BOOK
Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease Expert Consult - E-BOOK
James F. Zachary | M. Donald McGavin
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Diagnose and manage diseases using the newest information and research! Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease – Expert Consult, 6th Edition provides complete, illustrated coverage of both general pathology and the pathology of organ systems of domestic animals. Addressing species from dogs and cats to pigs and cattle — and many more — this reference describes the lesions and pathogeneses of diseases, how cells and tissues respond to injury, and the interplay of host defense mechanisms with microbes and injurious agents. Updates include the latest scientific advances and diagnostic information. Written by a team of expert contributors, this book includes an Expert Consult website with access to the complete digital book plus thousands of images and guidelines for sample acquisition and for performing a complete necropsy.
- Complete coverage of both general pathology and pathology of organ systems is provided in one convenient resource, and includes the latest information available.
- Over 20 recognized experts deliver the most relevant information for the practitioner, student, or individual preparing for the American College of Veterinary Pathology board examination.
- UPDATED content on cellular and organ system pathology includes the latest insights into the science of inflammation, healing, and molecular carcinogenesis, as well as expanded coverage of genetics and disease.
- Over 2,100 full-color illustrations include color schematics, flow charts, and diagrammatic representations of disease processes as well as summary tables and boxes, making it easier to understand difficult concepts.
- Clear, up-to-date explanations of disease mechanisms describe cell, tissue, and organ response to injury and infection.
- Easy-to-follow organization for each systemic disease chapter includes a brief review of basic principles related to anatomy, structure, and function, followed by congenital and functional abnormalities and discussions of infectious disease responses, helping you apply principles to veterinary practice.
- Expert Consult website provides the reader with the complete digital text plus: An image collection; guidelines for performing a complete, systematic necropsy and appropriate sample acquisition for all organ systems; a comprehensive glossary; and an appendix of photographic techniques in veterinary pathology.
- NEW line drawings and schematic diagrams depict current concepts about pathogeneses and lesions of veterinary diseases.
- NEW! Essential Concept boxes in each basic pathology chapter break down long and complicated topics, making it easier to understand lesions and pathogeneses in the ‘organ system’ chapters.
- NEW! Key Readings Index at the beginning of each chapter includes page numbers, making important information easy to locate.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| New to This Edition | vii | ||
| Acknowledgments | vii | ||
| 5th Edition | vii | ||
| 4th Edition | viii | ||
| 3rd Edition (as Thompson’s Special Veterinary Pathology) | viii | ||
| ExpertConsult Website | viii | ||
| About the Cover | viii | ||
| In Conclusion | ix | ||
| In Appreciation: Dr. M. Donald McGavin | x | ||
| Table Of Contents | xiii | ||
| I General Pathology | 1 | ||
| 1 Mechanisms and Morphology of Cellular Injury, Adaptation, and Death | 2 | ||
| Key Readings Index | 2 | ||
| E-Glossary 1-1 Glossary of Abbreviations and Terms | 2.e1 | ||
| Basic Terminology | 3 | ||
| The Normal Cell | 3 | ||
| Components of Normal Cells and Their Vulnerabilities | 3 | ||
| Cell Membranes (Cytocavitary System) | 3 | ||
| Second Messenger Systems. | 4 | ||
| Cytosol versus Cytoplasm | 5 | ||
| Nucleus | 5 | ||
| Nucleolus. | 6 | ||
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | 6 | ||
| Ribosomes. | 6 | ||
| Golgi Complex | 6 | ||
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | 6 | ||
