Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Master the surgical techniques needed to treat large animals! A comprehensive resource, Farm Animal Surgery, 2nd Edition provides clear, step-by-step guidelines to performing common, field-tested surgical procedures. Coverage includes key information such as patient examination and preparation, diagnostic imaging, surgical procedures by body system, anesthesia concerns, fluid therapy, and postoperative management. Written by large animal specialists Susan Fubini and Norm Ducharme, along with a team of expert contributors, this resource is also an invaluable tool in preparing for ACVS or ECVS board exams.
- Consistent, logical organization makes it easy to find important information, with each section devoted to a single animal and chapters organized by body system.
- Step-by-step guidelines cover bovine, sheep and goat, and swine surgeries by body system.
- 775 full-color photographs and anatomic drawings illustrate common disorders, techniques, and equipment for large animal surgery.
- Up-to-date information on key surgical techniques keeps you aware of advances in the field and practical knowledge of animal care.
- 35 expert contributors provide a diverse, authoritative perspective on the many aspects of large animal surgery.
- References are provided for very specialized procedures.
- NEW surgical procedures are included for each species — many with illustrated, step-by-step instructions.
- NEWÂ coverage of the physical examination includes cow, swine, goats, and sheep, to facilitate more accurate diagnoses of medical or surgical conditions.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Farm Animal Surgery | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vi | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| Table Of Contents | x | ||
| I General Considerations to All Species | 1 | ||
| 1 Examination of the Surgical Patient | 1 | ||
| Examination of Adult Cattle | 1 | ||
| Physical Examination | 1 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures | 1 | ||
| Rumen-Fluid Analysis | 1 | ||
| Ororumen Tube | 2 | ||
| Abdominocentesis | 2 | ||
| Laboratory Work | 3 | ||
| Abdominal Ultrasonography | 3 | ||
| Disorders Causing Abdominal Distention in Cattle | 3 | ||
| Vagus Indigestion | 3 | ||
| I—Failure of Eructation | 4 | ||
| II—Failure of Omasal Transport | 4 | ||
| III—Failure of Abomasal Outflow | 5 | ||
| Other Causes of Ruminal Distention | 5 | ||
| Froth Accumulation in the Rumen | 5 | ||
| Rumen Acidosis | 6 | ||
| Abomasal Ulcers | 6 | ||
| Disorders that Cause Tympanitic Resonance (Pings) in Cattle | 6 | ||
| Left-Sided Pings | 6 | ||
| Left Displacement of the Abomasum | 6 | ||
| Rumen-Void Ping | 7 | ||
| Pneumoperitoneum | 7 | ||
| Right-Sided Pings | 7 | ||
| Right Displacement and/or Volvulus of the Abomasum | 7 | ||
| Cecal Dilatation and/or Volvulus | 8 | ||
| Distention of the Proximal Colon | 9 | ||
| Pneumorectum | 9 | ||
| Distention of the Small Intestine | 9 | ||
| Physometra | 9 | ||
| Ventral Sac of Rumen | 9 | ||
| Examination of the Calf | 9 | ||
| Examination of the Small Ruminant | 12 | ||
| Color of the Conjunctiva and Sclera | 12 | ||
| Body-Condition Scoring | 13 | ||
| Further Examination of the Eyes | 13 | ||
| Teeth | 13 | ||
| Lymph Node Examination | 13 | ||
| Lameness | 14 | ||
| Respiratory Examination | 14 | ||
| Examination of the Abdomen | 15 | ||
| Evaluation of the Urinary Tract | 15 | ||
| Examination of the Udder and Scrotum | 16 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 16 | ||
| Examination of the Surgical Patient (Pig) | 16 | ||
| General Considerations | 16 | ||
| Safety, Handling, and Restraint | 17 | ||
