||
| Stage 2: establishing rapport and communication | 257 | ||
| Stage 3: identifying major problems | 257 | ||
| Stage 4: dealing with feelings and emotions | 257 | ||
| Planning | 258 | ||
| Stage 5: explore and generate alternatives | 258 | ||
| Implementation | 258 | ||
| Stage 6: formulating an action plan | 258 | ||
| Evaluation | 258 | ||
| Stage 7: termination and follow-up | 258 | ||
| SUMMARY | 259 | ||
| REFERENCES | 259 | ||
| Managing the Care of the Older Patient with Delirium and Dementia | 261 | ||
| Key points | 261 | ||
| PREVALENCE AND COST OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS | 262 | ||
| DELIRIUM | 262 | ||
| Definition and Clinical Features | 262 | ||
| Causative Factors | 264 | ||
| Acute Management | 265 | ||
| Assessment and Diagnosis | 265 | ||
| Interventions | 265 | ||
| Evaluation | 266 | ||
| DEMENTIA | 267 | ||
| Definition and Clinical Features | 267 | ||
| Causative Factors | 268 | ||
| Acute Management of Behavioral and Psychiatric Symptoms | 268 | ||
| Assessment and Diagnosis | 268 | ||
| Interventions | 269 | ||
| Evaluation | 270 | ||
| SUMMARY | 270 | ||
| REFERENCES | 270 | ||
| Suicide | 275 | ||
| Key points | 275 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 275 | ||
| NEUROBIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SUICIDE | 276 | ||
| NEUROBIOLOGY OF SUICIDE | 276 | ||
| CHANGES IN THE BRAIN AND NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS | 276 | ||
| PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SUICIDE | 276 | ||
| PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES | 277 | ||
| PSYCHOSOCIAL INFLUENCES | 277 | ||
| ASSESSING PROTECTIVE FACTORS | 277 | ||
| HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS | 277 | ||
| Older Adults | 277 | ||
| Psychosocial factors | 278 | ||
| TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS | 278 | ||
| Older Adults | 278 | ||
| Youth | 279 | ||
| Psychological considerations | 279 | ||
| Psychosocial considerations | 280 | ||
| Sexual Minorities | 280 | ||
| TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS | 280 | ||
| NURSING IMPLICATIONS AND TREATMENT | 280 | ||
| Nurse Patient Relationship | 280 | ||
| Therapeutic Communication Techniques | 281 | ||
| Assessment of Suicidal Patients | 282 | ||
| Assessing Suicide Risk | 282 | ||
| Suicide Contracts | 283 | ||
| SUMMARY | 284 | ||
| REFERENCES | 284 | ||
| Psychosocial Recovery and Rehabilitation | 287 | ||
| Key points | 287 | ||
| MAJOR COMPONENTS OF PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION AND MENTAL HEALTH RECOVERY | 289 | ||
| SYMPTOMATIC REMISSION | 289 | ||
| SELF-EFFICACY AND MANAGEMENT OF ILLNESS | 290 | ||
| PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS | 291 | ||
| Intensive Case Management | 291 | ||
| Social Cognition Training, Rehabilitation, and Recovery | 292 | ||
| Psychoeducation and Family Therapy | 293 | ||
| Supported Employment | 294 | ||
| SUMMARY | 295 | ||
| REFERENCES | 295 | ||
| Evidence-Based Care of the Patient with Borderline Personality Disorder | 299 | ||
| Key points | 299 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 299 | ||
| CAUSATIVE FACTORS | 300 | ||
| ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS | 300 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC AND PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS | 304 | ||
| Pharmacologic Interventions | 304 | ||
| Social Cognitive Disturbances | 305 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Interventions | 305 | ||
| SUMMARY | 306 | ||
| REFERENCES | 306 | ||
| Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Mood Stabilizers, and Stimulants | 309 | ||
| Key points | 309 | ||
| PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS | 310 | ||
| ANTIPSYCHOTIC OR NEUROLEPTIC AGENTS | 310 | ||
| First-generation (or Conventional) Antipsychotics | 311 | ||
| Movement disorders | 311 | ||
| Hyperprolactinemia | 312 | ||
| Second-generation (or Atypical) Antipsychotics | 312 | ||
| Adverse Drug Reactions and Side Effects that May Occur with First-generation Antipsychotics and Second-generation Antipsych ... | 313 | ||
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome | 313 | ||
| Corrected QT prolongation | 313 | ||
| LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | 314 | ||
| ANTIDEPRESSANTS | 314 | ||
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | 315 | ||
| Other Antidepressants | 315 | ||
| Serotonin Syndrome | 316 | ||
| Suicide Risk and Mania | 317 | ||
| Withdrawal | 317 | ||
| MOOD STABILIZERS | 317 | ||
| Lithium | 318 | ||
| Divalproex Sodium or Valproic Acid | 318 | ||
| Carbamazepine | 318 | ||
| Lamotrigine | 319 | ||
| STIMULANTS | 319 | ||
| SUMMARY | 320 | ||
| REFERENCES | 320 | ||
| Caring for Trauma Survivors | 323 | ||
| Key points | 323 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 323 | ||
| PREVALENCE | 323 | ||
| CAUSES OF TRAUMA AND STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS | 324 | ||
| CORE FEATURES OF TRAUMA AND STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS | 325 | ||
| TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE | 325 | ||
| TRAUMA SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT | 326 | ||
| Trauma Awareness | 327 | ||
| Emphasize Safety | 328 | ||
| Strength-Based Care: Respect the Survivor’s Input and Concerns in All Aspects of Care | 328 | ||
| Offer Opportunities to Reclaim Control | 329 | ||
| TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR TRAUMA AND STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS | 330 | ||
| SUMMARY | 331 | ||
| REFERENCES | 331 | ||
| Contemporary Treatment Approaches to Major Depression and Bipolar Disorders | 335 | ||
| Key points | 335 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 335 | ||
| Prevalence | 336 | ||
| CAUSES OF MOOD DISORDERS | 337 | ||
| Unipolar Depression | 337 | ||
| Bipolar Disorders | 338 | ||
| Medical Assessment | 338 | ||
| Biopsychosocial Assessment | 338 | ||
| Mental Status Examination | 339 | ||
| Suicide Risk Assessment | 340 | ||
| Documentation | 340 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 341 | ||
| Major Depressive Disorder (Unipolar Depression) | 341 | ||
| Persistent Depressive Disorder | 342 | ||
| Postpartum Depression | 342 | ||
| Seasonal Affective Disorder | 342 | ||
| TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION (MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER) | 343 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Interventions | 345 | ||
| Other Somatic Therapies | 345 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies | 346 | ||
| Bipolar Disorders | 346 | ||
| Bipolar I Disorder | 346 | ||
| Bipolar II Disorder | 347 | ||
| Pharmacologic Interventions | 347 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Interventions | 348 | ||
| SUMMARY | 349 | ||
| REFERENCES | 349 | ||
| Index | 353 |