BOOK
Dermatological Signs of Systemic Disease E-Book
Jeffrey P. Callen | Joseph L. Jorizzo | John J. Zone | Warren Piette | Misha A. Rosenbach | Ruth Ann Vleugels
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The new edition of Dermatological Signs of Systemic Disease helps you identify a full range of common and rare systemic diseases early on so they can be managed as effectively as possible. Formerly titled Dermatological Signs of Internal Disease, it takes an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment, offering dependable clinical recommendations that enable you to attain definitive diagnoses of internal diseases that manifest on the skin.
- Allows you to attain definitive diagnoses of internal diseases that manifest on the skin.
- Uses a consistent, user-friendly format for easy reference.
- Covers hot topics such as lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, autoinflammatory diseases, eosinophilic and neutrophilic dermatoses, and psoriasis therapies and co-morbidities.
- Highlights newer therapies and treatment options for most diseases.
- Includes over 500 full-color illustrations - 200 new to this edition - that provide the best possible representations of diseases as they appear in the clinic.
- Features more viewpoints from an expanded team of nationally recognized experts in their respective fields.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | ES1 | ||
| IFC | i | ||
| Dermatological Signs of Systemic Disease | ii | ||
| Dermatological Signs of Systemic Disease | iv | ||
| Copyright | v | ||
| Dedication | vi | ||
| Contents | viii | ||
| Preface | x | ||
| Contributors | xii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xviii | ||
| 1 - LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS | 1 | ||
| CHRONIC CUTANEOUS LUPUSERYTHEMATOSUS | 1 | ||
| Discoid Lupus Erythematosus | 2 | ||
| Hypertrophic Lupus Erythematosus | 2 | ||
| Palmar/Plantar Discoid Lupus Erythematosus | 2 | ||
| Oral Discoid Lupus Erythematosus | 2 | ||
| Tumid Lupus Erythematosus | 2 | ||
| Lupus Panniculitis | 4 | ||
| Chilblains Lupus | 5 | ||
| DLE–SLE Subset | 5 | ||
| SUBACUTE CUTANEOUS LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS | 5 | ||
| NEONATAL LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS | 7 | ||
| ACUTE CUTANEOUS LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS | 7 | ||
| OTHER CUTANEOUS CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS | 8 | ||
| LABORATORY PHENOMENA IN PATIENTS WITH CUTANEOUS LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS | 9 | ||
| TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS | 10 | ||
| 2 - DERMATOMYOSITIS | 13 | ||
| DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION | 13 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 13 | ||
| Muscle Disease | 16 | ||
| Systemic Features | 16 | ||
| AMYOPATHIC DERMATOMYOSITIS | 17 | ||
| MYOSITIS AND MALIGNANCY | 18 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH MYOSITIS | 18 | ||
| COURSE AND TREATMENT | 19 | ||
| 3 - SCLERODERMA, RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON, AND RELATED CONDITIONS | 22 | ||
| SCLERODERMA | 22 | ||
| Morphea (Localized Scleroderma) | 22 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 22 | ||
| Diagnosis | 24 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 24 | ||
| Management | 24 | ||
| Circumscribed Morphea. | 25 | ||
| Linear Morphea. | 25 | ||
| Generalized Morphea. | 25 | ||
| Systemic Sclerosis | 25 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 25 | ||
| Diagnosis | 26 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 27 | ||
| Management | 28 | ||
| Skin Manifestations. | 28 | ||
| Systemic Manifestations. | 28 | ||
| EOSINOPHILIC FASCIITIS | 28 | ||
| RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON AND RELATED DISORDERS | 29 | ||
| MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE | 29 | ||
| NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 38) | 29 | ||
| 4 - VASCULITIS | 31 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 31 | ||
| NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA | 31 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 31 | ||
| Spectrum of CV in Systemic Vasculitideswith Predominant Organ InvolvementDifferent from the Skin | 33 | ||
| Takayasu Arteritis | 33 | ||
| Polyarteritis Nodosa | 33 | ||
| ANCA-Associated Vasculitis | 34 | ||
| Immune Complex Small Vessel Vasculitis | 34 | ||
| Spectrum of Cutaneous Vasculitis Associated with Autoimmune Systemic Diseases | 35 | ||