| Vital Signs | 18 | ||
| General Appearance | 18 | ||
| Skin | 18 | ||
| Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Mouth, Throat, and Neck | 18 | ||
| Cardiovascular | 19 | ||
| Respiratory | 19 | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 19 | ||
| Mammary | 19 | ||
| Musculoskeletal | 19 | ||
| Nervous | 20 | ||
| Reproductive | 20 | ||
| Urinary | 20 | ||
| Hemolymphatic | 20 | ||
| Ancillary Diagnostics | 21 | ||
| Intravenous Catheterization | 21 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 22 | ||
| 2 Diagnostic Imaging | 23 | ||
| Radiography | 23 | ||
| Ultrasound | 24 | ||
| Nuclear Medicine, CT, and MRI | 27 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 28 | ||
| 3 Presurgical Considerations | 29 | ||
| Preoperative Preparation | 29 | ||
| Evaluation of the Patient | 29 | ||
| Decision Making | 29 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 29 | ||
| Preparation of the Surgery Site | 29 | ||
| Preparation of the Surgeon | 30 | ||
| Draping the Surgical Field | 31 | ||
| Prevention of Peritonitis and Surgical Infection | 31 | ||
| Precontamination | 31 | ||
| Contamination | 31 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 32 | ||
| Surgical Considerations | 32 | ||
| Perioperative Antimicrobials and Analgesics | 32 | ||
| Perioperative Analgesics | 33 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 33 | ||
| Facilities and Restraining Devices | 33 | ||
| Introduction | 33 | ||
| Animal Behavior | 34 | ||
| Knots | 34 | ||
| Square Knot | 34 | ||
| Quick-Release Slip Knot | 34 | ||
| Bowline Knot | 34 | ||
| Restraint of Cattle | 34 | ||
| Moving Cattle | 34 | ||
| Getting a Cow to Stand | 35 | ||
| Moving Animals by Halter | 35 | ||
| Moving Animals through Chutes | 36 | ||
| Head Restraint | 36 | ||
| Halters | 36 | ||
| Nose Tongs | 36 | ||
| Head Gates | 36 | ||
| Kicking | 36 | ||
| Hobbles | 36 | ||
| Flanking | 37 | ||
| Tailing | 37 | ||
| Tail Ties | 37 | ||
| Surgical Position | 37 | ||
| Surgical Tables | 37 | ||
| Casting | 37 | ||
| Foot Restraint | 37 | ||
| Hind Feet | 37 | ||
| Front Feet | 37 | ||
| Restraint of Small Ruminants | 38 | ||
| Moving Small Ruminants | 38 | ||
| Head Restraint | 38 | ||
| Surgical Positioning | 38 | ||
| Restraint of Swine | 39 | ||
| Moving Swine | 39 | ||
| Head Restraint—Snare | 39 | ||
| Surgical Positioning | 39 | ||
| Body Restraint | 39 | ||
| Crates or Chutes | 39 | ||
| Barrier | 39 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 39 | ||
| Downer Cows: Case Management and Appropriate Use of a Floating Tank | 39 | ||
| Occurrence and Etiology | 39 | ||
| Definition of a Downer Cow | 40 | ||
| Pathophysiology of a Downer Cow | 40 | ||
| Assessment of a Downer Cow | 40 | ||
| History | 40 | ||
| Age of the Animal | 41 | ||
| Calving | 41 | ||
| Trauma | 41 | ||
| Behavior While Being Recumbent | 41 | ||
| Treatment History and Response | 41 | ||
| Physical Examination | 41 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Examination and Conditions | 41 | ||
| Pelvic Limb | 42 | ||
| Thoracic Limb | 43 | ||
| Vertebral Column | 43 | ||
| Other Areas of Concern | 43 | ||
| Nonfatal Musculoskeletal Conditions on a Downer Cow | 44 | ||
| Muscular Damage | 44 | ||
| Peroneus Tertius (That Is, Fibularis Tertius) Rupture (See Chapter 15) | 44 | ||
| Brachial, Radial Nerve Paralysis | 44 | ||
| Fatal Musculoskeletal Conditions on a Downer Adult Cow | 44 | ||
| Ventral Coxofemoral Luxation | 45 | ||
| Ruptured Gastrocnemius | 45 | ||
| Femoral Fracture | 45 | ||
| Vertebral Trauma and Lymphoma | 45 | ||
| Acute Systemic Inflammatory Conditions | 45 | ||
| Neurologic Deficit | 45 | ||