| Mitochondria | 6 | ||
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | 7 | ||
| Vaults | 7 | ||
| Lysosomes and Peroxisomes | 7 | ||
| The Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubules | 7 | ||
| Cellular Inclusions | 8 | ||
| Intercellular Junctions and the Extracellular Matrix | 8 | ||
| Causes of Cell Injury | 8 | ||
| Oxygen Deficiency | 9 | ||
| Physical Agents | 9 | ||
| Infectious Microbes | 9 | ||
| Nutritional Imbalances | 9 | ||
| Genetic Derangement | 10 | ||
| Workload Imbalance | 10 | ||
| Chemicals, Drugs, and Toxins | 10 | ||
| Immunologic Dysfunction | 10 | ||
| Aging | 11 | ||
| Reversible Cell Injury | 11 | ||
| Acute Cell Swelling | 11 | ||
| Mechanisms of Acute Cell Swelling | 11 | ||
| Acute Cell Swelling Resulting from Hypoxic Injury | 12 | ||
| Acute Cell Swelling Resulting from Specific Types of Cell Membrane Injury | 12 | ||
| Carbon Tetrachloride and Cell Membrane Injury | 12 | ||
| Molecules of the Immune System and Cell Membrane Injury. | 12 | ||
| Morphologic Changes: Their Detection and Evaluation | 12 | ||
| Morphology of Acute Cell Swelling | 12 | ||
| Gross Appearance. | 12 | ||
| Microscopic Appearance. | 12 | ||
| Ultrastructural Appearance. | 13 | ||
| Significance and Fate of Acute Cell Swelling | 13 | ||
| Irreversible Cell Injury and Cell Death | 13 | ||
| Cell Death | 13 | ||
| Cell Death by Oncosis (Oncotic Necrosis) | 14 | ||
| Cell Membrane Injury Leading to Cell Death. | 16 | ||
| Free Radical Injury. | 16 | ||
| Morphologic Appearance of Necrotic Cells and Tissues (Oncotic Necrosis). | 16 | ||
| Gross Appearance of Necrotic Tissue. | 16 | ||
| Histologic Changes in Necrosis (Oncotic Necrosis). | 17 | ||
| Ultrastructure of Necrotic Cells (Oncotic Necrosis). | 17 | ||
| Types of Oncotic Necrosis. | 17 | ||
| Coagulative Necrosis. | 17 | ||
| Caseous Necrosis. | 18 | ||
| Liquefactive Necrosis. | 19 | ||
| Gangrenous Necrosis. | 19 | ||
| Necrosis of Epithelium. | 20 | ||
| Necrosis of Adipose Tissue (Fat Necrosis). | 20 | ||
| Sequelae to Oncotic Necrosis. | 20 | ||
| Morphologic Appearance of Postmortem Changes | 21 | ||
| Cell Death by Apoptosis | 21 | ||
| Triggers of Apoptosis. | 21 | ||
| The Extrinsic (Death Receptor–Initiated) Pathway. | 21 | ||
| The Intrinsic (Mitochondrial) Pathway. | 21 | ||
| The Execution Phase of Apoptosis. | 22 | ||
| Morphologic Appearance of Apoptosis. | 22 | ||
| Chronic Cell Injury and Cell Adaptations | 22 | ||
| Cellular Survival during Sublethal Ischemia or Involution | 23 | ||
| Autophagy | 23 | ||
| Adaptations That Change Cell Size, Number, or Appearance | 23 | ||
| Atrophy | 23 | ||
| Hypertrophy | 24 | ||
| Hyperplasia | 25 | ||
| Metaplasia | 25 | ||
| Dysplasia | 25 | ||
| Intracellular Accumulations | 25 | ||
| Lipids | 25 | ||
| Glycogen | 25 | ||
| Proteins | 26 | ||
| Defects in Protein Folding. | 26 | ||
| Other Intracellular Inclusions | 29 | ||
| Autophagic Vacuoles. | 29 | ||
| Crystalline Protein Inclusions. | 29 | ||
| Viral Inclusion Bodies. | 29 | ||
| Lead Inclusions. | 29 | ||
| Extracellular Accumulations | 30 | ||
| Hyaline Substances | 30 | ||
| Amyloid. | 30 | ||
| Classification and Localization of Amyloidosis. | 30 | ||
| Other Extracellular Accumulations | 31 | ||
| Fibrinoid Change. | 31 | ||
| Collagen (Fibrosis). | 32 | ||
| Fatty Infiltration. | 32 | ||
| Gout | 33 | ||
| Pseudogout | 33 | ||
| Cholesterol. | 33 | ||
| Pathologic Calcification | 33 | ||
| Dystrophic Calcification | 33 | ||
| Metastatic Calcification | 34 | ||
| Heterotopic Ossification | 35 | ||
| Pigments | 35 | ||
| Exogenous Pigmented Substances | 35 | ||
| Carbon and Other Dusts. | 35 | ||
| Carotenoid Pigments. | 35 | ||
| Tetracycline. | 35 | ||
| Nonhematogenous Endogenous Pigments | 36 | ||
| Melanin. | 36 | ||
| Lipofuscin and Ceroid. | 37 | ||
| Hematogenous Pigments | 37 | ||
| Hemoglobin. | 37 | ||
| Toxic or Other Metabolic Disorders of Hemoglobin | 37 | ||
| Cyanide. | 37 | ||
| Carbon Monoxide. | 38 | ||
| Nitrite Poisoning. | 38 | ||
| Intravascular Hemolysis (Hemoglobinuria). | 38 | ||