| VASCULITIS VARIANTS | 35 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH | 36 | ||
| TREATMENT | 36 | ||
| 5 - Neutrophilic Dermatoses | 39 | ||
| BEHÇET’S DISEASE | 39 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 39 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 39 | ||
| Histopathology | 40 | ||
| Treatment | 40 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 40 | ||
| Histopathology and Laboratory Findings | 41 | ||
| Associated Conditions | 41 | ||
| Treatment | 41 | ||
| Pyostomatitis Vegetans | 41 | ||
| Atypical or Bullous Pyoderma Gangrenosum | 41 | ||
| Peristomal Pyoderma Gangrenosum | 42 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 42 | ||
| Histopathology | 42 | ||
| Associated Conditions | 43 | ||
| Treatment | 43 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 43 | ||
| Histopathology | 43 | ||
| Treatment | 44 | ||
| 6 - PSORIASIS AND SYSTEMIC DISEASE | 45 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 45 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 45 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 45 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 47 | ||
| TREATMENT | 47 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 49 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 49 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 50 | ||
| 7 - Other Rheumatologic–Dermatologic Conditions | 51 | ||
| 8 - AUTOINFLAMMATORY SYNDROMES | 59 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 59 | ||
| MOLECULAR PRIMER | 59 | ||
| CRYOPYRIN-ASSOCIATED PERIODIC SYNDROME | 59 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 59 | ||
| Clinical Features | 59 | ||
| Evaluation | 59 | ||
| Treatment | 60 | ||
| SCHNITZLER’S SYNDROME | 60 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 60 | ||
| Clinical Features | 60 | ||
| Evaluation | 62 | ||
| Treatment | 62 | ||
| DEFICIENCY OF THE INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST | 62 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 62 | ||
| Clinical Features | 62 | ||
| Evaluation | 63 | ||
| Treatment | 63 | ||
| TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED PERIODIC SYNDROME | 63 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 63 | ||
| 9 - EOSINOPHIL-ASSOCIATED DISEASES WITH DERMATOLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS | 69 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 69 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 70 | ||
| HISTOPATHOLOGY | 72 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 72 | ||
| TREATMENT | 72 | ||
| 10 - URTICARIA | 77 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 77 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 78 | ||
| Diseases Related to Urticaria | 79 | ||
| Distinctive Urticarial Syndromes | 80 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 82 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 83 | ||
| TREATMENT | 83 | ||
| 11 - ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME, STEVENS–JOHNSON SYNDROME, AND TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS | 87 | ||
| 12 - PANNICULITIS | 93 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 93 | ||
| PREDOMINANTLY SEPTALPANNICULITIS | 93 | ||
| Erythema Nodosum | 93 | ||
| Superficial Migratory Thrombophlebitis | 96 | ||
| Pancreatic Panniculitis | 96 | ||
| Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Panniculitis | 97 | ||
| Lipoatrophy | 97 | ||
| 13 - PRURITUS | 99 | ||
| SKIN SIGNS OF CHRONIC PRURITUS | 99 | ||
| COMMON COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PRURITUS | 99 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 99 | ||
| EXAMINATION | 100 | ||
| INVESTIGATIONS | 100 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GENERALIZED PRURITUS | 100 | ||
| END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE PRURITUS | 101 | ||
| PRURITUS OF CHOLESTASIS | 101 | ||
| LYMPHOMAS, LEUKEMIA, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE | 102 | ||
| ENDOCRINE DISEASE | 102 | ||
| PRURITUS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION | 102 | ||
| NEUROPATHIC ITCH | 102 | ||
| PREGNANCY | 102 | ||
| TREATMENT OF PRURITUS | 102 | ||
| 14 - ERYTHRODERMA | 104 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 104 | ||
| CAUSE AND PATHOGENESIS | 104 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 105 | ||
| EVALUATION | 106 | ||
| HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS | 106 | ||
| COURSE AND TREATMENT | 107 | ||
| 15 - PURPURA | 109 | ||
| PURPURA | 109 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 109 | ||
| Simple Hemorrhage | 109 | ||
| Petechial Simple Hemorrhage | 109 | ||
| Intravascular Pressure Spikes. | 110 | ||
| Minimally Inflammatory Microvascular Syndromes. | 110 | ||
| Coagulation Cascade Problems in Hemostasis. | 110 | ||
| Other Intravascular Causes of Hemorrhage. | 110 | ||
| Vascular Causes | 110 | ||
| Inflammatory Causes. | 110 | ||
| Noninflammatory Causes. | 112 | ||
| Extravascular Causes | 113 | ||
| Diascopy | 114 | ||
| Inflammation | 114 | ||
| Bland Occlusion | 115 | ||
| HISTORY AND PHYSICAL FINDINGS | 115 | ||
| HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS | 115 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 115 | ||
| EVALUATION | 116 | ||
| TREATMENT | 116 | ||
| 16 - BULLOUS DISEASES | 117 | ||
| PEMPHIGUS | 117 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 118 | ||
| Classification | 119 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 121 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 121 | ||
| Treatment | 122 | ||
| BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID | 122 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 123 | ||
| Classification | 123 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 124 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 125 | ||
| Treatment | 125 | ||
| EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA ACQUISITA | 126 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 126 | ||
| Classification | 126 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 126 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 127 | ||
| Treatment | 127 | ||
| DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS | 127 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 127 | ||
| Clinical Features | 127 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 128 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 128 | ||
| Treatment | 128 | ||
| LINEAR IGA BULLOUS DERMATOSIS | 129 | ||
| Classification | 129 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 129 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 129 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 130 | ||
| Treatment | 130 | ||
| 17 - Skin Signs of Internal Malignancy | 132 | ||
| PROLIFERATIVE AND INFLAMMATORYDERMATOSES | 131 | ||
| Acanthosis Nigricans | 131 | ||
| Bazex Syndrome | 132 | ||
| Bullous Dermatoses | 132 | ||
| Dermatomyositis and Other Collagen–Vascular Disorders | 133 | ||
| Eruptive Angiomas, Telangiectases, and Seborrheic Keratoses | 134 | ||
| Erythroderma | 134 | ||
| Figurate Erythemas | 134 | ||
| Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa (Malignant Down) | 134 | ||
| Acquired Ichthyosis | 135 | ||
| Keratoacanthoma | 135 | ||
| Migratory Thrombophlebitis (Trousseau Syndrome) | 135 | ||
| Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis | 135 | ||
| Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides) | 135 | ||
| Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma | 135 | ||
| Paget’s Disease of the Breast and Extramammary Paget’s Disease | 136 | ||
| Pityriasis Rotunda | 136 | ||
| Punctate Keratoses and Arsenical Keratoses of the Palms and Soles | 136 | ||
| Pyoderma Gangrenosum and Other “Neutrophilic” Dermatoses | 136 | ||
| Pachydermoperiostosis | 137 | ||
| Tripe Palms | 137 | ||
| Vitiligo | 137 | ||
| Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Syndrome | 137 | ||
| Necrolytic Migratory Erythema (Glucagonoma Syndrome) | 137 | ||
| Cowden Disease (OMIM | 138 | ||
| Gardner’s Syndrome (OMIM | 138 | ||
| Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer (OMIM | 138 | ||
| Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (OMIM | 139 | ||
| Muir–Torre Syndrome (OMIM | 139 | ||
| Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome (OMIM | 139 | ||
| Von Recklinghausen’s Disease (OMIM | 140 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 140 | ||
| 18 - DERMATOLOGIC ADVERSE EVENTS OF CANCER THERAPY | 141 | ||
| Nitrogen Mustards | 141 | ||
| Aziridines and Epoxides | 143 | ||
| Alkyl Sulfonates | 143 | ||
| Nitrosoureas | 146 | ||
| Hydrazines and Triazine Derivatives | 146 | ||
| Hydroxyurea | 146 | ||
| Antimetabolite Agents | 146 | ||
| Folate Antagonists | 146 | ||
| Pyrimidine Analogs | 146 | ||
| Purine Analogs | 147 | ||
| Topoisomerase Inhibitors | 147 | ||
| Topoisomerase I Inhibitors | 147 | ||
| Topoisomerase II Inhibitors | 148 | ||
| Vinca Alkaloids | 148 | ||
