BOOK
PET/MRI: Advances in Instrumentation and Quantitative Procedures, An Issue of PET Clinics, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of PET Clinics focuses on PET/MRI: Advances in Instrumentation and Quantitative Procedures. Articles will include: Advances in clinical PET/MRI instrumentation; Magnetic resonance imaging-guided attenuation correction of positron emission tomography data in PET/MRI; Magnetic resonance imaging-guided partial volume correction of positron emission tomography data in PET/MRI; Magnetic resonance imaging-guided derivation of the input function for PET kinetic modeling; Innovations in small-animal PET/MRI instrumentation; Dual-modal PET/MRI molecular imaging probes; Magnetic resonance imaging-guided motion compensation of positron emission tomography data in PET/MRI; Attenuation correction for MR coils in combined PET/MR imaging; and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| PET/MRI: Advances inInstrumentation and Quantitative Procedures\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: PET/MR Imaging: Advances in Instrumentation and Quantitative Procedures\r | vii | ||
| Advances in Clinical PET/MRI Instrumentation\r | vii | ||
| Innovations in Small-Animal PET/MR Imaging Instrumentation\r | vii | ||
| The Use of Contrast Agents in Clinical and Preclinical PET-MR Imaging\r | vii | ||
| MR Imaging–Guided Attenuation Correction of PET Data in PET/MR Imaging\r | vii | ||
| Attenuation Correction for Magnetic Resonance Coils in Combined PET/MR Imaging: A Review\r | viii | ||
| MR Imaging–Guided Partial Volume Correction of PET Data in PET/MR Imaging\r | viii | ||
| MR-Based Cardiac and Respiratory Motion-Compensation Techniques for PET-MR Imaging\r | viii | ||
| MRI-Guided Derivation of the Input Function for PET Kinetic Modeling\r | viii | ||
| PET CLINICS\r | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| July 2016 | x | ||
| October 2016 | x | ||
| January 2017 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| January 2016 | x | ||
| October 2015 | x | ||
| July 2015 | x | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | xi | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | xi | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | xi | ||
| ACCREDITATION | xi | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | xi | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | xi | ||
| TO ENROLL | xi | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | xi | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | xii | ||
| Preface: PET/MR Imaging: Advances in Instrumentation and Quantitative Procedures \r | xiii | ||
| REFERENCES | xiv | ||
| Advances in Clinical PET/MRI Instrumentation | 95 | ||
| Key points | 95 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 95 | ||
| THE PRIMARY PROBLEMS IN COMBINING PET AND MRI AND THEIR SOLUTIONS | 96 | ||
| CLINICAL PET/MRI INSTRUMENTATION | 96 | ||
| Sequential PET/MRI | 96 | ||
| Avalanche Photodiodes–Based PET/MRI | 97 | ||
| Silicon Photomultipliers–Based PET/MRI | 98 | ||
| A NEW PATH TO ATTENUATION CORRECTED PET IMAGES IN PET/MRI | 100 | ||
| PERSPECTIVES | 101 | ||
| SUMMARY | 101 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 101 | ||
| REFERENCES | 101 | ||
| Innovations in Small-Animal PET/MR Imaging Instrumentation | 105 | ||
| Key points | 105 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: HARDWARE CHALLENGES | 105 | ||
| Small-animal Imaging Systems | 106 | ||
| Commercial Systems | 107 | ||
| Dedicated Clinical Systems | 109 | ||
| Ongoing Hardware Developments | 109 | ||
| SOFTWARE CHALLENGES | 110 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance-based Motion Estimation | 111 | ||
| Motion Compensated Image Reconstruction | 112 | ||
| Attenuation and Scatter Correction | 112 | ||
| Positron Range Effects | 113 | ||
| Partial Volume Effect | 113 | ||
| Anatomic priors | 114 | ||
| Low-dose imaging | 114 | ||
| Arterial Input Function and Joint Kinetic Modeling | 114 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 114 | ||
| REFERENCES | 114 | ||
| The Use of Contrast Agents in Clinical and Preclinical PET-MR Imaging | 119 | ||
| Key points | 119 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 119 | ||
| Contrast Agents in MR imaging | 119 | ||
| Contrast Agents in PET | 120 | ||
| CONTRAST AGENTS IN PET-MR IMAGING STUDIES (CLINICAL AND PRECLINICAL) | 120 | ||
| Unimodal Approach | 121 | ||
| Bimodal Approach | 123 | ||
| SUMMARY | 126 | ||
| REFERENCES | 126 | ||
| MR Imaging–Guided Attenuation Correction of PET Data in PET/MR Imaging | 129 | ||
| Key points | 129 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 129 | ||
| MAGNETIC RESONANCE–ATTENUATION CORRECTION: ATTENUATION CORRECTION METHODS FOR PET/MR IMAGING | 130 | ||
