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Diagnostic Radiology, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, E-Book

Diagnostic Radiology, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, E-Book

Angela J. Marolf

(2016)

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Book Details

Abstract

This issue, guest edited by Angela Marolf, focuses on small animal Veterinary Diagnositc Radiology. Articles include: Ultrasound Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System, CT Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System, MRI Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System, Ultrasound of the Hepatobiliary System and Pancreas , CT and MRI Imaging of the Hepatobiliary System and Pancreas, CT Imaging in Oncology, PET/CT Imaging, and more!

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Diagnostic Radiology i
Copyright\r ii
Contributors iii
EDITOR iii
AUTHORS iii
Contents v
Preface: Diagnostic Radiologyix v
Ultrasound Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System355 v
Computed Tomography of the Musculoskeletal System373 v
Musculoskeletal MRI421 v
Ultrasound Imaging of the Hepatobiliary System and Pancreas453 v
Computed Tomography and MRI of the Hepatobiliary System and Pancreas481 vi
Computed Tomography Imaging in Oncology499 vi
PET-Computed Tomography in Veterinary Medicine515 vi
Interventional Radiology: Equipment and Techniques535 vi
Interventional Oncology553 vii
Interventional Radiology of the Urinary Tract567 vii
VETERINARY CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA: SMALL\rANIMAL PRACTICE\r viii
FORTHCOMING ISSUES viii
July 2016 viii
September 2016 viii
November 2016 viii
RECENT ISSUES viii
March 2016 viii
January 2016 viii
November 2015 viii
Preface\rDiagnostic Radiology\r ix
Ultrasound Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System 355
Key points 355
TECHNIQUE AND EQUIPMENT 356
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ANATOMY 356
SHOULDER 359
STIFLE 363
GASTROCNEMIUS 365
ILIOPSOAS/HIP 367
MISCELLANEOUS MUSCULOSKELETAL STRUCTURES 368
SUMMARY 368
REFERENCES 369
Computed Tomography of the Musculoskeletal System 373
Key points 373
INTRODUCTION 373
APPLICATIONS 376
Shoulder 376
Elbow 382
Carpus, Manus, and Pes 391
Coxofemoral Joints 395
Stifle 399
Tarsus 403
Oncology Applications 404
Feline Musculoskeletal Diseases 407
Other 408
PEARLS, PITFALLS, AND VARIANTS 411
WHAT THE REFERRING VETERINARIAN NEEDS TO KNOW 411
SUMMARY 413
REFERENCES 413
Musculoskeletal MRI 421
Key points 421
SHOULDER JOINT 422
Osteochondrosis 424
Supraspinatus Trauma 424
Bicipital Tenosynovitis 426
Infectious 429
Neoplasia 429
ELBOW JOINT 431
Dysplasia 434
Joint Osteoarthrosis and Trauma 434
Neoplasia 436
STIFLE JOINT 438
Partial Cranial Cruciate Ligament Tear 439
Menisci 441
Neoplasia 441
CARPUS 443
Trauma 444
Infectious 445
TARSUS 446
Osteochondrosis 446
Trauma 450
Neoplasia 450
SUMMARY 450
REFERENCES 450
Ultrasound Imaging of the Hepatobiliary System and Pancreas 453
Key points 453
INTRODUCTION 453
Normal Ultrasound Appearance of the Liver 453
Normal Ultrasound Appearance of the Gallbladder and Bile Duct 455
Ultrasound Appearance of the Abnormal Liver 455
Diffuse disease 455
Decreased hepatic echogenicity 457
Focal disease 458
Ultrasound Appearance of Biliary Disease 461
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation of the Liver 465
Elastography 467
PANCREAS 467
Anatomy 467
Normal Appearance 469
Ultrasound Appearance of Pancreatic Disease 469
Acute Pancreatitis: Canine 469
Chronic Pancreatitis: Canine 470
Feline Pancreatitis 470
Pancreatic Edema 472
Focal Pancreatic Disease 472
Pancreatic pseudocyst 472
Pancreatic abscess 472
Pancreatic nodular hyperplasia 472
Pancreatic neoplasia 473
NEWER ULTRASOUND IMAGING TECHNIQUES 474
Endosonography 474
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound 474
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 475
REFERENCES 475
Computed Tomography and MRI of the Hepatobiliary System and Pancreas 481
Key points 481
INTRODUCTION 481
MRI AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE NORMAL HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM AND PANCREAS 482
ABNORMAL CONDITIONS OF THE HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM AND PANCREAS 485
Neoplasia of the Liver and Biliary Tract 485