| Estramustine Phosphate Sodium | 148 | ||
| Proteasome Inhibitors | 149 | ||
| Demethylating Agents | 149 | ||
| Retinoids | 149 | ||
| Arsenicals | 149 | ||
| Targeted Anticancer Therapies | 149 | ||
| Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors | 149 | ||
| Multikinase Inhibitors | 151 | ||
| Angiogenesis Inhibitors | 151 | ||
| BRAF Inhibitors | 152 | ||
| Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors | 152 | ||
| Rituximab | 152 | ||
| Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors | 153 | ||
| Other Anticancer Agents | 153 | ||
| Endocrine Agents | 153 | ||
| Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) | 153 | ||
| Estrogen Receptor Downregulators | 153 | ||
| Aromatase Inhibitors | 153 | ||
| Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Agonists | 153 | ||
| Androgens | 153 | ||
| Antiandrogens | 153 | ||
| Megestrol Acetate | 153 | ||
| Somatostatin Analogs | 153 | ||
| Bleomycin | 154 | ||
| Thalidomides | 154 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 154 | ||
| 19 - METASTATIC DISEASE | 155 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 155 | ||
| Appearance | 156 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 157 | ||
| HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS | 157 | ||
| EVALUATION AND PROGNOSIS | 158 | ||
| THERAPY | 158 | ||
| 20 - CUTANEOUS LYMPHOMAS AND CUTANEOUS SIGNS OF SYSTEMIC LYMPHOMAS | 159 | ||
| Sézary Syndrome | 162 | ||
| Primary Cutaneous CD30+ Lymphoproliferative Disorders (pcCD30+LD) | 162 | ||
| Other Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas | 163 | ||
| Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas | 163 | ||
| Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma (cFCL) | 165 | ||
| Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoma (cMZL) | 166 | ||
| Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, Leg-type (cDLBCL-LT) | 166 | ||
| Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm | 166 | ||
| SPECIFIC MANIFESTATIONS AND NONSPECIFIC SIGNS OF SYSTEMIC LYMPHOMAS | 166 | ||
| Cutaneous B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL) | 167 | ||
| Cutaneous Myelogenous Leukemia (cML) | 167 | ||
| Cutaneous Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma (cAITL) | 167 | ||
| Cutaneous Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) | 168 | ||
| Nonspecific Signs of Systemic Lymphomas | 168 | ||
| 21 - Dysproteinemias, Plasma Cell Disorders, and Amyloidosis | 173 | ||
| Cold Agglutinin Disease | 173 | ||
| Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia | 173 | ||
| Cryofibrinogenemia | 173 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 173 | ||
| Histopathologic Findings | 173 | ||
| Evaluation | 174 | ||
| Treatment | 174 | ||
| Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Type (PCMZL-MALT): Formerly Cutaneous Plasmacytoma Plasmacytoma | 175 | ||
| Cutaneous and Systemic Plasmacytosis | 175 | ||
| Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma with Paraproteinemia | 176 | ||
| Other Xanthomatous Diseases | 176 | ||
| Benign Hypergammaglobulinemic Purpura of Waldenström | 176 | ||
| Scleromyxedema | 176 | ||
| Other Disorders | 177 | ||
| Treatment | 177 | ||
| AMYLOIDOSIS | 177 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 177 | ||
| Reactive or Secondary Amyloidosis | 179 | ||
| Hemodialysis-Related Amyloidosis | 179 | ||
| Senile and Mutant Transthyretin (TTR) Amyloidoses (ATTR) | 180 | ||
| Familial Syndromes of Systemic Amyloidosis | 180 | ||
| Skin-Limited Amyloidoses | 180 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 181 | ||
| Subcutaneous Fat Aspiration | 181 | ||
| Evaluation | 181 | ||
| Treatment | 182 | ||
| 22 - CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF THE HISTIOCYTOSES | 183 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 183 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 184 | ||
| Histopathologic Findings | 184 | ||
| Evaluation | 185 | ||
| Treatment | 185 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 185 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 188 | ||
| Evaluation | 188 | ||
| Treatment | 188 | ||
| CLASS III: MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS | 188 | ||
| 23 - VASCULAR NEOPLASMS AND MALFORMATIONS | 192 | ||
| BENIGN VASCULAR TUMORS AND MALFORMATIONS | 195 | ||
| Vascular Tumors | 196 | ||
| Vascular Malformations | 196 | ||
| Angiokeratomas | 200 | ||
| KAPOSI’S SARCOMA | 200 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 200 | ||
| Histopathologic Findings | 202 | ||
| Evaluation and Treatment | 203 | ||
| ANGIOSARCOMA | 203 | ||
| 24 - Diabetes and the Skin | 205 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 205 | ||
| Treatment | 205 | ||
| 25 - Thyroid and the Skin | 216 | ||
| Dermatologic Syndromes Associated with Thyroid Cancer | 216 | ||
| Graves’ Disease | 218 | ||
| Congenital Hypothyroidism | 220 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS CUTANEOUS DISORDERS AND THE THYROID | 221 | ||
| 26 - CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF LIPID DISORDERS | 222 | ||
| Primary Hyperlipoproteinemias | 222 | ||
| Hyperchylomicronemia | 223 | ||
| Increased VLDLs | 223 | ||
| Increased LDLs | 223 | ||
| Elevated IDLs | 224 | ||
| Secondary Hyperlipoproteinemias | 224 | ||
| Normolipemic Xanthomatosis | 224 | ||
| Hypolipoproteinemias | 224 | ||
| CUTANEOUS XANTHOMAS | 225 | ||
| Tendinous Xanthomas | 225 | ||
| Tuberous Xanthomas | 225 | ||
| Planar Xanthomas | 225 | ||
| Eruptive Xanthomas | 226 | ||
| TREATMENT | 226 | ||
| 27 - Adrenal, Androgen-Related, and Pituitary Disorders | 229 | ||
| Pheochromocytoma | 230 | ||
| Deficient Androgen Activity | 232 | ||
| Adrenogenital Syndromes | 232 | ||
| DISORDERS OF STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS | 232 | ||
| Hypopituitarism | 233 | ||
| 28 - PORPHYRIAS | 235 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 237 | ||
| Etiologic Associations | 237 | ||
| Evaluation | 239 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 239 | ||
| Treatment | 239 | ||
| ERYTHROPOIETIC PROTOPORPHYRIA AND X-LINKED DOMINANT PROTOPORPHYRIA | 240 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 241 | ||
| 29 - CUTANEOUS DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH GASTROINTESTINAL ABNORMALITIES | 243 | ||
| Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum | 243 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 243 | ||
| Presentation | 243 | ||
| Evaluation | 244 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 244 | ||
| Treatment | 245 | ||
| Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia | 245 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 245 | ||
| Presentation | 245 | ||
| Evaluation | 246 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 246 | ||
| Treatment | 246 | ||
| POLYPOSIS SYNDROMES | 246 | ||
| Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes | 246 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 247 | ||
| Presentation | 247 | ||
| Evaluation | 247 | ||
| Treatment | 248 | ||
| Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes | 248 | ||
| MALABSORPTION | 248 | ||
| Acrodermatitis Enteropathica | 248 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 248 | ||
| Presentation | 249 | ||
| 30 - HEPATIC DISEASE AND THE SKIN | 255 | ||
| PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS | 257 | ||
| HEMOCHROMATOSIS | 258 | ||
| WILSON’S DISEASE | 258 | ||
| CUTANEOUS DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH VIRAL HEPATITIS | 259 | ||
| 31 - VIRAL DISEASES | 262 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 262 | ||
| Diagnosis | 262 | ||
| 32 - BACTERIAL AND RICKETTSIAL DISEASES | 271 | ||
| 33 - FUNGAL DISEASES | 277 | ||
| SPOROTRICHOSIS | 278 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 278 | ||
| Diagnosis | 278 | ||
| Treatment | 278 | ||
| OTHER SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | 278 | ||
| SYSTEMIC MYCOSES | 279 | ||
| HISTOPLASMOSIS | 279 | ||
| 34 - Protozoal Diseases | 285 | ||
| Treatment | 285 | ||
| Diagnosis | 286 | ||
| Treatment | 286 | ||
| 35 - ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS | 289 | ||
| Cutaneous Manifestations: Infectious | 289 | ||
| Viral Infections | 290 | ||
| Bacterial Infections | 292 | ||
| Fungal Infections | 293 | ||
| Parasitic/Ectoparasitic Infections | 294 | ||
| Cutaneous Manifestations: Inflammatory | 294 | ||
| Cutaneous Manifestations: Neoplastic | 296 | ||
| Cutaneous Manifestations: Miscellaneous | 297 | ||
| Primary Syphilis | 297 | ||
| Secondary Syphilis | 298 | ||
| Tertiary Syphilis | 300 | ||
| Congenital Syphilis | 300 | ||
| Serology Tests. | 300 | ||
| Syphilis in Association with HIV Infection and AIDS | 301 | ||
| Chancroid | 301 | ||
| Granuloma Inguinale | 301 | ||
| Lymphogranuloma Venereum | 302 | ||
| Disseminated Gonococcal Infection | 303 | ||
| 36 - SARCOIDOSIS | 305 | ||
| Intrathoracic Disease | 309 | ||
| Ocular Manifestations | 310 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 310 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Manifestations | 311 | ||
| Neurosarcoidosis | 311 | ||
| Hepatic Sarcoidosis | 311 | ||
| Endocrine, Metabolic, and Laboratory Abnormalities | 311 | ||
| Cardiac Disease | 312 | ||
| Other Clinical Manifestations of Sarcoidosis | 312 | ||
| Relationship of Cutaneous Disease to Systemic Disease | 312 | ||
| HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS | 312 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 312 | ||
| EVALUATION | 313 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 313 | ||
| TREATMENT | 313 | ||
| 37 - CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND THE SKIN | 315 | ||
| CARCINOID SYNDROME | 315 | ||
| MALIGNANT ATROPHIC PAPULOSIS (DEGOS DISEASE) | 319 | ||
| EARLOBE CREASES | 319 | ||
| ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA | 320 | ||
| HEMOCHROMATOSIS | 320 | ||
| RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS | 320 | ||
| EMBOLIC PHENOMENA | 320 | ||
| EHLERS–DANLOS SYNDROME | 320 | ||
| MULTIPLE LENTIGINES (LEOPARD) AND NOONAN SYNDROMES | 320 | ||
| PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM | 321 | ||
| PSORIASIS AND HEART DISEASE | 321 | ||
| MYOSITIS | 321 | ||
| 38 - RENAL DISEASE AND THE SKIN | 323 | ||
| DERMATOLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC AND GENETIC DISORDERS CAUSING CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE | 323 | ||
| DERMATOLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS OF UREMIA | 323 | ||
| Alopecia | 325 | ||
| Calcinosis Cutis | 325 | ||
| Calciphylaxis | 325 | ||
| Kyrle Disease (Acquired Perforating Dermatoses) | 327 | ||
| Nail Changes | 327 | ||
| Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis | 328 | ||
| Pruritus-Related Skin Changes | 328 | ||
| Pigmentary Alteration | 329 | ||
| Bullous Disease (Porphyria and Pseudoporphyria) | 329 | ||
| Uremic Frost | 329 | ||
| Xerosis | 329 | ||
| DERMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL TRANSPLANTATION | 329 | ||
| 39 - CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OBSERVED IN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS | 330 | ||
| Antiviral | 330 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1, HSV-2) | 330 | ||
| Varicella-Zoster Virus | 331 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus | 332 | ||
| Human Herpesvirus 6 | 332 | ||
| Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus 8 | 332 | ||
| Human Papillomavirus | 333 | ||
| Molluscum Contagiosum | 334 | ||
| Nocardia. | 334 | ||
| Mycobacteria | 334 | ||
| Deep Fungal Infections | 336 | ||
| Candida. | 336 | ||
| Aspergillus. | 337 | ||
| Cryptococcus. | 337 | ||
| Dimorphic Fungi | 338 | ||
| Other Opportunistic Mycoses and Parasites | 338 | ||
| NEOPLASMS | 338 | ||
| Squamous Cell and Basal Cell Carcinoma | 338 | ||
| Miscellaneous | 341 | ||
| GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE | 341 | ||
| Acute GVHD | 341 | ||
| Chronic GVHD | 342 | ||
| DRUG EFFECTS | 343 | ||
| 40 - NEUROCUTANEOUS DISEASE | 345 | ||
| NEUROFIBROMATOSIS (VON RECKLINGHAUSEN DISEASE) | 346 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 346 | ||
| Skin Fold Freckling | 347 | ||
| Neurofibromas | 347 | ||
| Lisch Nodules | 348 | ||
| Central Nervous System Involvement | 348 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Disorders | 349 | ||
| Vascular Disorders | 349 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | 349 | ||
| Endocrine Disorders | 349 | ||
| Miscellaneous Disorders | 349 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 349 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 349 | ||
| Genetic Testing | 350 | ||
| Treatment | 350 | ||
| TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX (BOURNEVILLE’S DISEASE) | 350 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 350 | ||
| Hypomelanotic Macules (Ash Leaf Macules) | 351 | ||
| Ungual Fibromas (Koenen’s Tumors) | 351 | ||
| Shagreen Patch | 352 | ||
| Miscellaneous Nevoid Lesions | 352 | ||
| Central Nervous System Involvement | 352 | ||
| Renal Involvement | 352 | ||
| Cardiac and Pulmonary Involvement | 353 | ||
| Miscellaneous Systemic Findings | 353 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 353 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 353 | ||
| Genetic Testing | 354 | ||
| Treatment | 354 | ||
| STURGE–WEBER SYNDROME | 354 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 354 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 355 | ||
| Evaluation and Treatment | 355 | ||
| COBB SYNDROME | 356 | ||
| ATAXIA–TELANGIECTASIA (LOUIS–BAR SYNDROME) | 356 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 356 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 356 | ||
| Treatment | 356 | ||
| Waardenburg Syndrome (OMIM | 357 | ||
| Incontinentia Pigmenti (OMIM | 357 | ||
| Hypomelanosis of Ito (Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians OMIM | 357 | ||
| Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Syndrome | 358 | ||
| Epidermal Nevus Syndrome | 358 | ||
| Ichthyosis-Associated Syndromes | 358 | ||
| 41 - PREGNANCY | 359 | ||
| Jaundice | 360 | ||
| Vascular Changes | 360 | ||
| Palmar Erythema | 360 | ||
| Spider Angioma | 360 | ||
| Edema | 360 | ||
| Varicosities | 360 | ||
| Cutis Marmorata | 360 | ||
| Glandular Changes | 360 | ||
| Hair Changes | 361 | ||
| Nail Changes | 361 | ||
| Mucous Membrane Changes | 361 | ||
| CUTANEOUS NEOPLASMS AFFECTED BY PREGNANCY | 361 | ||
| Melanocytic Nevus | 361 | ||
| Melanoma | 362 | ||
| Molluscum Fibrosum Gravidarum | 362 | ||
| Neurofibroma | 362 | ||
| Pyogenic Granuloma | 362 | ||
| Atopic Dermatitis | 362 | ||
| Autoimmune Progesterone Dermatitis | 363 | ||
| Impetigo Herpetiformis | 363 | ||
| Mucocutaneous Infections | 364 | ||
| Condylomata Acuminata | 364 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus Infection | 364 | ||
| Leprosy | 364 | ||
| Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection | 364 | ||
| Vulvovaginal Candidiasis | 364 | ||
| Lupus Erythematosus | 365 | ||
| Pemphigus | 365 | ||
| Systemic Sclerosis | 365 | ||
| Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome | 365 | ||
| Erythema Nodosum | 365 | ||
| Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Marfan Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis | 366 | ||
| Porphyrias | 366 | ||
| Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum | 366 | ||
| PRURITUS IN PREGNANCY | 366 | ||
| Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy | 366 | ||
| SPECIFIC DERMATOSES OF PREGNANCY | 367 | ||
| Pemphigoid Gestationis | 367 | ||
| Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy | 368 | ||
| Prurigo of Pregnancy | 369 | ||
| Pruritic Folliculitis of Pregnancy | 369 | ||
| 42 - MAST CELL DISEASE | 370 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF MAST CELL DISEASE | 370 | ||
| Cutaneous Lesions | 372 | ||
| Systemic Manifestations | 373 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 373 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 374 | ||
| TREATMENT | 374 | ||
| 43 - HAIR DISORDERS IN SYSTEMIC DISEASE | 377 | ||
| HAIR DISORDERS IN SYSTEMIC DISEASE | 378 | ||
| ALOPECIA | 378 | ||
| Telogen Effluvium | 378 | ||
| Immediate Anagen Release | 378 | ||
| Delayed Anagen Release | 378 | ||
| Short Anagen | 379 | ||
| Immediate Telogen Release | 379 | ||
| Delayed Telogen Release | 379 | ||
| Telogen Effluvium and Drugs | 379 | ||
| Telogen Effluvium and Androgenetic Alopecia | 379 | ||
| Chronic Telogen Effluvium | 379 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 379 | ||
| Anagen Arrest | 380 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 381 | ||
| Androgenetic Alopecia/Hair Miniaturization | 382 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 382 | ||
| Scarring Alopecia (Cicatricial Alopecia) | 382 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 383 | ||
| Hair Shaft Disorders | 383 | ||
| Diagnosis and Management | 384 | ||
| EXCESSIVE HAIR | 385 | ||
| Hypertrichosis | 385 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 385 | ||
| Hirsutism | 385 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 386 | ||
| 44 - NAIL SIGNS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE | 387 | ||
| Mees Lines | 387 | ||
| Pitting | 388 | ||
| Longitudinal Pigmented Bands (Melanonychia) | 388 | ||
| Brittle Nails | 388 | ||
| Koilonychia | 388 | ||
| Muehrcke Lines, Half-and-Half Nails (Lindsay nails), and Terry Nails | 391 | ||
| Onycholysis | 392 | ||
| Nail Fold Capillary Abnormalities | 393 | ||
| Gastrointestinal System | 393 | ||
| Endocrine System | 393 | ||
| Infectious Diseases | 394 | ||
| Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems | 394 | ||
| Psychiatric Conditions | 394 | ||
| Pulmonary System | 394 | ||
| Renal and Genitourinary Systems | 394 | ||
| Reproductive System | 395 | ||
| Rheumatologic Diseases | 395 | ||
| Nail Changes Associated with Malignancy | 396 | ||
| Miscellaneous | 396 | ||
| 45 - ORAL DISEASE | 397 | ||
| CHEILITIS GRANULOMATOSA (MELKERSSON–ROSENTHAL SYNDROME) | 397 | ||
| NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS | 400 | ||
| ORAL PIGMENTATION | 400 | ||
| XEROSTOMIA | 400 | ||
| GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA | 401 | ||
| 46 - LEG ULCERS | 402 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Chronic Ulcerations | 404 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Venous Ulceration | 406 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Arterial Ulceration | 407 | ||
| PATIENT HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION FINDINGS | 407 | ||
| History | 407 | ||
| Physical Examination | 408 | ||
| COMMON CAUSES OF ULCERATION | 409 | ||
| Venous Ulcerations | 409 | ||
| Arterial Ulcerations | 410 | ||
| Atypical Wounds | 411 | ||
| Vascular Studies | 412 | ||
| Venous Studies | 412 | ||
| Arterial Studies | 414 | ||
| Biopsy | 414 | ||
| Wound Swabs | 420 | ||
| Radiographic Studies | 420 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 420 | ||
| GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF WOUND CARE | 420 | ||
| Debridement of Devitalized Tissue | 420 | ||
| Management of Infection | 420 | ||
| Wound Dressings | 421 | ||
| Limb Elevation | 422 | ||
| Compression | 422 | ||
| Elastic Support Stockings | 422 | ||
| Unna Boot | 422 | ||
| Elastic Multilayer Bandaging Systems | 422 | ||
| Skin Grafts | 422 | ||
| Tissue-Engineered Products | 422 | ||
| Pentoxifylline | 423 | ||
| Aspirin | 423 | ||
| Venous Surgery | 423 | ||
| Pain Management | 423 | ||
| Management of Arterial Ulcerations | 423 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 423 | ||
| 47 - CUTANEOUS DRUG ERUPTIONS | 425 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CUTANEOUS DRUG REACTIONS | 425 | ||
| DRUG-INDUCED SKIN INJURY | 425 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH A SUSPECTED DRUG ERUPTION | 425 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF CUTANEOUS DRUG ERUPTIONS | 428 | ||
| Complex Eruption: Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome | 430 | ||
| Complex Urticarial: Serum Sickness-Like Reaction | 431 | ||
| Complex: Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis | 432 | ||
| Drug-Induced Bullous Pemphigoid | 432 | ||
| Drug-Induced Immunoglobulin-A Bullous Dermatosis | 432 | ||
| Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis | 433 | ||
| Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis | 434 | ||
| Eruptions Caused by Biologic Treatments | 434 | ||
| Drug-Induced Lupus | 434 | ||
| Vasculitis | 434 | ||
| Other Miscellaneous | 435 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 435 | ||
| 48 - Principles of Systemic Drug Use | 437 | ||
| Principle 3. “Risk–Risk” Analysis Is Performed by Comparing the Risk(s) of a Given Disease (As Defined Earlier) with the Inheren... | 437 | ||
| Principle 4. It Is Important to Be Aware of a Given Drug’s Official Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-Approved Indications, and... | 438 | ||
| Principle 5. The Priority Sequence of Systemic Drug Choices Should Be Individualized for Each Specific Patient. Factors Such As ... | 438 | ||
| Principle 3. Monitoring for Adverse Effects Associated with Systemic Drugs Used in Dermatology Is Largely Based on Risk Reductio... | 439 | ||
| Principle 4. Virtually All Tests and Examinations to Be Used in the Monitoring Process Should Have a Baseline Determination | 440 | ||
| Principle 5. “Critical Toxicities” Are Defined as Any Drug-Induced Adverse Effect that May Result in Either Loss of Life or Pote... | 440 | ||
| Principle 6. Risk Reduction Can Be Optimized through the Use of Well-Defined Monitoring Guidelines | 440 | ||
| Principle 7. Monitoring Guidelines Are Based on Data from Low-Risk Patients with Normal Test Results. More Frequent Surveillance... | 440 | ||
| Principle 9. Share the Responsibility of Monitoring for Adverse Effects with Other Appropriate Specialists | 441 | ||
| Principle 10. Minimize the Risk of Systemic Drug Therapy through Adjunctive Therapy with Other Systemic Drugs and Topical or Loc... | 441 | ||
| Index | 443 | ||
| A | 443 | ||
| B | 444 | ||
| C | 445 | ||
| D | 447 | ||
| E | 447 | ||
| F | 448 | ||
| G | 448 | ||
| H | 449 | ||
| I | 450 | ||
| J | 451 | ||
| K | 451 | ||
| L | 451 | ||
| M | 452 | ||
| N | 453 | ||
| O | 453 | ||
| P | 453 | ||
| Q | 455 | ||
| R | 455 | ||
| S | 456 | ||
| T | 457 | ||
| U | 458 | ||
| V | 458 | ||
| W | 459 | ||
| X | 459 | ||
| Y | 459 | ||
| Z | 459 |