BOOK
Joint Range of Motion and Muscle Length Testing - E-Book
Nancy Berryman Reese | William D. Bandy
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
One of the most comprehensive texts on the market, Joint Range of Motion and Muscle Length Testing, 3rd Edition, is an easy-to-follow reference that guides you in accurately measuring range of motion and muscle length for all age groups. Written by renowned educators, Nancy Berryman Reese and William D. Bandy for both Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy professionals, this book describes in detail the reliability and validity of each technique. A new companion web site features video clips demonstrating over 100 measurement techniques!
- Full-color design clearly demonstrates various techniques and landmarks.
- Clear technique template allows you to quickly and easily identify the information you need.
- Simple anatomic illustrations clearly depict the various techniques and landmarks for each joint.
- Coverage of range of motion and muscle length testing includes important, must-know information.
- Complex tool coverage prepares you to use the tape measure, goniometer, and inclinometer in the clinical setting.
- Over 100 videos let you independently review techniques covered in the text.
- Chapter on infants and children eliminates having to search through pediatric-specific books for information.
- Anatomical landmarks provide a fast visual reference for exactly where to place measuring devices.
- Chapters dedicated to length testing makes information easy to locate.
UPDATED information and references includes the latest in hand and upper extremity rehabilitation.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | ES1 | ||
| Joint Range of Motion and Muscle Length Testing | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Dedications | iii | ||
| PREFACE | iv | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | v | ||
| CONTENTS | vi | ||
| I - INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| 1 - MEASUREMENT OF RANGE OF MOTION AND MUSCLE LENGTH: BACKGROUND, HISTORY, AND BASIC PRINCIPLES | 3 | ||
| JOINT RANGE OF MOTION VERSUS MUSCLE LENGTH | 3 | ||
| KINEMATICS | 4 | ||
| Arthrokinematics | 4 | ||
| Osteokinematics | 4 | ||
| Sagittal Plane | 4 | ||
| Frontal Plane | 5 | ||
| Transverse Plane | 6 | ||
| Special Case: Oblique Axis at the Foot and Ankle | 6 | ||
| HISTORY OF INSTRUMENTS USED TO MEASURE RANGE OF MOTION21-30 AND MUSCLE LENGTH | 6 | ||
| Universal Goniometer | 6 | ||
| Measurement Techniques | 7 | ||
| Methods of Documentation | 7 | ||
| Other Measurement Devices | 7 | ||
| Inclinometer | 8 | ||
| Electrogoniometer | 8 | ||
| Photography and Video Recording Equipment | 8 | ||
| Radiographic Equipment | 8 | ||
| MEASUREMENT METHODS OF MUSCLE LENGTH | 9 | ||
| Composite Method | 9 | ||
| Direct Measurement | 9 | ||
| PROCEDURES FOR MEASUREMENT | 11 | ||
| Instrumentation | 11 | ||
| Universal Goniometer | 11 | ||
| Further Exploration: Familiarization with the Universal Goniometer | 11 | ||
| Inclinometer | 12 | ||
| CROM | 13 | ||
| BROM | 13 | ||
| Further Exploration: Familiarization with the Inclinometer | 13 | ||
| Tape Measure | 14 | ||
| Further Exploration: Familiarization with the Tape Measure | 14 | ||
| Techniques for Measuring Range of Motion and Muscle Length | 14 | ||
| Preparation for Measurement | 15 | ||
| Instructing the Patient | 16 | ||
| Positioning the Patient: Measuring Joint Range of Motion | 16 | ||
| Further Exploration: Preferred Patient Position | 16 | ||
| Positioning the Patient: Measuring Muscle Length | 17 | ||
| Stabilization | 17 | ||
| Estimating Range of Motion and Determining End-Feel | 18 | ||
| Further Exploration: Identifying End-Feels | 18 | ||
| Bony End-Feel: Elbow Extension. | 18 | ||