| Electrolyte Imbalance | 45 | ||
| Treatment and Management of a Down Cow | 45 | ||
| Stall and Stall Surface | 45 | ||
| Fluid-Replacement Therapy | 46 | ||
| Pain Control and Antiinflammatory Drugs | 46 | ||
| Antibiotic Therapy | 46 | ||
| Lifting a Cow | 46 | ||
| Physical Assistance | 46 | ||
| Lifting Straps | 46 | ||
| Hip Clamps | 46 | ||
| Inflatable Ball | 47 | ||
| Flotation Tanks/Aqua Cow | 47 | ||
| Complications | 47 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 49 | ||
| Biosecurity | 49 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 50 | ||
| Special Considerations When Working with Rescue Organizations | 50 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 54 | ||
| 4 Fluid Therapy | 55 | ||
| Estimating Rehydration Needs | 55 | ||
| Choice of Solution | 56 | ||
| Fluid Therapy in Cattle with Metabolic Acidosis | 56 | ||
| Alkalinizing Solutions | 56 | ||
| Calculating Base Deficit | 57 | ||
| Electrolyte Needs | 57 | ||
| Summary | 57 | ||
| Fluid Therapy in Cattle without Metabolic Acidosis | 57 | ||
| Nonalkalinizing Solutions | 57 | ||
| Hypertonic Saline Solution | 58 | ||
| Summary | 58 | ||
| Equipment and Techniques | 58 | ||
| Intraruminal Administration | 58 | ||
| IV Administration | 58 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 59 | ||
| 5 Sedation, General Anesthesia, and Analgesia | 60 | ||
| Preparation for Sedation or General Anesthesia in Farm Animals | 60 | ||
| Preparation of the Patient | 60 | ||
| Preparation of Facility and Equipment/Supplies | 60 | ||
| Sedation of Farm Animals | 62 | ||
| General Considerations | 62 | ||
| Cattle | 62 | ||
| Sheep and Goats | 63 | ||
| II Bovine (Adult) | 179 | ||
| 12 Surgery of the Bovine (Adult) Integumentary System | 179 | ||
| Wounds | 179 | ||
| Wound Healing | 179 | ||
| Inflammation | 179 | ||
| Debridement | 179 | ||
| Repair | 179 | ||
| Maturation | 179 | ||
| Factors That Affect Wound Healing | 179 | ||
| Wound Management | 180 | ||
| Patient Assessment | 180 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 180 | ||
| Anesthesia | 180 | ||
| Wound Assessment | 180 | ||
| Wound Lavage | 180 | ||
| Wound Debridement | 180 | ||
| Management Options | 180 | ||
| Primary Wound Closure | 181 | ||
| Delayed Primary or Secondary Closure | 181 | ||
| Second-Intention Healing | 182 | ||
| Bandaging | 183 | ||
| Wet-to-Dry Dressings | 183 | ||
| Semiocclusive, Nonadherent Dressings | 183 | ||
| Topical Medications | 183 | ||
| Aloe Vera Extract | 183 | ||
| Triple Antibiotic Ointment | 183 | ||
| Silver Sulfadiazine | 183 | ||
| Nitrofurazone | 183 | ||
| Povidone-Iodine Ointment | 183 | ||
| Petroleum | 183 | ||
| Systemic Medication | 183 | ||
| Tetanus Toxoid | 183 | ||
| Systemic Antibiotics | 183 | ||
| Myiasis | 184 | ||
| Exuberant Granulation Tissue (Proud Flesh) | 184 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 184 | ||
| Skin Grafts | 184 | ||
| Introduction | 184 | ||
| Patient Selection | 185 | ||
| Graft Harvest | 185 | ||
| Graft Implantation | 185 | ||
| Aftercare | 185 | ||
| Outcome | 185 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 186 | ||
| Dehorning/Cornuectomy | 186 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 186 | ||
| Anatomy | 186 | ||
| Restraint | 187 | ||
| Anesthesia and Analgesia | 187 | ||
| Methods | 187 | ||
| Chemical Dehorning | 187 | ||
| Thermal Dehorning | 188 | ||
| Portable | 188 | ||
| Corded | 188 | ||
| Cutting Dehorning | 188 | ||
| Tube Dehorner | 188 | ||
| Scoop/Gouge Dehorner | 188 | ||
| Keystone | 189 | ||
| Electrically Powered | 189 | ||
| Obstetric Wire and Others | 189 | ||
| Genetic and Other | 189 | ||
| Cosmetic Dehorning | 190 | ||
