BOOK
Sleep in Medical and Neurologic Disorders, An Issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Dr. Flavia B. Consens has assembled an expert team of authors on the topic of Sleep in Medical and Neurologic Disorders. Articles include: Sleep and pulmonary disease, Sleep and Pain, Sleep and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Sleep and Stroke, Sleep in the pediatric population, Sleep and cancer, Narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness, Sleep in the hospitalized patient, Sleep and psychiatric disorders, Occupational sleep medicine, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Sleep in Medical and Neurologic Disorders | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | iii | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | iii | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | iii | ||
| ACCREDITATION | iii | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | iii | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | iii | ||
| TO ENROLL | iii | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | iv | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | iv | ||
| SLEEP MEDICINE CLINICS\r | v | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | v | ||
| June 2016 | v | ||
| September 2016 | v | ||
| December 2016 | v | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | v | ||
| December 2015 | v | ||
| September 2015 | v | ||
| June 2015 | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | vii | ||
| EDITOR | vii | ||
| AUTHORS | vii | ||
| Contents | ix | ||
| Sleep in Neurodegenerative Diseases\r | ix | ||
| Sleep and Traumatic Brain Injury\r | ix | ||
| Sleep and Epilepsy\r | ix | ||
| Sleep and Stroke\r | ix | ||
| Sleep in Neuromuscular Diseases\r | x | ||
| Occupational Sleep Medicine\r | x | ||
| Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Epidemiologic and Experimental Evidence\r | x | ||
| Sleep in the Pediatric Population\r | x | ||
| Special Articles | xi | ||
| Sleep Neurobiology and Critical Care Illness\r | xi | ||
| Sleep and the Endocrine System\r | xi | ||
| Congestive Heart Failure and Central Sleep Apnea\r | xi | ||
| Sleep in Neurodegenerative Diseases | 1 | ||
| Key points | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| PARKINSON DISEASE | 2 | ||
| SLEEP DISORDERS IN THE PRODROMAL STAGE OF PARKINSON DISEASE | 3 | ||
| Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder | 3 | ||
| Longitudinal studies | 3 | ||
| Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder abnormalities characteristic of Parkinson disease | 4 | ||
| Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson disease pathology | 5 | ||
| Excessive Daytime Sleepiness | 6 | ||
| SLEEP DISORDERS IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH PARKINSON DISEASE | 7 | ||
| Sleep Disorders in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease | 7 | ||
| Insomnia | 7 | ||
| Circadian sleep-wake cycle disruption | 7 | ||
| Excessive daytime sleepiness | 7 | ||
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 11 | ||
| Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder | 11 | ||
| Restless legs syndrome | 11 | ||
| Periodic leg movements during sleep | 13 | ||
| Sleep Disorders in Hereditary Forms of Parkinson Disease | 14 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN PARKINSON DISEASE | 14 | ||
| SUMMARY | 14 | ||
| REFERENCES | 14 | ||
| Sleep and Traumatic Brain Injury | 19 | ||
| Key points | 19 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 19 | ||
| POST-TRAUMATIC INSOMNIA | 19 | ||
| Definition | 19 | ||
| Epidemiology | 19 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 20 | ||
| Diagnosis | 20 | ||
| Treatment | 20 | ||
| POST-TRAUMATIC PLEIOSOMNIA | 21 | ||
| Sleep and Epilepsy | 25 | ||
| Key points | 25 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 25 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 26 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 30 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 31 | ||
| COMBINATION THERAPIES | 32 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 33 | ||
| TREATMENT RESISTANCE/COMPLICATIONS | 35 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 35 | ||
| SUMMARY | 35 | ||
| REFERENCES | 35 | ||
| Sleep and Stroke | 39 | ||
| Key points | 39 | ||
| SLEEP APNEA AND STROKE | 39 | ||