| Capsular End-Feel: Hip Medial Rotation. | 18 | ||
| Muscular End-Feel: Knee Extension with Hip | 18 | ||
| Soft Tissue End-Feel: Knee Flexion | 19 | ||
| Palpating Bony Landmarks and Aligning the Measurement Device | 19 | ||
| Aligning the Goniometer | 19 | ||
| Aligning the Inclinometer | 19 | ||
| Aligning the Tape Measure | 19 | ||
| Determining and Recording the Range of Motion with the Goniometer | 19 | ||
| Single Motion Recording Technique | 20 | ||
| Further Exploration: Documenting Range of Motion using Single Motion Recording Technique | 22 | ||
| Sagittal Frontal Transverse Rotational (SFTR) Recording Technique | 22 | ||
| Further Exploration: Documenting Range of Motion Using SFTR Recording Technique | 24 | ||
| Determining and Recording Muscle Length | 24 | ||
| References | 26 | ||
| 2 - MEASUREMENT OF RANGE OF MOTION AND MUSCLE LENGTH: CLINICAL RELEVANCE | 29 | ||
| NORMATIVE DATA FOR RANGE OF MOTION AND MUSCLE LENGTH | 29 | ||
| FACTORS AFFECTING RANGEOF MOTION | 29 | ||
| CHANGES IN RANGE OF MOTIONWITH AGE | 29 | ||
| Lower Extremity | 29 | ||
| Upper Extremity | 30 | ||
| Lumbar Spine | 31 | ||
| Cervical Spine and Temporomandibular Joint | 31 | ||
| DIFFERENCES IN RANGE OF MOTION BASED ON SEX | 33 | ||
| Lower Extremity | 33 | ||
| Upper Extremity | 33 | ||
| Lumbar Spine | 34 | ||
| Lumbar Spine—Summary | 34 | ||
| Cervical Spine | 35 | ||
| Cervical Spine—Summary | 35 | ||
| Temporomandibular Joint | 35 | ||
| DIFFERENCES IN RANGE OF MOTION BASED ON CULTURE AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES | 36 | ||
| FACTORS AFFECTING MUSCLE LENGTH | 37 | ||
| CHANGES IN MUSCLE LENGTH WITH AGE | 37 | ||
| CHANGES IN MUSCLE LENGTH BASED ON SEX | 38 | ||
| RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY | 38 | ||
| RELIABILITY | 38 | ||
| Quantification | 38 | ||
| Relative Reliability | 38 | ||
| Absolute Reliability | 39 | ||
| The t-Test | 39 | ||
| Standard Error of the Measurement (SEMm) | 39 | ||
| Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) | 39 | ||
| VALIDITY | 40 | ||
| Quantification | 40 | ||
| RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY: CRITERION FOR INCLUSION | 40 | ||
| References | 41 | ||
| II - UPPER EXTREMITY | 45 | ||
| 3 - MEASUREMENT OF RANGE OF MOTION OF THE SHOULDER | 47 | ||
| GLENOHUMERAL JOINT | 47 | ||
| III - HEAD, NECK, and TRUNK | 211 | ||
| 8 - MEASUREMENT OF RANGE OF MOTION OF THE THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE | 213 | ||
| ANATOMY AND OSTEOKINEMATICS | 213 | ||
| LIMITATIONS OF MOTION | 213 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL RANGE OF MOTION | 213 | ||
| TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT | 214 | ||
| Tape Measure | 214 | ||
| Flexion and Extension | 214 | ||
| Schober Method | 214 | ||
| Fingertip-to-Floor Method | 215 | ||
| Lateral Flexion | 215 | ||
| Rotation | 216 | ||
| Goniometer | 216 | ||
| Inclinometer | 216 | ||
| Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method | 218 | ||
| Flexion—Thoracolumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method | 220 | ||
| Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Goniometer Technique | 222 | ||
| Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Inclinometer Method | 224 | ||
| Flexion—Lumbar Spine: BROM Device | 226 | ||
| Extension—Lumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method | 228 | ||
| Extension—Lumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method—Prone | 230 | ||
| Extension—Lumbar Spine: Goniometer Technique | 232 | ||
| Extension—Lumbar Spine: Inclinometer Method | 234 | ||
| Extension—Lumbar Spine: BROM Device | 236 | ||
| Lateral Flexion—Thoracolumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method | 238 | ||
| Lateral Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Goniometer Technique | 240 | ||
| Lateral Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Inclinometer Method | 242 | ||
| Lateral Flexion—Lumbar Spine: BROM Device | 244 | ||
| Rotation—Thoracolumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method | 246 | ||
| Rotation—Thoracic Spine: Goniometer Method | 248 | ||
| Rotation—Thoracolumbar Spine: Inclinometer Method | 250 | ||
| Rotation—Thoracic Spine: Inclinometer Method | 252 | ||
| Rotation—Lumbar Spine: BROM | 254 | ||
| References | 257 | ||
| 9 - MEASUREMENT OF RANGE OF MOTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT | 259 | ||
| CERVICAL SPINE | 259 | ||
| ANATOMY AND OSTEOKINEMATICS | 259 | ||
| LIMITATIONS OF MOTION: CERVICAL SPINE | 259 | ||
| TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT: CERVICAL SPINE | 261 | ||
| Tape Measure and Goniometer | 261 | ||
| Inclinometer | 261 | ||
| Attachment of Inclinometer to the Head | 261 | ||
| TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT | 262 | ||
| ANATOMY AND OSTEOKINEMATICS | 262 | ||
| LIMITATIONS OF MOTION: TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT | 262 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL RANGE OF MOTION: TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT | 262 | ||
| TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT: TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT | 263 | ||
| Flexion—Cervical Spine: Tape Measure Method | 264 | ||
| Flexion—Cervical Spine: Goniometer Technique | 266 | ||
| Flexion—Cervical Spine: Inclinometer Method | 268 | ||
| Flexion—Cervical Spine: CROM Device | 270 | ||
| Extension—Cervical Spine: Tape Measure Method | 272 | ||
| Extension—Cervical Spine: Goniometer Technique | 274 | ||
| Extension—Cervical Spine: Inclinometer Method | 276 | ||
| Extension—Cervical Spine: CROM Device | 278 | ||
| Lateral Flexion—Cervical Spine: Tape Measure Method | 280 | ||
| Lateral Flexion—Cervical Spine: Goniometer Technique | 282 | ||
| Lateral Flexion—Cervical Spine: Inclinometer Method | 284 | ||
| Lateral Flexion—Cervical Spine: CROM Device | 286 | ||
| Rotation—Cervical Spine: Tape Measure Method | 288 | ||
| Rotation—Cervical Spine: Goniometer Technique | 290 | ||
| Rotation—Cervical Spine: Inclinometer Method | 292 | ||
| Rotation—Cervical Spine: CROM Device | 294 | ||
| Mandibular Depression (Opening)—TemporomandibularJoint: Ruler Method | 296 | ||
| Mandibular Depression (Opening)—TemporomandibularJoint: TheraBite Range of Motion Scale | 297 | ||
| Protrusion—Temporomandibular Joint | 298 | ||
| Lateral Deviation (Excursion)—Temporomandibular Joint | 300 | ||
| References | 302 | ||
| 10 - RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF MEASUREMENT OF RANGE OF MOTION OF THE SPINE AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT | 303 | ||
| THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE | 303 | ||
| TAPE MEASURE | 303 | ||
| Flexion | 303 | ||
| Schober Method | 303 | ||
| Summary: Tape Measure for Measurement of Lumbar Flexion | 304 | ||
| Extension | 304 | ||
| Lateral Flexion | 306 | ||
| Fingertip to Floor | 306 | ||
| Marks at Lateral Thigh | 306 | ||
| Marks at Lateral Trunk | 306 | ||
| Summary: Tape Measure for Measurement of Lateral Flexion | 306 | ||
| Rotation | 307 | ||
| GONIOMETER | 307 | ||
| Flexion and Extension | 307 | ||
| IV - LOWER EXTREMITY | 329 | ||
| 11 - MEASUREMENT OF RANGE OF MOTION OF THE HIP | 331 | ||
| ANATOMY | 331 | ||
| OSTEOKINEMATICS | 331 | ||
| ARTHROKINEMATICS | 331 | ||
| LIMITATIONS OF MOTION: HIP JOINT | 331 | ||
| END-FEEL | 332 | ||
| CAPSULAR PATTERN | 332 | ||
| ROM and Functional Activity | 333 | ||
| TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT: HIP FLEXION/EXTENSION | 336 | ||
| TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT: HIP ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION | 338 | ||
| TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT: HIP MEDIAL-LATERAL ROTATION | 338 | ||
| MINIMAL DETECTABLE CHANGE (MDC) | 339 | ||
| Hip Flexion | 340 | ||
| Hip Extension | 342 | ||
| Hip Abduction | 344 | ||
| Hip Adduction | 346 | ||
| Hip Lateral Rotation With Hip Flexed—Goniometer | 348 | ||
| Hip Medial Rotation With Hip Flexed—Goniometer | 350 | ||
| Hip Lateral Rotation With Hip Flexed—Inclinometer | 352 | ||
| Hip Medial Rotation With Hip Flexed—Inclinometer | 354 | ||
| Hip Lateral Rotation With Hip Extended—Goniometer | 356 | ||
| Hip Medial Rotation With Hip Extended—Goniometer | 358 | ||
| Hip Lateral Rotation With Hip Extended—Inclinometer | 360 | ||
| Hip Medial Rotation With Hip Extended—Inclinometer | 362 | ||
| References | 364 | ||
| 12 - MEASUREMENT OF RANGE OF MOTION OF THE KNEE | 365 | ||
| ANATOMY | 365 | ||
| OSTEOKINEMATICS | 365 | ||
| ARTHROKINEMATICS | 365 | ||
| LIMITATIONS OF MOTION: KNEE JOINT | 366 | ||
| END-FEEL | 368 | ||
| CAPSULAR PATTERN | 368 | ||
| ROM AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY | 368 | ||
| Techniques of Measurement: Knee Flexion/Extension | 373 | ||
| MINIMAL DETECTABLE CHANGE (MDC) | 373 | ||
| Knee Flexion | 374 | ||
| Knee Extension | 376 | ||
| References | 378 | ||
| 13 - MEASUREMENT OF RANGE OF MOTION OF THE ANKLE AND FOOT | 379 | ||
| ANKLE, SUBTALAR, AND TRANSVERSE TARSAL JOINTS | 379 | ||
| ANATOMY | 379 | ||
| OSTEOKINEMATICS | 379 | ||
| ARTHROKINEMATICS | 380 | ||
| LIMITATIONS OF MOTION | 381 | ||
| END-FEEL | 381 | ||
| CAPSULAR PATTERN | 382 | ||
| METATARSOPHALANGEAL AND INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS | 382 | ||
| ANATOMY | 382 | ||
| OSTEOKINEMATICS | 382 | ||
| ARTHROKINEMATICS | 382 | ||
| LIMITATIONS OF MOTION | 383 | ||
| END-FEEL | 383 | ||
| CAPSULAR PATTERN | 383 | ||
| ROM AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY | 383 | ||
| TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT | 384 | ||
| ANKLE DORSIFLEXION/PLANTARFLEXION COMPONENTS OF PRONATION/SUPINATION | 384 | ||
| SUBTALAR INVERSION/EVERSION OF COMPONENTS OF PRONATION/SUPINATION | 384 | ||
| METATARSOPHALANGEAL AND INTERPHALANGEAL FLEXION/EXTENSION | 387 | ||
| MINIMAL DETECTABLE CHANGE (MDC) | 387 | ||
| Ankle Supination: Plantarflexion Component | 388 | ||
| Ankle Pronation: Dorsiflexion Component | 390 | ||
| Ankle Pronation: Dorsiflexion Component in SubtalarNeutral Position | 392 | ||
| Ankle Pronation: Dorsiflexion Component—StandingLunge Test (Inclinometer) | 394 | ||
| Ankle/Foot Supination: Inversion Component | 396 | ||
| Ankle/Foot Pronation: Eversion Component | 398 | ||
| Subtalar Supination: Inversion Component(Referenced from Anatomical Zero) | 400 | ||
| Subtalar Pronation: Eversion Component(Referenced from Anatomical Zero) | 402 | ||
| First Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joint Flexion (Plantarflexion) | 404 | ||
| First Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joint Extension (Dorsiflexion) | 406 | ||
| First Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joint Abduction | 408 | ||
| First Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joint Adduction | 410 | ||
| Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) or Interphalangeal(PIP, DIP, IP) Flexion | 412 | ||
| Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) or Interphalangeal(PIP, DIP, IP) Extension | 414 | ||
| References | 416 | ||
| 14 - MUSCLE LENGTH TESTING OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY | 419 | ||
| TESTS FOR MUSCLE LENGTH: ILIOPSOAS | 419 | ||
| TESTS FOR MUSCLE LENGTH: RECTUS FEMORIS | 419 | ||
| TESTS FOR MUSCLE LENGTH: HAMSTRINGS | 419 | ||
| Sit-and-Reach Test | 419 | ||
| TESTS FOR MUSCLE LENGTH: ILIOTIBIAL BAND AND TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE | 420 | ||
| Description of Tests | 420 | ||
| Quantification | 420 | ||
| TESTS FOR MUSCLE LENGTH: GASTROCNEMIUS AND SOLEUS | 421 | ||
| Iliopsoas Muscle Length: Thomas Test | 422 | ||
| Iliopsoas Muscle Length: Prone Hip Extension Test | 424 | ||
| Rectus Femoris Muscle Length: Thomas Test | 426 | ||
| Rectus Femoris Muscle Length: Prone Technique | 428 | ||
| Hamstring Muscle Length: Straight Leg Raise Test | 430 | ||
| Hamstring Muscle Length: Knee Extension Test | 432 | ||
| Iliotibial Band and Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle Length:Ober Test and Modified Ober Test | 434 | ||
| Iliotibial Band and Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle Length:Ober Test and Modified Ober Test—Inclinometer | 436 | ||
| Iliotibial Band and Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle Length:Prone Technique | 438 | ||
| Gastrocnemius Muscle Length Test | 440 | ||
| Soleus Muscle Length Test: Supine | 442 | ||
| Soleus Muscle Length Test: Prone | 444 | ||
| References | 446 | ||
| 15 - RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF MEASUREMENTS OF RANGE OF MOTION AND MUSCLE LENGTH TESTING OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY | 447 | ||
| RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF LOWER EXTREMITY GONIOMETRY | 447 | ||
| HIP FLEXION/EXTENSION | 447 | ||
| HIP ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION | 452 | ||
| HIP MEDIAL-LATERAL ROTATION | 456 | ||
| KNEE FLEXION/EXTENSION | 460 | ||
| ANKLE PRONATION AND SUPINATION: DORSIFLEXION/PLANTAR FLEXION COMPONENTS | 468 | ||
| SUBTALAR SUPINATION AND PRONATION: INVERSION/EVERSION COMPONENTS | 474 | ||
| METATARSOPHALANGEAL FLEXION/EXTENSION | 478 | ||
| RELIABILITY OF MUSCLE LENGTH TESTING | 479 | ||
| Tests for lliopsoas Muscle Length | 479 | ||
| Tests for Rectus Femoris Muscle Length | 480 | ||
| Tests for Hamstring Muscle Length | 480 | ||
| Straight Leg Raise | 482 | ||
| Knee Extension Test–Active | 482 | ||
| Knee Extension Test–Passive | 482 | ||
| Comparison of Three Measurement Techniques | 483 | ||
| Summary: Tests for Hamstring Muscle Length | 483 | ||
| Tests for Iliotibial Band and Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle Length | 483 | ||
| Tests for Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscle Length | 485 | ||
| References | 486 | ||
| 16 - PEDIATRIC RANGE OF MOTION | 489 | ||
| UPPER EXTREMITY ROM | 489 | ||
| TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT: UPPER EXTREMITY | 491 | ||
| Shoulder Flexion | 492 | ||
| Shoulder Lateral Rotation | 494 | ||
| Elbow Extension | 496 | ||
| Wrist Flexion | 498 | ||
| Lower Extremity ROM | 500 | ||
| Hip Flexion | 504 | ||
| Hip Extension | 506 | ||
| Hip Abduction | 508 | ||
| Hip Lateral Rotation | 510 | ||
| Hip Medial Rotation | 512 | ||
| Knee Extension | 514 | ||
| Ankle Pronation: Dorsiflexion Component | 516 | ||
| Ankle/Foot Supination: Inversion Component | 518 | ||
| Ankle/Foot Pronation: Eversion Component | 520 | ||
| Special Tests: Muscle Length—Passive Knee Extension Test | 522 | ||
| Thigh-Foot Angle | 523 | ||
| Transmalleolar Axis | 524 | ||
| Special Test: Standing Alignment During Development | 526 | ||
| References | 528 | ||
| A - SAMPLE DATA RECORDING FORMS | 529 | ||
| B - NORMATIVE RANGE OF MOTION OF THE EXTREMITIES AND SPINE IN ADULTS | 535 | ||
| References | 553 | ||
| INDEX | 555 | ||
| A | 555 | ||
| B | 556 | ||
| C | 556 | ||
| D | 557 | ||
| E | 557 | ||
| F | 558 | ||
| G | 559 | ||
| H | 560 | ||
| I | 560 | ||
| J | 561 | ||
| K | 561 | ||
| L | 561 | ||
| M | 563 | ||
| N | 564 | ||
| O | 564 | ||
| P | 564 | ||
| Q | 565 | ||
| R | 565 | ||
| S | 566 | ||
| T | 568 | ||
| U | 568 | ||
| V | 569 | ||
| W | 569 | ||
| Y | 569 | ||
| Z | 569 |