| Hematin. | 38 | ||
| Acid Hematin (Formalin Pigment). | 38 | ||
| Parasitic Hematin. | 38 | ||
| Hemosiderin. | 38 | ||
| Hematoidin. | 39 | ||
| Bilirubin. | 39 | ||
| Porphyria. | 40 | ||
| Cell Cycle | 41 | ||
| Cellular Aging | 42 | ||
| Genetic Basis of Aging | 42 | ||
| Telomeres | 42 | ||
| Cellular Senescence | 42 | ||
| Structural and Biochemical Changes with Cellular Aging | 43 | ||
| Genetic Basis of Disease | 43 | ||
| Types of Diagnoses | 43 | ||
| Chromosome Structure and Function | 43.e4 | ||
| Nuclear Chromosomes | 43.e4 | ||
| Mitochondrial Chromosomes | 43.e4 | ||
| Gene Structure and Function | 43.e5 | ||
| Mechanisms of Genetic Disorders | 43.e6 | ||
| Single-Gene Disorders | 43.e6 | ||
| Single-Gene Disorders of Somatic Cells. | 43.e11 | ||
| Single-Gene Disorders of Germ Cells. | 43.e13 | ||
| Autosomal Dominant Disorders. | 43.e13 | ||
| Autosomal Recessive Disorders. | 43.e13 | ||
| X-Linked Disorders. | 43.e13 | ||
| Single-Gene Disorders of Mitochondria. | 43.e13 | ||
| Chromosomal Disorders. | 43.e13 | ||
| Errors in Cell Division. | 43.e13 | ||
| Numeric Alterations. | 43.e13 | ||
| Structural Alterations. | 43.e15 | ||
| Complex Multigenic Disorders | 43.e15 | ||
| Types of Diagnoses | 43.e15 | ||
| Summary | 43 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 43 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 43.e18 | ||
| 2 Vascular Disorders and Thrombosis | 44 | ||
| Key Readings Index | 44 | ||
| E-Glossary 2-1 Glossary of Abbreviations and Terms | 44.e1 | ||
| Circulatory System | 44 | ||
| Microcirculation, Interstitium, and Cells | 45 | ||
| Fluid Distribution and Homeostasis | 45 | ||
| Abnormal Fluid Distribution | 49 | ||
| Imbalance between Intracellular and Interstitial Compartments | 49 | ||
| Imbalance between Intravascular and Interstitial Compartments (Edema) | 49 | ||
| Mechanisms of Edema Formation | 49 | ||
| Increased Microvascular Permeability | 49 | ||
| Increased Intravascular Hydrostatic Pressure | 50 | ||
| Decreased Intravascular Osmotic Pressure | 50 | ||
| Decreased Lymphatic Drainage | 50 | ||
| Morphologic Characteristics of Edema | 50 | ||
| Hemostasis | 51 | ||
| Hemostatic Process | 53 | ||
| Primary Hemostasis | 54 | ||
| Secondary Hemostasis | 54 | ||
| Thrombolysis and Fibrinolysis | 55 | ||
| Regulation of Hemostasis | 56 | ||
| Coagulation Inhibitors | 57 | ||
| Fibrinolytic Inhibitors | 58 | ||
| Hemostasis and Other Host Responses | 58 | ||
| Disorders of Hemostasis: Hemorrhage and Thrombosis | 59 | ||
| Hemorrhage | 59 | ||
| Thrombosis | 61 | ||
| Normal Blood Flow, Distribution, and Perfusion | 66 | ||
| Alterations in Blood Flow and Perfusion | 67 | ||
| Increased Blood Flow | 67 | ||
| Decreased Blood Flow | 67 | ||
| Decreased Tissue Perfusion | 67 | ||
| Shock | 70 | ||
| Cardiogenic Shock | 70 | ||
| Hypovolemic Shock | 70 | ||
| Blood Maldistribution | 70 | ||
| Stages and Progression of Shock | 72 | ||
| Clinical and Morphologic Features of Shock | 72 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 72 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 72.e1 | ||
| 3 Inflammation and Healing | 73 | ||
| Key Readings Index | 73 | ||
| E-Glossary 3-1 Glossary of Abbreviations and Terms | 73.e1 | ||
| Evolution of the Current Understanding of Inflammation | 73 | ||
| Beneficial and Harmful Aspects of Inflammation | 74 | ||
| Acute Inflammation | 75 | ||
| Substances Inducing the Acute Inflammatory Response | 78 | ||
| Fluidic (Exudative) Phase of the Acute Inflammatory Response | 79 | ||
| Endothelial Cell Dynamics during the Acute Inflammatory Response | 79 | ||
| Formation of Endothelial Cell Gaps | 80 | ||
| Cellular Phase of the Acute Inflammatory Response | 81 | ||
| Leukocyte Adhesion Cascade | 81 | ||
| Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiencies | 83 | ||
| Therapeutic Strategies to Modulate Leukocyte Infiltration | 83 | ||
| Additional Regulation of Inflammation | 83 | ||
| Effector Cells of the Acute Inflammatory Response | 83 | ||
| Vascular Endothelial Cells | 83 | ||
| Mast Cells and Basophils | 83 | ||
| Neutrophils | 84 | ||
| Eosinophils | 86 | ||
| Natural Killer Cells and Natural Killer T Lymphocytes | 86 | ||
| Monocytes and Macrophages | 86 | ||
| Chemical Mediators of the Acute Inflammatory Response | 87 | ||
| Complement Cascade | 88 | ||
| Arachidonic Acid Metabolites | 90 | ||
| Prostaglandin Formation and Inhibition | 90 | ||
| Leukotriene Formation and Inhibition | 92 | ||
| Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Fish Oils) and Inhibition of Eicosanoid Activity | 92 | ||
| Platelet-Activating Factor | 92 | ||
| Cytokine Family | 93 | ||
| Overview in Inflammation and Induction of CD4 TH Subsets | 93 | ||
| Cytokine Receptors and Signaling | 93 | ||
| Inflammatory Proteins | 93 | ||
| Interferons. | 93 | ||
| High Mobility Group Box Protein 1. | 94 | ||
| Chemokines | 94 | ||
| Classification of Chemokines | 94 | ||
| Chemokine Receptors and Signaling | 94 | ||
| Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide | 94 | ||
| Receptors for Exogenous and Endogenous Inflammatory Stimuli and Toll-Like Receptors | 94 | ||
| Antimicrobial Peptides and Collectins | 98 | ||
| Acute Phase Proteins | 98 | ||
| Antiinflammatory Mediators | 99 | ||
| Summary of the Chemical Mediators of Acute Inflammation | 99 | ||
| Reparative Phase of the Acute Inflammatory Response | 99 | ||
| Outcomes of the Acute Inflammatory Response | 99 | ||
| Nomenclature of the Inflammatory Response (Morphologic Diagnoses) | 101 | ||
| Morphologic Classification of Exudates in Acute Inflammatory Lesions | 102 | ||
| Serous Inflammation | 102 | ||
| Catarrhal Inflammation | 102 | ||
| Fibrinous Inflammation | 103 | ||
| Suppurative Inflammation | 104 | ||
| Chronic Inflammation | 104 | ||
| Beneficial and Harmful Aspects of Chronic Inflammation | 105 | ||
| Progression of the Acute Inflammatory Response to Chronic Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Abscess Formation | 106 | ||
| Progression to Chronic/Granulomatous Inflammation | 106 | ||
| Healing by Fibrosis | 107 | ||
| Abscess Formation | 107 | ||
| Granulomatous Inflammation and Granuloma Formation | 108 | ||
| Nodular (Tuberculoid) Granulomas (TH1-Biased Granulomas) | 109 | ||
| Diffuse (Lepromatous) Granulomas (TH2-Biased Granulomas) | 110 | ||
| Sarcoids of Horses | 111 | ||
| Eosinophilic Granulomas | 111 | ||
| Other Chronic Inflammatory/ Granulomatous Conditions | 111 | ||
| Gross and Microscopic Lesions and Nomenclature of the Chronic Inflammatory Response | 112 | ||
| Cellular Mechanisms of Chronic Inflammatory Responses | 113 | ||
| Lymphocytes | 113 | ||
| γ/δ T Lymphocytes | 113 | ||
| α/β T Lymphocytes (CD4/CD8) | 113 | ||
| TH1, TH2, TH17, and T Reg Immunologic Responses | 113 | ||
| Monocytes/Macrophages | 113 | ||
| Epithelium | 113 | ||
| Mononuclear Cell Maturation and Trafficking in the Chronic Inflammatory Response | 113 | ||
| Formation of Epithelioid Macrophages and Multinucleate Giant Cells | 115 | ||
| Dendritic Cells | 117 | ||
| Dendritic Cell Trafficking. | 118 | ||
| B Lymphocytes | 118 | ||
| Plasma Cells | 118 | ||
| Eosinophils | 118 | ||
| Mast Cells | 119 | ||
| Natural Killer Cells | 119 | ||
| Fibroblasts | 119 | ||
| Endothelial Cells | 119 | ||
| Trafficking of Naïve and Activated T and B Lymphocytes | 120 | ||
| Homing of Naïve Lymphocytes via High Endothelial Venules | 120 | ||
| Adherence and Transendothelial Migration of Activated T Lymphocytes | 120 | ||
| Inflammation and the Sensation of Pain | 120 | ||
| The Effect of Inflammation on the Febrile Response and Other Activities | 120 | ||
| Unique Types of Inflammation | 120 | ||
| Septicemia and Endotoxic Shock | 120 | ||
| Septicemia. | 120 | ||
| Septic (Endotoxic) Shock. | 120 | ||
| Wound Healing and Angiogenesis | 121 | ||
| First and Second Intention Healing | 122 | ||
| First Intention Healing | 122 | ||
| Second Intention Healing | 122 | ||
| Impaired Wound Healing | 122 | ||
| Expression of Genes Responsible for Wound Repair | 122 | ||
| Degradation of Cells and Tissue Components in Wounds | 125 | ||