| Pathology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Stroke | 40 | ||
| Stroke Subtypes | 41 | ||
| Central sleep apnea | 42 | ||
| Functional outcome after stroke | 42 | ||
| Further sleep apnea and stroke studies | 42 | ||
| INSOMNIA AND STROKE | 42 | ||
| Pathology | 43 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment of Insomnia | 44 | ||
| HYPERSOMNIA AND STROKE | 44 | ||
| OTHER SLEEP DISORDERS AND STROKE (RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME, PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENTS IN SLEEP, PARASOMNIAS) | 45 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 46 | ||
| Parasomnias | 47 | ||
| SUMMARY | 48 | ||
| REFERENCES | 48 | ||
| Sleep in Neuromuscular Diseases | 53 | ||
| Key points | 53 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 53 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC WORK-UP | 54 | ||
| SPECIFIC NEUROMUSCULAR CONDITIONS WITH SLEEP DISORDERS | 54 | ||
| Sleep Disorders in Motor Neuron Disease | 54 | ||
| Postpolio Syndrome | 55 | ||
| Myopathies | 56 | ||
| Congenital and metabolic myopathies | 57 | ||
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | 57 | ||
| Myotonic dystrophy | 57 | ||
| Acid maltase deficiency | 58 | ||
| Inflammatory myopathies | 58 | ||
| SPINAL CORD DISEASES AND PHRENIC NERVE DAMAGE | 58 | ||
| NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISORDERS | 59 | ||
| NEUROPATHIES | 60 | ||
| Guillain-Barré Syndrome | 60 | ||
| Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathy or Charcot- Marie- Tooth Disease | 61 | ||
| SUMMARY | 61 | ||
| REFERENCES | 61 | ||
| Occupational Sleep Medicine | 65 | ||
| Key points | 65 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 65 | ||
| SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS AS BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES | 65 | ||
| SLEEP DEPRIVATION | 66 | ||
| Chronic Sleep Loss | 66 | ||
| Assessment of sleepiness | 66 | ||
| Subjective measures of sleepiness | 66 | ||
| Objective measures of sleepiness | 67 | ||
| DISORDERED SLEEP | 67 | ||
| Insomnia | 67 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 68 | ||
| CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS | 68 | ||
| Chronotype | 68 | ||
| Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder | 69 | ||
| Shift Work Disorder | 69 | ||
| Circadian misalignment | 70 | ||
| Treatment of circadian misalignment | 70 | ||
| COMMON MEDICAL ILLNESSES THAT AFFECT SLEEP AND SLEEPINESS | 70 | ||
| MEDICATIONS THAT AFFECT SLEEP AND SLEEPINESS | 71 | ||
| CONSEQUENCES OF DISTURBED SLEEP AND SLEEPINESS | 71 | ||
| Excessive Sleepiness | 72 | ||
| Cognitive Performance | 72 | ||
| Vigilance | 72 | ||
| Errors | 72 | ||
| Processing speed | 72 | ||
| Logical reasoning | 72 | ||
| Learning and memory | 73 | ||
| Insight | 73 | ||
| Creativity | 73 | ||
| Psychomotor Functioning | 73 | ||
| Emotion Regulation | 73 | ||
| Drowsy Driving | 74 | ||
| Obstructive sleep apnea and drowsy driving | 75 | ||
| Health and Productivity | 75 | ||
| REFERENCES | 75 | ||
| Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Disease Risk | 81 | ||
| Key points | 81 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 81 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE | 81 | ||
| Hypertension | 81 | ||
| Coronary Heart Disease | 82 | ||
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 83 | ||
| Putative Biological Mechanisms and Moderators | 84 | ||
| SUMMARY | 85 | ||
| REFERENCES | 86 | ||
| Sleep in the Pediatric Population | 91 | ||
| Key points | 91 | ||
| RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME | 91 | ||
| Introduction | 91 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 91 | ||
| Genetics | 91 | ||
| Diagnosis | 91 | ||
| Management | 92 | ||
| Avoidance of exacerbating factors | 92 | ||
| Serum ferritin and iron supplementation | 92 | ||
| Other medications | 92 | ||
| NARCOLEPSY | 93 | ||
| Introduction | 93 | ||
| Impact | 93 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 93 | ||
| Diagnosis | 93 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 94 | ||
| Cataplexy | 94 | ||
| Hypnagogic hallucinations | 94 | ||
| Sleep paralysis | 94 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 94 | ||
| Management | 94 | ||
| Pharmacology treatments: stimulants for daytime sleepiness (some listed medications are off-label treatments) | 95 | ||