Hepatic Lipidosis 487
Inflammation of the Liver and Biliary Tract 488
Neoplasia of the Pancreas 490
Inflammation of the Pancreas 490
Additional Inflammatory Pancreatic Changes 492
SUMMARY 494
REFERENCES 494
Computed Tomography Imaging in Oncology 499
Key points 499
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR CANCER STAGING: THORAX 499
Equipment and Technique 499
Pulmonary and Thoracic Masses 500
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR SURGICAL PLANNING: THORAX 500
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SIMULATION FOR RADIATION THERAPY PLANNING: THORAX 502
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR CANCER STAGING: HEAD AND NECK 503
Equipment and Technique 503
Nasal, Oral, and Skull Tumors 503
Neck Tumors 505
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR SURGICAL PLANNING: HEAD AND NECK 506
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SIMULATION FOR RADIATION THERAPY PLANNING: HEAD AND NECK 506
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR CANCER STAGING: ABDOMEN 506
Equipment and Technique 506
Abdominal Tumors 507
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR SURGICAL PLANNING: ABDOMEN 507
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SIMULATION FOR RADIATION THERAPY PLANNING: ABDOMEN 507
MISCELLANEOUS TUMORS 508
SUMMARY 508
REFERENCES 509
PET-Computed Tomography in Veterinary Medicine 515
Key points 515
INTRODUCTION 515
WHAT IS PET/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY? 515
WHAT RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS ARE USED IN PET/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY? 516
HOW IS A PET/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY ACQUIRED? 517
IMAGE PROCESSING 518
STANDARDIZED UPTAKE VALUE 519
WHAT INFORMATION DOES A PET/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY PROVIDE? 519
INITIAL DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING OF PATIENTS WITH CANCER 520
LYMPHOMA AND MAST CELL TUMORS 522
OSTEOSARCOMA 522
METASTASIS 522
QUESTIONABLE LESIONS 522
NON-NEOPLASTIC LESIONS 522
RADIATION TREATMENT PLANNING AND PET/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AVID TUMORS 524
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma 524
NASAL TUMORS 525
EVALUATING TREATMENT RESPONSE 526
FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE–PET/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 528
FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE–PET/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 529
SUMMARY 531
REFERENCES 531
Interventional Radiology 535
Key points 535
INTRODUCTION 535
EQUIPMENT 536
Fluoroscopy 536
Needles, Sheaths, Catheters, and Wires 538
Drainage Catheters 541
TECHNIQUES 541
Vascular Access – Venous 541
Vascular Access – Arterial 542
Biopsy, Snare, and Extraction Techniques 543
Targeted Therapeutics, Sclerosants, and Embolics 544
Coil or Device Occlusion 545
Balloon Dilation 546
Stents 548
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 551
REFERENCES 551
Interventional Oncology 553
Key points 553
OVERVIEW 553
ANATOMY 554
IMAGING DIAGNOSTICS 554
PATIENT SELECTION 554
PROCEDURES 555
Locoregional Therapies 555
Intra-arterial chemotherapy 555
Embolization/Chemoembolization 556
Ablation 558
Stenting of Malignant Obstructions 559
Fluid Drainage 561
REFERENCES 562
Interventional Radiology of the Urinary Tract 567
Key points 567
KIDNEY 568
Interventional Approach to Nephrolithiasis 568
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy 568
Endoscopic nephrolithotomy 569
Idiopathic Renal Hematuria 571
Sclerotherapy 571
Ureteroscopy 573
Intra-arterial Stem Cell Delivery for Chronic Kidney Disease/Protein-losing Nephropathy 573
URETER 574
Benign Ureteral Obstruction 577
Traditional ureteral surgery 577
Percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement 577
Subcutaneous ureteral bypass device in cats 578
Feline ureteral stenting 580
Canine ureteral stenting for benign disease 583
Canine malignant ureteral obstruction 585
Ureteral stenting 585
URINARY BLADDER AND URETHRA 587
Diagnostic Cystourethrography 587
Cystostomy Tube Placement for Various Causes of Urethral Obstruction 587
Antegrade Urethral Catheterization 590
Urethral Stenting for Urethral Obstructions 591
SUMMARY 592
REFERENCES 593
Index 597