| Preparation | 190 | ||
| Technique | 190 | ||
| Aftercare and Complications | 190 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 191 | ||
| Insertion of a Nose Ring | 192 | ||
| 13 Surgery of the Bovine (Adult) Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems | 193 | ||
| Diagnostics | 193 | ||
| Physical Examination | 193 | ||
| Endoscopic Examination | 194 | ||
| Imaging Examination | 195 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 195 | ||
| Nasal Obstruction | 196 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 199 | ||
| Disorders of the Paranasal Sinuses | 199 | ||
| Occurrence and Etiology | 199 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 201 | ||
| Disorders of the Nasopharynx | 201 | ||
| Occurrence and Etiology | 201 | ||
| Pharyngeal Trauma | 202 | ||
| Pharyngotomy | 202 | ||
| Retropharyngeal Mass | 203 | ||
| Pharyngeal Collapse and Swelling | 203 | ||
| Persistent Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate | 203 | ||
| Palatoschisis (Cleft Palate) | 203 | ||
| Preoperative Treatments and Surgical Preparation | 204 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 204 | ||
| Postoperative Treatments | 204 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 205 | ||
| Disorders of the Larynx | 205 | ||
| Occurrence and Etiology | 205 | ||
| Preoperative Treatments and Surgical Preparation | 206 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 206 | ||
| Arytenoidectomy | 206 | ||
| Postoperative Treatments and Complications | 206 | ||
| Other Surgical Approaches to Laryngeal Obstruction | 207 | ||
| Laryngeal Obstruction in Adult Cattle | 208 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 208 | ||
| Disorders of the Extrathoracic Trachea | 209 | ||
| Tracheotomy and Temporary Tracheostomy Tube | 209 | ||
| Permanent Tracheostomy | 210 | ||
| Tracheal Collapse | 210 | ||
| Tracheal Stenosis | 211 | ||
| Extratracheal Compression | 211 | ||
| Intratracheal Obstruction | 212 | ||
| Tracheal Resection and Anastomosis | 212 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 212 | ||
| Disorders of the Lungs and Pleural Cavity | 212 | ||
| Occurrence and Etiology | 212 | ||
| Management | 212 | ||
| Anesthetic Considerations for Lateral Thoracotomy | 213 | ||
| Surgical Considerations | 213 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 215 | ||
| Diaphragmatic Hernia | 215 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 216 | ||
| Disorders of the Pericardium | 216 | ||
| Lateral Thoracotomy | 217 | ||
| Sternal Thoracotomy (Median Sternotomy) | 218 | ||
| Idiopathic Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusion | 218 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 219 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 221 | ||
| Diseases of the Vascular System: Thrombophlebitis and Patent Ductus Arteriosus | 221 | ||
| Occurrence and Etiology | 221 | ||
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus | 221 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 222 | ||
| 14 Surgery of the Bovine Digestive System | 223 | ||
| Surgical Diseases of the Oral Cavity | 223 | ||
| Anatomic Considerations | 223 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment (Dental Diseases are Covered in Chapter 9) | 223 | ||
| Lacerations | 223 | ||
| Cross-Suckling | 225 | ||
| Partial Glossectomy | 226 | ||
| Oropharyngeal Membrane | 226 | ||
| Salivary Glands | 226 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 228 | ||
| Mandibular Fractures, Osteomyelitis, and neoplasia | 228 | ||
| Mandibular Fractures | 228 | ||
| Surgical Options for Fractures | 229 | ||
| Figure-8 Wiring | 230 | ||
