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Book Details
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry provides a versatile approach for modifying the structure and function of surfaces, including the formation of clusters, monolayers and films. This can be used in a variety of applications from porous surface systems, to modifiers of interface energy and sensor-based systems.
Supramolecular Chemistry at Surfaces covers different methods of preparing and studying self-assembled structures at surfaces and interfaces. The book starts with a general introduction concerning the nature of surfaces followed by specific sections discussing different techniques to characterise surface-based supramolecular systems. Each chapter then goes on to address different surface systems including the surface of water; physisorbed layers at interfaces; chemisorbed layers at interfaces; polyelectrolyte systems; thin films; dynamic systems; and patterning.
Written by a leading expert in the field, this is the first book to give a multidisciplinary view of the supramolecular aspects of interfaces providing the reader with an objective summary of all the deposition methods and their characterisation. The book will appeal to students and researchers in supramolecular chemistry, nanoscience, polymer chemistry and physics, surface science and materials science.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Preface | v | ||
| Abbreviations | vii | ||
| Contents | ix | ||
| Chapter 1 Surfaces for Supramolecular Systems | 1 | ||
| 1.1 Introduction | 1 | ||
| 1.2 The Nature of Surfaces, Their Interactions with Molecules and Growth of Layers | 8 | ||
| 1.3 Physisorption | 26 | ||
| 1.4 Chemisorption | 31 | ||
| 1.5 Assembly at the Surface of Liquids | 36 | ||
| 1.6 Self-assembly Under Kinetic Control Upon Deposition or Evaporative Self-assembly | 40 | ||
| 1.7 Supramolecular Design for Adsorpts | 41 | ||
| 1.8 Actual and Potential Applications of Surface-based Supramolecular Systems | 44 | ||
| References | 47 | ||
| Chapter 2 Tools for Surface Characterisation of Surface-based Supramolecular Systems | 55 | ||
| 2.1 Overview of Analysing Surfaces and Interfaces | 55 | ||
| 2.2 Calorimetry | 56 | ||
| 2.3 Optical Microscopy | 57 | ||
| 2.3.1 Polarising Optical Microscopy (POM) | 57 | ||
| 2.3.2 Fluorescence Microscopy | 57 | ||
| 2.3.3 Brewster Angle Microscopy (BAM) | 58 | ||
| 2.3.4 Scanning Near Field Optical Microscopy (SNOM/NSOM) | 60 | ||
| 2.4 Spectroscopy | 60 | ||
| 2.4.1 Absorption Spectroscopy | 60 | ||
| 2.4.2 Reflection-Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy (RAIRS) | 61 | ||
| 2.4.3 Raman Spectroscopy and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) | 62 | ||
| 2.4.4 Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy (SFGS) | 63 | ||
| 2.5 Scanning Probe Microscopy | 64 | ||
| 2.5.1 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Introduction | 64 | ||
| 2.5.2 Topographic AFM Analysis | 65 | ||
| 2.5.3 Force Measurements Using an AFM | 66 | ||
| 2.5.4 Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy | 67 | ||
| 2.5.5 Conducting AFM | 68 | ||
| 2.5.6 Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM): Introduction | 68 | ||
| 2.5.7 Purely ‘‘Topographical\" STM | 71 | ||
| 2.5.8 Electrochemical STM | 72 | ||
| 2.5.9 Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) | 73 | ||
| 2.6 Electron Spectroscopy | 74 | ||
| 2.6.1 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy | 74 | ||
| 2.6.2 Auger Electron Spectroscopy | 75 | ||
| 2.6.3 Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) | 76 | ||
| 2.7 Diffraction and Related Techniques | 77 | ||
| 2.7.1 Electron Diffraction | 77 | ||
| 2.7.2 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) | 78 | ||
| 2.7.3 Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD) | 80 | ||
| 2.7.4 Normal Incidence X-Ray Standing Wave (NIXSW) | 81 | ||
| 2.8 Ellipsometry | 82 | ||
| 2.9 Near-Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) Spectroscopy | 82 | ||
| 2.10 Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry | 84 | ||
| 2.11 Contact Angle Measurements | 84 | ||
| 2.12 Electrochemical Methods | 86 | ||
| 2.13 Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Surface Plasmon Resonance and Other Sensors | 89 | ||
| 2.14 Molecular Modelling | 90 | ||
| 2.15 Techniques Compared and Combined for Studies of Supramolecular Systems | 93 | ||
| References | 96 | ||
| Chapter 3 Supramolecular Systems on the Surface of Water | 104 | ||
| 3.1 Whence, Why and How: Supramolecular Layers on Water | 104 | ||
| 3.2 Non-covalent Interactions at Play in the Formation of Monolayers at the Water-Air Interface | 107 | ||
| 3.3 Discrete Self-assembled Structures and Monolayer Superstructure at the Water-Air Interface | 111 | ||
| 3.4 Molecular Recognition at the Interface of Water and Air | 121 | ||
| 3.5 Supramolecular Manifestations of Molecular Conformational Change in Langmuir Layers | 131 | ||
| 3.6 Transferring Layers: Supramolecular Systems Prepared Using the Langmuir-Blodgett Technique | 134 | ||
| 3.7 Transferring Layers: Supramolecular Systems Picked Up Using the Langmuir-Schaefer (Horizontal) ‘‘Lift\" and ‘‘Scooping Up\" Technique | 142 | ||
| 3.8 Whither Langmuir Layers? | 149 | ||
| References | 160 | ||
| Chapter 4 Physisorbed Layers at Interfaces | 168 | ||
| 4.1 Introduction | 168 | ||
| 4.2 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations of Physisorption | 169 | ||
| 4.3 Supramolecular Systems in Two Dimensions | 174 | ||
| 4.3.1 Sub-monolayer Assemblies | 175 | ||
| 4.3.2 Full Monolayer Assemblies | 186 | ||
| 4.4 Open Network Surface-based Systems by Physisorption | 215 | ||
| 4.5 Molecular Recognition in Physisorbed Monolayers | 225 | ||
| 4.6 Observing Areas of Non-covalent Interactions | 232 | ||
| 4.7 Chemical Reactivity in Physisorbed Monolayers | 235 | ||
| References | 243 | ||
| Chapter 5 Chemisorbed Layers at Interfaces | 252 | ||
| 5.1 Introduction | 252 | ||
| 5.2 Families of Substrates and Adsorbates for Chemisorption | 256 | ||
| 5.3 Self-assembled Monolayers on Metals | 257 | ||
| 5.3.1 Self-assembled Monolayers on Gold | 260 | ||
| 5.3.2 Self-assembled Monolayers on Silver | 271 | ||
| 5.3.3 Self-assembled Monolayers on Copper | 271 | ||
| 5.4 Self-assembled Monolayers on Oxides | 277 | ||
| 5.5 Supramolecular Functions for Self-assembled Chemisorbed Monolayers | 281 | ||
| References | 294 | ||
| Chapter 6 Layer-by-layer Growth | 303 | ||
| 6.1 Introduction | 303 | ||
| 6.2 From Surface Layer to Sequential Deposition Strategies | 303 | ||
| 6.3 Polyelectrolyte Films at Surfaces Through Layer-by-layer Deposition | 305 | ||
| 6.3.1 Preparation of Polyelectrolyte Films | 305 | ||
| 6.3.2 Structure of Polyelectrolyte Films | 313 | ||
| 6.3.3 Properties of Polyelectrolyte Films | 315 | ||
| 6.4 Layer-by-layer Assembly in Neutral Supramolecular Systems | 317 | ||
| 6.5 Ligand to Metal Ion Coordination for Layer-by-layer Film Growth | 321 | ||
| 6.6 Composite Film Preparation | 328 | ||
| References | 334 | ||
| Chapter 7 Supramolecular Chemistry in Thin Film Formation Upon Deposition From Vapour or Solution | 340 | ||
| 7.1 Introduction | 340 | ||
| 7.2 Thin Film Growth From Vapour | 342 | ||
| 7.3 Thin Film Growth From Solution | 351 | ||
| 7.4 Thin Film Growth From Gels | 364 | ||
| References | 367 | ||
| Chapter 8 Supramolecular Chemistry for the Formation of Dynamic Systems at Interfaces | 371 | ||
| 8.1 Introduction | 371 | ||
| 8.2 Self-assembly Approaches to Surface-based Dynamic Systems | 373 | ||
| 8.3 Motion of Molecules on Surfaces | 378 | ||
| 8.4 Responsive (Sub)Monolayer Systems | 385 | ||
| 8.5 Responsive Thin Films | 390 | ||
| 8.6 Surface-based Responsive Systems Showing Macroscopic Effects | 392 | ||
| References | 398 | ||
| Chapter 9 Patterning of Surfaces for Supramolecular Chemistry and Template Effects | 402 | ||
| 9.1 Introduction | 402 | ||
| 9.2 Patterning Self-assembled Monolayers | 405 | ||
| 9.3 Patterned Deposition of Guests on Substrates | 410 | ||
| 9.4 Building up from Surfaces with Supramolecular Chemistry on Patterns | 416 | ||
| 9.5 Spontaneous Pattern Formation and Directed Self-assembly | 423 | ||
| References | 428 | ||
| Chapter 10 Supramolecular Surface Systems: Which and Whither? | 433 | ||
| 10.1 Introduction | 433 | ||
| 10.2 Supramolecular Surface Science | 434 | ||
| 10.3 Supramolecular Chemistry at Interfaces for Affecting Charge Transport | 444 | ||
| 10.4 Supramolecular Chemistry for Dynamic Surfaces | 457 | ||
| 10.5 Supramolecular Chemistry at Surfaces for Biomolecular Applications | 461 | ||
| 10.6 And Beyond | 466 | ||
| References | 479 | ||
| Subject Index | 486 |