| Segmentation-Based Methods | 131 | ||
| Rationale | 131 | ||
| Challenges, pros, and cons | 131 | ||
| First steps | 132 | ||
| State of the art | 132 | ||
| Ultrashort echo time–based | 132 | ||
| Non-ultrashort echo time–based | 133 | ||
| Take home comparative results | 133 | ||
| Atlas-Based Methods | 133 | ||
| Rationale | 133 | ||
| Challenges, pros, and cons | 134 | ||
| First steps | 134 | ||
| State of the art | 135 | ||
| Template based | 135 | ||
| Probabilistic based | 136 | ||
| Mixed based | 137 | ||
| Take home comparative results | 137 | ||
| PET–Attenuation Correction | 137 | ||
| Rationale | 137 | ||
| Challenges, pros, and cons | 137 | ||
| First steps | 138 | ||
| State of the art | 139 | ||
| Emission based | 139 | ||
| Joint estimation based | 139 | ||
| Tx based | 139 | ||
| Take home comparative results | 139 | ||
| MAGNETIC RESONANCE–ATTENUATION CORRECTION: SOURCES OF ARTIFACTS AND OTHER CHALLENGES | 139 | ||
| Body-Truncation Correction | 141 | ||
| Foreign Object Correction | 142 | ||
| Hardware Correction | 142 | ||
| CURRENT STATUS OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE–ATTENUATION CORRECTION FOR CLINICAL PET/MR IMAGING STUDIES | 142 | ||
| Clinical Studies Evaluating Magnetic Resonance–Attenuation Correction Methods | 142 | ||
| Clinical Studies Highlighting the Importance of Accurate Attenuation Correction | 144 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE OF ATTENUATION CORRECTION FOR PET/MR IMAGING | 144 | ||
| REFERENCES | 144 | ||
| Attenuation Correction for Magnetic Resonance Coils in Combined PET/MR Imaging | 151 | ||
| Key points | 151 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 151 | ||
| PET/MAGNETIC RESONANCE COILS | 152 | ||
| ATTENUATION CORRECTION FOR MR IMAGING COILS | 153 | ||
| Attenuation Map Generation for Magnetic Resonance Coils | 154 | ||
| Transmission-based attenuation maps | 154 | ||
| Computed tomography-based attenuation maps | 154 | ||
| Computer-aided design–based attenuation maps | 156 | ||
| Localization of the Coils in the PET Field of View | 156 | ||
| Markers-based localization | 156 | ||
| Ultrashort echo time–based localization | 157 | ||
| SCATTER CORRECTION FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE COILS | 158 | ||
| DATA ANALYSIS | 158 | ||
| FUTURE APPROACHES | 158 | ||
| SUMMARY | 158 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 159 | ||
| REFERENCES | 159 | ||
| MR Imaging–Guided Partial Volume Correction of PET Data in PET/MR Imaging | 161 | ||
| Key points | 161 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 161 | ||
| PARTIAL VOLUME CORRECTION METHODS | 162 | ||
| Postreconstruction Methods | 163 | ||
| Regional simultaneous estimation methods (A) | 163 | ||
| Voxel-based additive and multiplicative methods (B) | 165 | ||
| Purely multiplicative methods (C) | 165 | ||
| Wavelet-transform methods (D) | 165 | ||
| Deconvolution methods (E) | 165 | ||
| Segmentation-free methods (F) | 165 | ||
| Reconstruction-Based Methods | 166 | ||
| Spatial prior methods (G) | 166 | ||
| Intensity prior methods (H) | 167 | ||
| Diffusion prior methods (I) | 167 | ||
| A level set method (J) | 167 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL VOLUME CORRECTION | 167 | ||
| Cardiology | 167 | ||
| Oncology | 168 | ||
| Neurology | 169 | ||
| Vascular | 171 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 172 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 173 | ||
| REFERENCES | 173 | ||
| MR-Based Cardiac and Respiratory Motion-Compensation Techniques for PET-MR Imaging | 179 | ||
| Key points | 179 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 179 | ||
| MR-BASED MOTION ESTIMATION | 181 | ||
| Cardiac Motion | 181 | ||
| Respiratory Motion | 182 | ||
| PET MOTION CORRECTION | 185 | ||
| Postreconstruction Registration | 185 | ||
| Motion-Corrected Image Reconstruction | 186 | ||
| Comparison Between Motion-Compensated Image Reconstruction and Postreconstruction Registration | 187 | ||
| RELATIVE IMPACT OF MOTION CORRECTION | 189 | ||
| AREAS OF FUTURE RESEARCH | 189 | ||
| SUMMARY | 189 | ||
| REFERENCES | 190 | ||
| MRI-Guided Derivation of the Input Function for PET Kinetic Modeling | 193 | ||
| Key points | 193 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 193 | ||
| METHODOLOGY | 194 | ||
| MRI-BASED SEGMENTATION | 194 | ||
| Registration | 194 | ||
| Segmentation Methods | 195 | ||
| MRI-BASED PARTIAL VOLUME CORRECTION | 195 | ||
| MRI–BASED PET MOTION CORRECTION | 196 | ||
| Rigid Body Motion Correction | 197 | ||
| Nonrigid Body Motion Correction | 197 | ||
| MR Active Markers | 198 | ||
| Computational Aspect of Motion Correction | 198 | ||
| PET–MRI ARTERIAL INPUT FUNCTION CONVERSION | 199 | ||
| CAVEATS | 199 | ||
| SUMMARY | 200 | ||
| REFERENCES | 200 |