| Degradation of the Extracellular Matrix in Wounds | 125 | ||
| Resynthesis of the Extracellular Matrix with Wound Healing | 125 | ||
| Synthesis of Collagen and Matrix Proteins | 125 | ||
| Collagen Production by Fibroblasts | 126 | ||
| Synthesis of Proteoglycans | 126 | ||
| Fibroblasts and the Mechanistic Basis of Fibrosis | 126 | ||
| Morphology of Granulation Tissue and Fibrous Connective Tissue | 126 | ||
| Granulation Tissue | 126 | ||
| Hypertrophic Scars. | 127 | ||
| Fibrous Connective Tissue | 127 | ||
| Wound Contraction | 127 | ||
| The Scirrhous Reaction | 127 | ||
| Myofibroblasts. | 128 | ||
| Angiogenesis in Wound Repair | 128 | ||
| Initiation of Endothelial Cell Proliferation | 129 | ||
| Endothelial Cell Growth Factors. | 129 | ||
| Endothelial Cell Migration Is Mediated by Integrins. | 129 | ||
| Vascular Remodeling. | 129 | ||
| Regulators/Inhibitors of Endothelial Cell Growth. | 129 | ||
| Epithelialization in Wound Repair | 130 | ||
| Intact Basement Membranes Enhance Reepithelialization | 130 | ||
| Initiation of Cell Proliferation in Epithelia | 130 | ||
| Differentiation of Epithelia | 131 | ||
| Metaplasia in Wound Repair | 131 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 131 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 131.e2 | ||
| Inflammation | 131.e2 | ||
| Healing | 131.e2 | ||
| 4 Mechanisms of Microbial Infections | 132 | ||
| Key Readings Index | 132 | ||
| E-Glossary 4-1 Glossary of Abbreviations and Terms | 132.e1 | ||
| Chronologic Sequence of Steps in Microbial Diseases | 132 | ||
| Portals of Entry | 134 | ||
| Alimentary System (Ingestion) | 135 | ||
| Respiratory System (Inhalation) | 136 | ||
| Urogenital System (Ascending Infection) | 138 | ||
| Skin (Direct Contact and Cutaneous Penetration) | 138 | ||
| Ear and Eye (Direct Contact and Cutaneous Penetration) | 138 | ||
| Target Cells and Substances | 138 | ||
| Epithelial Cells as Microbial Targets | 139 | ||
| Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissues as Microbial Targets | 140 | ||
| Biologic Substances as Microbial Targets | 140 | ||
| Pathways of Spread | 140 | ||
| Mechanisms Used to Colonize Mucosae (or Biologic Substances) at Portals of Entry | 141 | ||
| Colonize Mucus (Goblet Cells) | 141 | ||
| Colonize Cilia (or Microvilli) of Mucosal Epithelial Cells | 142 | ||
| Colonize the Cell (Endocytosis) | 143 | ||
| Mechanisms Used to Cross Mucosae at Portals of Entry | 143 | ||
| M Cell Entry | 143 | ||
| Leukocyte Trojan Horse Entry | 143 | ||
| Dendritic Cell Entry | 143 | ||
| Transcytosis Entry | 143 | ||
| Direct Entry (Motility) | 143 | ||
| Nerve Ending Entry | 143 | ||
| Mechanisms of Adhesion, Colonization, Invasion, and Replication | 144 | ||
| Cell Polarity | 144 | ||
| Transcytosis and Endocytosis/Exocytosis | 144 | ||
| Systemic Spread | 144 | ||
| Defense Mechanisms | 144 | ||
| Barrier Systems | 144 | ||
| Structural (Physical) Barriers | 144 | ||
| Functional (Biologic) Barriers | 145 | ||
| Mucus Layer. | 145 | ||
| Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses | 146 | ||
| Monocyte-Macrophage System | 147 | ||
| Dendritic Cells | 148 | ||
| Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion | 148 | ||
| Genetic Resistance of Animals to Infectious Diseases | 148 | ||
| Disorders of Barrier Systems | 149 | ||
| Disorders of the Innate Immune Response | 150 | ||
| Disorders of the Adaptive Immune Response | 150 | ||
| Bacterial Diseases | 151 | ||
| Pathogenicity | 151 | ||
| Virulence Factors | 151 | ||
| Initial Encounters at Portals of Entry | 151 | ||
| Adhesion, Colonization, Toxigenesis, and Invasiveness | 151 | ||
| Toxigenesis (Toxins) | 154 | ||
| Exotoxins and Lipoteichoic Acid. | 154 | ||
| Endotoxins. | 154 | ||
| A-B Toxin. | 156 | ||
| Other Virulence Factors | 156 | ||
| Secretion Systems. | 156 | ||
| Siderophores. | 156 | ||
| Biofilms/Intracellular Bacterial Communities. | 156 | ||
| Capsules. | 156 | ||
| Role of Bacterial Genes in Susceptibility and/or Resistance to Disease | 156 | ||
| Virulence Factors | 156 | ||
| Antibiotic Resistance | 156 | ||
| Bacterial Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance. | 157 | ||
| Bacterial Gene Transfer | 157 | ||
| Vertical Gene Transfer. | 157 | ||
| Horizontal Gene Transfer. | 157 | ||
| Mechanisms of Genomic Change | 157 | ||
| Bacterial Diseases of Organ Systems | 157 | ||
| Alimentary System and the Peritoneum, Omentum, Mesentery, and Peritoneal Cavity | 158 | ||
| Disorders of Domestic Animals | 158 | ||
| Enteric Colibacillosis (Escherichia coli). | 158 | ||
| Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. | 158 | ||
| Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. | 159 | ||
| Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. | 159 | ||
| Enterotoxemic and Septicemic Colibacillosis. | 159 | ||
| Salmonellosis (Salmonella spp.). | 159 | ||
| Enterotoxemia (Clostridium perfringens). | 160 | ||
| Alimentary Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). | 161 | ||
| Disorders of Horses | 162 | ||
| Rhodococcal Enteritis (Rhodococcus equi). | 162 | ||
| Tyzzer’s Disease (Clostridium piliforme [Bacillus piliformis]). | 162 | ||
| Disorders of Ruminants (Cattle, Sheep, and Goats) | 162 | ||
| Johne’s Disease (Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis [MAP]). | 162 | ||
| Bovine Intestinal Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis). | 163 | ||
| Wooden Tongue (Actinobacillus lignieresii). | 164 | ||
| Alimentary Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). | 164 | ||
| Disorders of Pigs | 164 | ||
| Porcine Proliferative Enteritis/Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome (Lawsonia intracellularis). | 164 | ||
| Swine Dysentery (Brachyspira hyodysenteriae). | 165 | ||
| Porcine Polyserositis (Haemophilus suis/parasuis, Actinobacillus suis, Streptococcus suis, or Escherichia coli). | 166 | ||
| Hepatobiliary System and Exocrine Pancreas | 166 | ||
| Disorders of Domestic Animals | 166 | ||
| Hepatic Leptospirosis (Leptospira spp.). | 166 | ||
| Disorders of Horses | 166 | ||
| Tyzzer’s Disease (Clostridium piliforme [Bacillus piliformis]). | 166 | ||
| Disorders of Ruminants (Cattle, Sheep, and Goats) | 167 | ||
| Bacillary Hemoglobinuria (Clostridium haemolyticum). | 167 | ||
| Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (Clostridium novyi). | 167 | ||
| Disorders of Pigs | 167 | ||
| Porcine Polyserositis (Haemophilus suis/parasuis, Actinobacillus suis, Streptococcus suis, or Escherichia coli). | 167 | ||
| Respiratory System, Mediastinum, and Pleurae | 167 | ||
| Disorders of Domestic Animals | 167 | ||
| Strep Zoo (Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus). | 167 | ||
| Respiratory Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). | 168 | ||
| Disorders of Horses | 168 | ||
| Rhodococcal Pneumonia (Rhodococcus equi). | 168 | ||
| Strep Zoo (Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus). | 169 | ||
| Strangles (Streptococcus equi subsp. equi). | 169 | ||
| Disorders of Ruminants (Cattle, Sheep, and Goats) | 169 | ||
| Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. | 169 | ||
| Bovine Pneumonic Pasteurellosis/Mannheimiosis (Mannheimia [Pasteurella] haemolytica). | 169 | ||
| Pulmonary Histophilosis (Histophilus somni). | 170 | ||
| Bovine Enzootic Pneumonia (Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida serogroup A). | 170 | ||
| Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides Small Colony). | 170 | ||
| Bovine Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis). | 171 | ||
| Disorders of Pigs | 172 | ||
| Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex. | 172 | ||
| Porcine Pleuropneumonia (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae). | 172 | ||
| Atrophic Rhinitis (Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida). | 173 | ||
| Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae). | 174 | ||
| Porcine Polyserositis (Haemophilus suis/parasuis, Actinobacillus suis, Streptococcus suis, or Escherichia coli). | 174 | ||
| Disorders of Dogs | 175 | ||
| Acute Tracheobronchitis (Bordetella bronchiseptica). | 175 | ||
| Cardiovascular System and Lymphatic Vessels | 175 | ||
| Disorders of Domestic Animals | 175 | ||
| Embolic Vasculopathy/Vasculitis (Actinobacillus equuli, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum). | 175 | ||
| Vascular Leptospirosis (Leptospira spp.). | 176 | ||
| Septicemic Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). | 176 | ||
| Disorders of Horses | 177 | ||
| Glanders (Burkholderia mallei; Farcy, Malleus, Droes). | 177 | ||
| Disorders of Pigs | 179 | ||
| Edema Disease (Escherichia coli). | 179 | ||
| Urinary System | 179 | ||
| Disorders of Domestic Animals | 179 | ||
| Necrohemorrhagic Urocystitis (Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium renale, Pseudomonas spp., Proteus vulgaris, or Klebsiella pneumoniae). | 179 | ||
| Renal Leptospirosis (Leptospira spp.). | 180 | ||
| Disorders of Ruminants (Cattle, Sheep, and Goats) | 181 | ||
| Contagious Bovine Pyelonephritis (Corynebacterium renale, Trueperella pyogenes [formerly Arcanobacterium pyogenes], or Escherichia coli). | 181 | ||
| Pulpy Kidney (Overeating) Disease (Clostridium perfringens). | 182 | ||
| Bone Marrow, Blood Cells, and Lymphatic System | 182 | ||
| Disorders of Domestic Animals | 182 | ||
| Brucellosis (Brucella spp.). | 182 | ||
| Disorders of Horses | 183 | ||
| Strangles (Streptococcus equi subsp. equi). | 183 | ||
| Rhodococcal Mesenteric Lymphadenitis (Rhodococcus equi). | 184 | ||
| II Pathology of Organ Systems | 323 | ||
| 7 Alimentary System and the Peritoneum, Omentum, Mesentery, and Peritoneal Cavity | 324 | ||
| Key Readings Index | 324 | ||
| E-Glossary 7-1 Glossary of Abbreviations and Terms | 324.e1 | ||
| Structure and Function | 324 | ||
| Oral Cavity | 325 | ||
| Teeth | 325 | ||
| Tonsils | 325 | ||
| Salivary Glands | 325 | ||
| Tongue | 325 | ||
| Esophagus | 325 | ||
| Rumen, Reticulum, and Omasum | 326 | ||
| Stomach and Abomasum | 326 | ||
| Intestine | 327 | ||
| Epithelial Cells | 328 | ||
| Mesenchymal Cells | 329 | ||
| Peritoneum, Omentum, Mesentery, and Peritoneal Cavity | 331 | ||
| Pacinian Corpuscles | 331 | ||
| Dysfunction/Responses to Injury | 331 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Aging | 331 | ||
| Oral Cavity | 331 | ||
| Teeth | 331 | ||
| Tonsils | 332 | ||
| Salivary Glands | 332 | ||
| Tongue | 332 | ||
| Esophagus | 332 | ||
| Rumen, Reticulum, and Omasum | 332 | ||
| Stomach and Abomasum | 332 | ||
| Intestine | 333 | ||
| Inflammation | 333 | ||
| Necrotizing Processes | 333 | ||
| Lymphangiectasia | 333 | ||
| Disorders of Innervation | 333 | ||
| Diarrhea | 333 | ||
| Consequences. | 334 | ||
| Peritoneum, Omentum, Mesentery, and Peritoneal Cavity | 334 | ||
| Ascites | 334 | ||
| Fat Necrosis | 334 | ||
| Inflammation: Peritonitis | 337 | ||
| Parasitic Peritonitis. | 337 | ||
| Pneumoperitoneum | 337 | ||
| Portals of Entry/Pathways of Spread | 339 | ||
| Oral Cavity | 339 | ||
| Teeth | 339 | ||
| Tonsils | 339 | ||
| Salivary Glands | 340 | ||
| Tongue | 340 | ||
| Esophagus | 340 | ||
| Rumen, Reticulum, and Omasum | 340 | ||
| Stomach and Abomasum | 340 | ||
| Intestine | 340 | ||
| Targets for Microbial Colonization or Destruction of Intestinal Mucosae | 340 | ||
| Diseases of the Intestinal Epithelium | 340 | ||
| Diseases of the Absorptive Enterocytes. | 342 | ||
| Diseases of Undifferentiated Crypt Cells. | 342 | ||
| Abnormalities of the Microvilli and Glycocalyx. | 342 | ||
| Diseases in Which the Epithelial Targets Are Unknown or Nonspecific. | 342 | ||
| Separation of Apical Junctional Complexes. | 342 | ||
| Diseases of the Lamina Propria | 342 | ||
| Peritoneum, Omentum, Mesentery, and Peritoneal Cavity | 342 | ||
| Defense Mechanisms/Barrier Systems | 342 | ||
| Oral Cavity | 343 | ||
| Teeth | 343 | ||
| Tonsils | 343 | ||
| Salivary Glands | 343 | ||
| Tongue | 343 | ||
| Esophagus | 343 | ||
| Rumen, Reticulum, and Omasum | 343 | ||
| Stomach and Abomasum | 344 | ||
| Intestine | 344 | ||
| Peritoneum, Omentum, Mesentery, and Peritoneal Cavity | 344 | ||
| Disorders of Domestic Animals | 344 | ||
| Oral Cavity | 344 | ||
| Developmental Anomalies | 344 | ||
| Stomatitis and Gingivitis | 345 | ||
| Vesicular Stomatitides—Viral Diseases | 345 | ||
| Foot-and-Mouth Disease. | 346 | ||
| Vesicular Stomatitides | 346 | ||
| Vesicular Stomatitis. | 346 | ||
| Other Vesicular Stomatitides. | 346 | ||
| Erosive and Ulcerative Stomatitides | 347 | ||
| Parapox Stomatitides | 347 | ||
| Necrotizing Stomatitides | 347 | ||
| Eosinophilic Stomatitides | 348 | ||
| Lymphoplasmacytic Stomatitis | 348 | ||
| Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis | 349 | ||
| Oral Mucosal Hyperplasia and Neoplasia | 349 | ||
| Hyperplastic Diseases. | 349 | ||
| Neoplasia. | 349 | ||
| Teeth | 350 | ||
| Malocclusions | 350 | ||
| Anomalies of Tooth Development | 351 | ||
| Lesions Caused by Attrition and Abnormal Wear | 351 | ||
| Miscellaneous Dental Disorders | 351 | ||
| Feline External Resorptive Neck Lesions. | 351 | ||
| Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis. | 351 | ||
| Infundibular Impaction | 352 | ||
| Periodontal Disease | 352 | ||
| Dental Neoplasia | 352 | ||
| Tonsils | 352 | ||
| Salivary Glands | 352 | ||
| Inflammatory Diseases | 352 | ||
| Miscellaneous Disorders | 353 | ||
| Neoplasia | 353 | ||
| Tongue | 353 | ||
| Developmental Anomalies | 353 | ||
| Systemic Disease: Secondary Involvement of the Tongue | 354 | ||
| Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Conditions | 355 | ||
| Parasites | 355 | ||
| Esophagus | 355 | ||
| Developmental Anomalies | 355 | ||
| Achalasia. | 355 | ||
| Megaesophagus | 355 | ||
| Hiatal Hernia | 356 | ||
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 356 | ||
| Esophageal Parasites | 356 | ||
| Miscellaneous Esophageal Disorders | 357 | ||
| Choke | 357 | ||
| Neoplasia | 358 | ||
| Rumen, Reticulum, and Omasum | 359 | ||
| Stomach and Abomasum | 359 | ||
| Gastric Dilation and Volvulus | 359 | ||
| Abomasal Displacement | 361 | ||
| Gastric Dilation and Rupture | 361 | ||
| Abomasal Dilation and Tympany | 361 | ||
| Impaction | 361 | ||
| Inflammatory Diseases | 362 | ||
| Hypertrophic or Hyperplastic Gastritis | 363 | ||
| Ulcers—Mucosal Defects | 363 | ||
| Miscellaneous Disorders | 365 | ||
| Neoplasia | 365 | ||
| Intestine | 366 | ||
| Developmental Anomalies | 366 | ||
| Atresia. | 366 | ||
| Meckel’s Diverticulum. | 366 | ||
| Megacolon. | 367 | ||
| Intestinal Obstruction | 368 | ||
| Enteroliths and Impaction. | 368 | ||
| Strictures with Obstruction. | 368 | ||
| Intussusception. | 369 | ||
| Ileus. | 370 | ||
| Intestinal Displacements | 370 | ||
| Volvulus and Torsion. | 371 | ||
| Miscellaneous Disorders | 372 | ||
| Small Intestinal Intoxicants | 374 | ||
| Vascular Diseases of the Intestine | 374 | ||
| Strongylus Vulgaris. | 374 | ||
| Lymphangiectasia | 374 | ||
| Innervation Disorders | 374 | ||
| Diseases Caused by Specific Pathogens | 374 | ||
| Viral Diseases | 374 | ||
| Group A Rotavirus Enteritis. | 374 | ||
| Appendix Photographic Techniques in Veterinary Pathology | 1319 | ||
| Gross Specimen Photography | 1319 | ||
| Studio Lighting | 1319 | ||
| Flash Photography | 1319 | ||
| Photomicrography | 1319 | ||
| Evaluation of Photomicrographs | 1321 | ||
| Appendix Photographic Techniques in Veterinary Pathology | e1 | ||
| Introduction | e1 | ||
| Gross Specimen Photography | e1 | ||
| Lighting | e1 | ||
| Backgrounds | e3 | ||
| Flash Photography | e3 | ||
| Modeling and Texture | e4 | ||
| Photomicrography | e6 | ||
| Evaluation of Photomicrographs | e7 | ||
| Suggested Readings | e8 | ||
| Index | 1323 | ||
| A | 1323 | ||
| B | 1328 | ||
| C | 1332 | ||
| D | 1340 | ||
| E | 1343 | ||
| F | 1348 | ||
| G | 1350 | ||
| H | 1352 | ||
| I | 1357 | ||
| J | 1360 | ||
| K | 1361 | ||
| L | 1361 | ||
| M | 1364 | ||
| N | 1369 | ||
| O | 1372 | ||
| P | 1373 | ||
| Q | 1380 | ||
| R | 1380 | ||
| S | 1382 | ||
| T | 1387 | ||
| U | 1390 | ||
| V | 1390 | ||
| W | 1393 | ||
| X | 1393 | ||
| Y | 1394 | ||
| Z | 1394 |