| Pharmacology treatment (off-label treatments): cataplexy that is bothersome to the child | 95 | ||
| Pharmacology treatment (off-label treatment): other medications | 95 | ||
| PARASOMNIAS | 96 | ||
| Introduction | 96 | ||
| Causes | 96 | ||
| Sleepwalking (International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd Edition) | 96 | ||
| Sleepwalking description | 96 | ||
| Sleepwalking diagnosis | 96 | ||
| General diagnostic criteria for disorders of arousal | 96 | ||
| Additional diagnostic criteria for sleepwalking | 96 | ||
| Sleep Terrors | 97 | ||
| Sleep terrors description | 97 | ||
| Sleep terrors diagnosis | 97 | ||
| Sleep terrors management | 97 | ||
| Nightmare Disorder | 97 | ||
| Nightmare description | 97 | ||
| Nightmare management | 98 | ||
| SLEEP AND EPILEPSY | 98 | ||
| Introduction | 98 | ||
| Interactions Between Sleep and Epilepsy | 98 | ||
| Antiepileptic Drugs and Sleep | 98 | ||
| The Role of Melatonin | 98 | ||
| Screening for Sleep Disturbance in Children with Epilepsy | 98 | ||
| SLEEP AND HEADACHES | 99 | ||
| Introduction | 99 | ||
| Sleep Duration in Children | 99 | ||
| SUMMARY | 99 | ||
| REFERENCES | 99 | ||
| Sleep Neurobiology and Critical Care Illness | 105 | ||
| Key points | 105 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 105 | ||
| NEUROBIOLOGY OF THE NORMAL SLEEP CYCLE | 105 | ||
| METHODS FOR SLEEP STUDY IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS | 106 | ||
| SLEEP ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM PATTERNS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT | 106 | ||
| Atypical Sleep and Pathologic Wakefulness | 107 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Atypical Sleep and Pathologic Wakefulness | 107 | ||
| Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit | 107 | ||
| SLEEP ORGANIZATION IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT | 108 | ||
| Sleep Architecture | 108 | ||
| Sleep Fragmentation | 108 | ||
| Sleep Continuity | 108 | ||
| CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND MELATONIN IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS | 108 | ||
| Factors Interfering with Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin | 109 | ||
| FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SLEEP DISRUPTION IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT | 109 | ||
| The Intensive Care Unit Environment | 109 | ||
| Light Exposure | 109 | ||
| Loss of Physical Activity | 109 | ||
| Effects of Drugs on Sleep | 109 | ||
| Sedation and Sleep Function | 110 | ||
| CONSEQUENCES OF SLEEP DISRUPTIONS ON SLEEP NEUROBIOLOGY | 110 | ||
| Prolonged Sleep Privation | 110 | ||
| Biological Effect of Sleep Deprivation | 110 | ||
| Sleep and Sepsis | 110 | ||
| Neurophysiologic Consequences of Sleep Loss | 110 | ||
| Neuropsychological and Behavioral Effects of Sleep Alterations | 110 | ||
| SUMMARY | 110 | ||
| REFERENCES | 111 | ||
| Sleep and the Endocrine System | 115 | ||
| Key points | 115 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 115 | ||
| CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND SLEEP-WAKE STATE CONTROL OF HORMONAL SECRETION | 115 | ||
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Cortisol | 115 | ||
| Melatonin | 116 | ||
| Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone | 116 | ||
| Growth Hormone | 116 | ||
| Prolactin | 116 | ||
| Gonadotropic Hormones | 116 | ||
| Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System | 117 | ||
| Leptin and Ghrelin | 117 | ||
| Insulin and Glucose | 117 | ||
| EFFECTS OF ENDOCRINE ABNORMALITIES ON SLEEP | 117 | ||
| Acromegaly and Sleep Apnea | 117 | ||
| Thyroid Hormone and Sleep Disorders | 118 | ||
| Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-Cortisol Axis Disorders and Sleep | 118 | ||
| Sex Hormones and Sleep Disturbances | 118 | ||
| Testosterone | 118 | ||
| Estrogen and progesterone | 119 | ||
| Melatonin Effects on Sleep | 119 | ||
| THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DISORDERS ON HORMONAL REGULATION | 119 | ||
| Sleep Deprivation | 119 | ||
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol | 119 | ||
| Insulin and glucose metabolism | 119 | ||
| Leptin, ghrelin, and appetite regulation | 120 | ||
| Insomnia | 120 | ||
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol | 120 | ||
| