Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Nano-Glass Ceramics: Processing, Properties and Applications provides comprehensive coverage of synthesis and processing methods, properties and applications of the most important types of nano-glass ceramics, from a unique material science perspective. Emphasis is placed on the experimental and practical aspects of the subject while covering the theoretical and practical aspects and presenting, numerous examples and details of experimental methods. In the discussing the many varied applications of nano-glass ceramics, consideration is given to both, the fields of applications in which the materials are firmly established and the fields where great promise exists for their future exploitation. The methods of investigation adopted by researchers in the various stages of synthesis, nucleation, processing and characterization of glass ceramics are discussed with a focus on the more novel methods and the state of the art in developing nanostructured glass ceramics.
- Comprehensive coverage of nanostructured glass ceramics with a materials science approach. The first book of this kind
- Applications-oriented approach, covering current and future applications in numerous fields such as Biomedicine and Electronics
- Explains the correlations between synthesis parameters, properties and applications guiding R&D researchers and engineers to choose the right material and increase cost-effectiveness
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Nano-Glass Ceramics | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Introduction | ix | ||
| 1 Glass Crystallization | 1 | ||
| 1.1 Nucleation in Glass | 2 | ||
| 1.1.1 Homogeneous Nucleation | 3 | ||
| 1.1.1.1 Theoretical Background | 3 | ||
| 1.1.1.2 Experimental Studies of Homogeneous Nucleation | 6 | ||
| 1.1.2 Heterogeneous Nucleation | 8 | ||
| 1.1.2.1 Theoretical Background | 8 | ||
| 1.1.2.1.1 General Considerations | 8 | ||
| 1.1.2.1.2 Epitaxy in Heterogeneous Nucleation of Glasses | 10 | ||
| 1.1.2.1.3 The Effect of Glass-in-Glass Phase Separation on Heterogeneous Nucleation | 14 | ||
| 1.1.2.2 Experimental Studies of Heterogeneous Nucleation | 15 | ||
| 1.1.2.2.1 Heterogeneous Nucleation in the Presence of Phase Separation in Glass | 16 | ||
| 1.1.2.2.2 Crystal Nucleation in the Absence of Phase Separation in Glass | 23 | ||
| 1.1.2.2.3 Secondary Crystallization | 25 | ||
| 1.1.2.2.4 Determination of the Optimum Nucleation Temperature and Time | 25 | ||
| 1.1.2.2.5 Determination of the Type and Amount of Effective Nucleating Agents by DTA | 29 | ||
| 1.1.2.2.6 Determination of Crystal Nucleation rates | 33 | ||
| Particle Counting Method | 33 | ||
| Thermal Analysis Methods | 35 | ||
| 1.1.3 Nonclassical Theories of Crystal Nucleation in Glass | 37 | ||
| 1.1.3.1 General Considerations | 37 | ||
| 1.1.3.2 Phenomenological Models | 38 | ||
| 1.1.3.3 Density Functional Theory | 38 | ||
| 1.2 Crystal Growth in Glass | 39 | ||
| 1.2.1 Theoretical Background | 39 | ||
| 1.2.1.1 Normal Growth Model | 40 | ||
| 1.2.1.2 The Screw Dislocation Growth Model | 40 | ||
| 1.2.1.3 2D Surface-Nucleated Growth | 41 | ||
| 1.2.1.3.1 Jackson’s Model for the Interface | 41 | ||
| 1.2.2 Experimental Studies of Crystal Growth in Glass | 43 | ||
| 1.3 Alternative Mechanisms of Glass Crystallization at Low Temperatures | 47 | ||
| 1.4 Overall Glass Crystallization Kinetics | 49 | ||