| Intraoral Acrylic Splinting | 230 | ||
| Screw Fixation | 231 | ||
| U Bar | 231 | ||
| Kirschner-Ehmer | 231 | ||
| Plating | 233 | ||
| Complications | 233 | ||
| Osteomyelitis | 234 | ||
| Neoplasia (see also Chapter 8) | 235 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 236 | ||
| Esophageal Surgery | 237 | ||
| Esophageal Anatomy | 237 | ||
| Clinical Signs of Esophageal Disease | 237 | ||
| Diagnosis of Esophageal Disease | 237 | ||
| Esophagoscopy | 238 | ||
| Bovine Esophageal Radiology | 238 | ||
| Surgical Considerations | 238 | ||
| Esophageal Closure | 239 | ||
| Foreign Body Obstruction | 239 | ||
| Cervical Esophagotomy | 241 | ||
| Transthoracic Esophagotomy | 241 | ||
| Esophageal Perforation or Laceration | 241 | ||
| Stricture | 241 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 241 | ||
| Surgical Management | 241 | ||
| Esophagomyotomy | 242 | ||
| Partial Esophageal Resection | 242 | ||
| Complete Esophageal Resection | 242 | ||
| Fenestration through a Cicatrix | 242 | ||
| Esophageal Diverticulum | 242 | ||
| Occurrence and Diagnosis | 242 | ||
| Treatment | 242 | ||
| Esophageal Fistula | 242 | ||
| Esophageal Ulceration | 242 | ||
| Megaesophagus | 242 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 243 | ||
| Approaches to the Bovine Abdomen | 243 | ||
| Anatomy | 243 | ||
| Approaches to the Abdomen | 244 | ||
| Left-Paralumbar Fossa Celiotomy | 244 | ||
| Right-Paralumbar Fossa Celiotomy | 246 | ||
| Right-Paramedian Celiotomy | 247 | ||
| Ventrolateral Celiotomy | 247 | ||
| Ventral Midline Celiotomy | 248 | ||
| Right Paracostal Approach | 249 | ||
| Left Oblique Celiotomy | 249 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 249 | ||
| Surgery of the Ruminant Forestomach Compartments | 249 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 249 | ||
| Etiology and Pathogenesis | 249 | ||
| Vagal Indigestion | 250 | ||
| Cornell Classification of Vagal Indigestion in Cattle | 250 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 250 | ||
| Clinical Pathology | 251 | ||
| Medical Treatments | 253 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 253 | ||
| Left-Flank Celiotomy | 253 | ||
| Rumenotomy with the Rumen Board or Weingarth Apparatus | 254 | ||
| Rumenotomy after Suturing the Rumen Wall to the Skin | 254 | ||
| Transruminal Exploration | 255 | ||
| Closure | 256 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 257 | ||
| Prognosis | 257 | ||
| Placement of a Commercial Rumen Fistula in Adult Cattle | 257 | ||
| Temporary Rumen Fistula | 258 | ||
| Lactic Acidosis | 259 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 260 | ||
| Surgery of the Abomasum | 260 | ||
| Introduction | 260 | ||
| Abomasal Physiology and Anatomy | 260 | ||
| Abomasal Function | 261 | ||
| Secretions | 261 | ||
| Motility | 261 | ||
| Surgical Conditions of the Abomasum | 262 | ||
| Altered Abomasal Outflow | 262 | ||
| Abomasal Displacement Syndromes | 262 | ||
| Left Abomasal Displacement (LDA)— General Considerations | 262 | ||
| Definition and Incidence. | 262 | ||
| Predisposing Factors. | 263 | ||
| Stage of Lactation. | 263 | ||
| Anatomy. | 263 | ||
| Genetics. | 263 | ||
| Nutrition. | 263 | ||
| Metabolism. | 264 | ||
| Management and Environment. | 264 | ||
| Diagnosis and General Prognosis | 264 | ||
| Diagnosis. | 264 | ||
| Prognosis (general). | 265 | ||
| Treatment | 266 | ||
| General considerations. | 266 | ||
| Medical management and supportive care. | 266 | ||
| Left Abomasal Displacement (LDA): Closed Procedures | 267 | ||
| Rolling. | 268 | ||
| Preparation. | 268 | ||
| Procedure. | 268 | ||
| Posttreatment care. | 268 | ||
| Prognosis and complications. | 268 | ||