| 1.4.1 Theoretical Background | 49 | ||
| 1.4.2 Experimental Studies of the Crystallization Kinetics in Glass | 55 | ||
| 1.5 Concluding Remarks | 61 | ||
| 2 Optical Properties of Nano-Glass Ceramics | 63 | ||
| 2.1 Theoretical Background of Transparency | 63 | ||
| 2.2 Application of Optical Nano-Glass Ceramics | 65 | ||
| 2.2.1 Low Thermal Expansion Glass Ceramics | 65 | ||
| 2.2.1.1 Structure, Properties, and Application of Stuffed β-Quartzss Glass Ceramics | 65 | ||
| 2.2.1.2 Processing of Stuffed β-Quartzss Glass Ceramics | 66 | ||
| 2.2.2 Luminescent Glass Ceramics | 72 | ||
| Theoretical Background | 72 | ||
| Laser Applications | 73 | ||
| Frequency Up-Conversion | 74 | ||
| Amplification at 1.3 and 1.5µm | 75 | ||
| Solar Energy Applications | 76 | ||
| Most Common Luminescent Glass Ceramics | 76 | ||
| 2.2.2.1 Transparent Mullite Glass Ceramics | 76 | ||
| Structure, Optical Properties, and Application of Transparent Mullite Glass Ceramics | 77 | ||
| Processing of Mullite Glass Ceramics | 80 | ||
| 2.2.2.2 Spinel Glass Ceramics | 82 | ||
| Properties and Application of Transparent Spinel Glass Ceramics | 83 | ||
| Broadband Optical Amplifiers and Tunable Lasers | 83 | ||
| Passive Q-switchers | 87 | ||
| Processing of Spinel Glass Ceramics | 90 | ||
| 2.2.2.3 Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics | 92 | ||
| Processing of Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics | 93 | ||
| General Considerations | 93 | ||
| Properties and Application of Fluorescent Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics | 99 | ||
| Up-Conversion Fluorescent Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics | 99 | ||
| Other Host Nano-Crystals | 106 | ||
| Down-Conversion Fluorescent Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics | 109 | ||
| Other Luminescent Glass Ceramics | 119 | ||
| Transparent YAG Glass Ceramics | 119 | ||
| Transparent Willemite Glass Ceramics | 121 | ||
| 2.3 Concluding Remarks | 122 | ||
| 3 Ferroelectric and Electro-Optical Properties of Nano-Glass Ceramics | 125 | ||
| 3.1 Theoretical Background | 126 | ||
| Frequency and Temperature Dependence of εr | 128 | ||
| Energy Loss | 129 | ||
| The Ferroelectric Effect | 129 | ||
| Electro-Optic Effect | 130 | ||
| Nonlinear Optics | 130 | ||
| Second Harmonic Generation | 130 | ||
| Third Harmonic Generation | 131 | ||
| 3.2 Structure, Properties, and Application of Ferroelectric Nano-Glass Ceramics | 131 | ||
| 3.2.1 Titanate-Based Glass Ceramics | 133 | ||
| General Processing of Titanate Glass Ceramics | 133 | ||
| Processing, Properties, and Application of Major Titanate Glass Ceramics | 134 | ||
| 3.2.1.1 BaTiO3 Glass Ceramics | 134 | ||
| 3.2.1.2 PbTiO3 Glass Ceramics | 143 | ||
| 3.2.1.3 SrTiO3 Glass Ceramics | 148 | ||
| 3.2.1.4 Solid Solution Perovskites | 153 | ||
| 3.2.1.5 Other Titanate Glass Ceramics | 157 | ||
| Bismuth Titanate Glass Ceramics | 157 | ||
| 3.2.2 Niobate-Based Glass Ceramics | 160 | ||
| 3.2.2.1 Niobate Glass Ceramics with TeO2-Based Glasses | 161 | ||
| 3.2.2.2 Niobate Glass Ceramics with Silicate and Aluminosilicate-Based Glasses | 164 | ||
| Niobate Glass Ceramics Containing NaNbO3 Nano-Crystals | 164 | ||
| Niobate Glass Ceramics Containing LiNbO3 Nano-Crystals | 168 | ||
| Niobate Glass Ceramics Containing KNbO3 Nano-Crystals | 169 | ||
| 3.2.2.3 Niobate Glass Ceramics with Borate-Based Glasses | 173 | ||