| Blind Tack/Toggle Pin. | 268 | ||
| Preparation. | 269 | ||
| Procedures. | 269 | ||
| Postoperative care. | 269 | ||
| Prognosis and complications. | 270 | ||
| Left Abomasal Displacement: Open Surgical Procedures | 271 | ||
| Right-Paralumbar Fossa (Flank) Omentopexy. | 271 | ||
| Preparation. | 271 | ||
| Approach. | 272 | ||
| Abomasal repositioning. | 272 | ||
| Omentopexy. | 273 | ||
| Prognosis and complications. | 274 | ||
| Pyloropexy with or without omentopexy. | 275 | ||
| III Calf | 505 | ||
| 17 Surgery of the Calf Gastrointestinal System | 505 | ||
| Abomasal Disease | 505 | ||
| Abomasal Displacement | 505 | ||
| Diagnosis | 505 | ||
| Treatment | 505 | ||
| Medical Management | 506 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 506 | ||
| Abomasal Volvulus | 506 | ||
| Luminal Obstruction | 507 | ||
| Abomasal Ulceration | 508 | ||
| Diagnosis | 508 | ||
| Type I Ulcers | 508 | ||
| Type II Ulcers | 508 | ||
| Type III and IV Ulcers | 508 | ||
| Management | 509 | ||
| Prognosis | 509 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 509 | ||
| Ruminal Distention in Calves | 509 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 510 | ||
| Rumen Fistula | 510 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 510 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 511 | ||
| Small-Intestinal Surgery in Calves | 511 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 512 | ||
| Cecal Intussusceptions | 512 | ||
| Occurrence | 512 | ||
| Symptoms and Diagnosis | 512 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 513 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 513 | ||
| Surgery of the Colon | 514 | ||
| Intussusception of the Spiral Colon | 514 | ||
| Luminal Obstruction of Spiral Colon | 514 | ||
| Atresia Coli | 514 | ||
| Occurrence and Etiology | 514 | ||
| Clinical Signs and Diagnosis | 515 | ||
| Surgical Management | 515 | ||
| Right-Flank Approach | 516 | ||
| Median Approach | 516 | ||
| Prognosis | 517 | ||
| Atresia Ani (Et Recti) | 517 | ||
| Occurrence and Etiology | 517 | ||
| Clinical Signs and Diagnosis | 517 | ||
| Surgical Management and Prognosis | 517 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 518 | ||
| 18 Surgery of the Calf Musculoskeletal System | 519 | ||
| Polydactyly | 519 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 519 | ||
| Surgery of Flexural and Hyperextension Deformities | 519 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Management of Hyperextension Deformities | 519 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Management of Flexural Deformities | 520 | ||
| Diagnosis | 520 | ||
| Management | 521 | ||
| Surgical Correction | 522 | ||
| Anatomic Considerations | 522 | ||
| Surgical Alternatives | 522 | ||
| Prognosis | 523 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 523 | ||
| Surgery of Angular and Rotational Limb Deformities | 523 | ||
| Etiology | 523 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 524 | ||
| Diagnosis | 524 | ||
| Management | 525 | ||
| Medical Management | 525 | ||
| Surgical Management | 525 | ||
| Preoperative Measurements | 526 | ||
| Closing Wedge Osteotomy | 526 | ||
| Step-wise Osteotomy | 526 | ||
| Cylindrical (i.e., Dome) Osteotomy | 527 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | 527 | ||
| Prognosis | 527 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 527 | ||
| Surgery of Septic Joints | 528 | ||
| Diagnosis | 528 | ||
| Treatment | 528 | ||
| Arthrodesis | 530 | ||
| Prognosis | 531 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 531 | ||
| Patellar Luxation | 531 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis | 532 | ||
| Classification of Patellar Luxation | 532 | ||
| Management | 532 | ||
| Closure | 535 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 535 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 535 | ||
| Musculoskeletal System: Spastic Paresis (Elso Heel) | 536 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 537 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 539 | ||
| 19 Miscellaneous Abnormalities of the Calf | 540 | ||
| Umbilicus | 540 | ||
| Umbilical Hernias/Masses | 540 | ||
| Uncomplicated Umbilical Hernias | 540 | ||
| Umbilical Hernias with Localized Abscesses/Subcutaneous Infection | 540 | ||
| Umbilical Hernias with Infection of the Umbilical Cord Remnants | 541 | ||
| Umbilical Abscesses/Chronic Omphalitis | 544 | ||
| Urachal Cysts/Ruptures | 545 | ||
| Diagnosis | 546 | ||
| Surgical Management | 546 | ||
| Complications | 547 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 547 | ||
| Otitis Media/Interna: Calves | 547 | ||
| Anatomical and Pathophysiological Considerations | 547 | ||
| Clinical Signs | 548 | ||
| Diagnosis | 548 | ||
| Treatment | 548 | ||
| Ventral Tympanic Bulla Osteotomy | 548 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 550 | ||
| IV Sheep and Goat | 551 | ||
| 20 Surgery of the Sheep and Goat Integumentary System | 551 | ||
| Skinfold Ablation | 551 | ||
| Predator Attack | 551 | ||
| Tail Docking | 553 | ||
| Caprine Disbudding and Dehorning | 554 | ||
| Disbudding | 554 | ||
| Surgical Cosmetic Dehorning | 555 | ||
| Descenting Bucks | 556 | ||
| Lumps and Bumps of Sheep and Goats | 557 | ||
| Lymphadenopathy | 557 | ||
| Lesions Not Associated with Lymph Nodes | 558 | ||
| Head | 558 | ||
| Neck | 558 | ||
| Thorax, Abdomen, and Perineum | 559 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 559 | ||
| 21 Surgery of the Sheep and Goat Digestive System | 561 | ||
| Surgery of the Forestomach | 561 | ||
| Abomasal Surgery | 562 | ||
| Abomasotomy | 562 | ||
| Surgical Management of Intestinal Obstruction or Trauma | 562 | ||
| Exploratory Laparotomy | 563 | ||
| Rumen, Abomasal, and Esophageal Fistulization (Cannulization) | 563 | ||
| Surgical Procedure | 563 | ||
| Rectal Prolapse | 564 | ||
| Classification by Severity | 564 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 567 | ||
| 22 Surgery of the Sheep and Goat Musculoskeletal System | 568 | ||
| Patellar Luxation in Sheep and Goats | 568 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 568 | ||
| Lateral Capsule Imbrication | 568 | ||
| Tibial Tuberosity Transposition | 568 | ||
| Sulcoplasty | 569 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 570 | ||
| Summary | 570 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 570 | ||
| 23 Surgery of the Sheep and Goat Reproductive System and Urinary Tract | 571 | ||
| Anesthesia and Restraint | 571 | ||
| Surgery of the Female Reproductive Tract | 571 | ||
| Cesarean Section | 571 | ||
| Restraint and Anesthesia | 571 | ||
| The Ventral Abdominal Paramedian Approach | 571 | ||
| Left-Flank Laparotomy. | 572 | ||
| Ventral Midline Approach. | 573 | ||
| Postsurgical Complications and Fertility | 573 | ||
| Ovariectomy and Ovariohysterectomy | 575 | ||
| Laparoscopy | 576 | ||
| Laparoscopic-Assisted Ovariectomy | 577 | ||
| Complications of Laparoscopic Techniques in Small Ruminants | 577 | ||
| Surgical Embryo Collection | 578 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 579 | ||
| Surgery of the Male Reproductive and Urinary Tract | 579 | ||
| Castration | 579 | ||
| Cryptorchid Castration | 581 | ||
| Vasectomy | 581 | ||
| Epididymectomy | 582 | ||