| 3.2.3 Other Ferroelectric Nano-Glass Ceramics | 176 | ||
| 3.2.3.1 Tantalate Nano-Glass ceramics | 176 | ||
| 3.2.3.1.1 Processing and Properties of Nano-Structured LaTaO3 | 176 | ||
| 3.3 Concluding Remarks | 179 | ||
| 4 Magnetic Properties of Nano-Glass Ceramics | 181 | ||
| 4.1 Theoretical Background and Definitions | 182 | ||
| Magnetic Dipoles | 182 | ||
| Magnetic Field Vectors | 183 | ||
| Diamagnetism | 184 | ||
| Paramagnetism | 184 | ||
| Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism | 185 | ||
| Ferrimagnetism | 185 | ||
| Magnetocrystalline Anisotrophy | 187 | ||
| Magnetostriction | 187 | ||
| The Effect of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior | 187 | ||
| Domains and Hysteresis | 187 | ||
| Soft and Hard Magnets | 189 | ||
| Superparamagnetism | 190 | ||
| 4.2 Application of Soft Magnetic Nano-Glass Ceramics | 191 | ||
| 4.2.1 Biomedical Applications | 191 | ||
| 4.2.1.1 Magnetite Glass Ceramics | 195 | ||
| 4.2.1.1.1 Processing of Magnetite Nano-Glass Ceramics | 196 | ||
| Redox Equilibrium of Iron | 201 | ||
| 4.2.1.1.2 Magnetic Properties of Magnetite Nano-Glass Ceramics | 202 | ||
| 4.2.1.2 Zinc Ferrite–Based Glass Ceramics | 205 | ||
| 4.2.1.2.1 Processing of Zinc Ferrite–Based Nano-Glass Ceramics | 205 | ||
| 4.2.1.2.2 Magnetic Properties of Zinc Ferrite–Based Nano-Glass Ceramics | 207 | ||
| 4.2.2 Other Applications of Soft Magnetic Nano-Glass Ceramics | 210 | ||
| 4.2.2.1 Lithium Ferrite (LiFe2.5O4)–Based Glass Ceramics | 210 | ||
| 4.2.2.2 Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4)–Based Glass Ceramics | 212 | ||
| Magnetic Properties | 213 | ||
| 4.3 Application of Hard Magnetic Nano-Glass Ceramics | 213 | ||
| 4.3.1 Barium Hexaferrite (BaFe12O19)–Based Glass Ceramics | 214 | ||
| 4.3.2 Strontium Hexaferrite (SrFe12O19)–Based Glass Ceramics | 219 | ||
| 4.4 Concluding Remarks | 222 | ||
| 5 Biomedical Applications of Nano-Glass Ceramics | 225 | ||
| 5.1 Definitions | 227 | ||
| Biocompatibility | 227 | ||
| Bone Grafting | 227 | ||
| Cellular Differentiation | 227 | ||
| Cellular Proliferation | 227 | ||
| Osteoconduction | 227 | ||
| Osteoinduction | 228 | ||
| Osteogenesis | 228 | ||
| Bioinert Materials | 228 | ||
| Bioactive Materials | 228 | ||
| Resorbable Biomaterials | 229 | ||
| 5.2 Applications | 229 | ||
| 5.2.1 Nano-Structured Bioglass-Ceramic Coatings | 229 | ||
| 5.2.1.1 Enamels | 230 | ||
| 5.2.1.2 Plasma-Sprayed Coatings | 231 | ||
| 5.2.1.3 Coatings Produced by Sol-Gel Technique | 233 | ||
| 5.2.1.4 Coatings Produced by the Magnetron Sputtering Technique | 234 | ||
| 5.2.2 Nano-Glass Ceramics in Implantology and Dentistry | 235 | ||
| 5.3 Concluding Remarks | 240 | ||
| 6 Other Applications of Nano-Glass Ceramics | 243 | ||
| 6.1 Nanoporous Glass Ceramics | 243 | ||
| 6.1.1 Fabrication, Properties, and Application of Porous Glass Ceramics | 244 | ||
| 6.2 Tough Nano-Glass Ceramics for Magnetic Memory Disk Substrates | 250 | ||
| 6.2.1 Nucleation and Crystallization | 250 | ||
| 6.2.2 Mechanical Properties | 250 | ||
| 6.3 Nano-Glass-Ceramic Coatings and Sealants | 251 | ||
| 6.3.1 SOFC Sealants | 252 | ||
| 6.3.1.1 The Glass-Ceramic Materials Employed in SOFC Sealants | 252 | ||
| 6.3.2 Glass-Ceramic Coatings as Thermal Barriers | 255 | ||
| 6.3.3 Glass-Ceramic Sealants for Solid-State Batteries | 258 | ||
| 6.4 Concluding Remarks | 258 | ||
| References | 261 | ||
| Index | 275 |