| Translocation of the Penis | 582 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 583 | ||
| Urolithiasis | 584 | ||
| Preoperative Considerations | 584 | ||
| Potential Complications | 585 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 585 | ||
| Urethral Surgery | 585 | ||
| General Considerations | 585 | ||
| Urethral Process Amputation | 585 | ||
| Urohydropulsion | 585 | ||
| Urinary Acidification | 586 | ||
| Penectomy (Penile Amputation) | 586 | ||
| Perineal Urethrostomy | 588 | ||
| Ischial Urethrostomy | 588 | ||
| Modified Proximal Perineal Urethrostomy | 589 | ||
| Ischial Urethrotomy | 589 | ||
| Urethrotomy | 590 | ||
| Surgery of the Urinary Bladder | 591 | ||
| General Considerations | 591 | ||
| Cystotomy | 591 | ||
| Tube Cystostomy | 592 | ||
| Bladder Marsupialization | 594 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Complications | 595 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 595 | ||
| 24 Congenital Anomalies in the Sheep and Goat | 596 | ||
| Intersex | 596 | ||
| Cryptorchidism | 596 | ||
| Cleft Palate | 598 | ||
| Atresia Ani | 598 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 599 | ||
| V Swine | 601 | ||
| 25 Surgery of the Swine Digestive System | 601 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Tract | 601 | ||
| Abdominal Approaches and Body Wall Closure/Abdominal Exploration | 601 | ||
| Gastric Ulcers | 601 | ||
| Intestinal Obstruction | 602 | ||
| Atresia Ani | 603 | ||
| Rectal Stricture | 603 | ||
| Rectal Prolapse | 604 | ||
| Umbilical Hernia | 606 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 606 | ||
| 26 Surgery of the Swine Musculoskeletal System | 608 | ||
| Foot Problems (Claw Lesions) | 608 | ||
| Osteitis and Osteomyelitis of the Digit | 608 | ||
| P3 Infection | 608 | ||
| Septic Interphalangeal Joints | 608 | ||
| Digit Amputation | 608 | ||
| Ankylosis of the Proximal or Distal Interphalangeal Joint | 610 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 613 | ||
| Fracture Repair | 613 | ||
| Specific Fractures | 614 | ||
| Fractures of the Humerus | 614 | ||
| Fractures of the Tibia/Fibula | 614 | ||
| Femoral Fractures | 614 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 616 | ||
| 27 Surgery of the Swine Reproductive System and Urinary Tract | 617 | ||
| Surgery of the Male Swine Reproductive System and Urinary Tract | 617 | ||
| Castration | 617 | ||
| Unilateral Castration | 618 | ||
| Cryptorchid Castration | 619 | ||
| Inguinal Hernia | 620 | ||
| Preparation of Teaser Boars | 622 | ||
| Prolapsed Penis | 622 | ||
| Persistent Frenulum | 622 | ||
| Preputial Prolapse | 622 | ||
| Resection of Preputial Diverticulum | 622 | ||
| Surgery of the Female Swine Reproductive System and Urinary Tract | 623 | ||
| Vaginal Prolapse | 623 | ||
| Bladder Displacement or Retroversion | 623 | ||
| Ovariectomy | 625 | ||
| Ovariohysterectomy | 626 | ||
| Ovariectomy for Sterilization of Pet Pigs | 627 | ||
| Choice of Procedure: Laparoscopic Ovariectomy vs. Open Ovariectomy or Ovariohysterectomy | 627 | ||
| Technique for Laparoscopic Ovariectomy | 627 | ||
| Open Ovariectomy or Ovariohysterectomy | 628 | ||
| Cesarean Section | 628 | ||
| Uterine Prolapse | 630 | ||
| Mastectomy | 631 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 631 | ||
| Index | 633 | ||
| A | 633 | ||
| B | 636 | ||
| C | 637 | ||
| D | 640 | ||
| E | 641 | ||
| F | 642 | ||
| G | 643 | ||
| H | 644 | ||
| I | 645 | ||
| J | 646 | ||
| K | 647 | ||
| L | 647 | ||
| M | 648 | ||
| N | 650 | ||
| O | 650 | ||
| P | 651 | ||
| Q | 654 | ||
| R | 654 | ||
| S | 655 | ||
| T | 658 | ||
| U | 660 | ||
| V | 661 | ||
| W | 661 | ||
| X | 662 | ||
| Y | 662 | ||
| Endsheets | End-I |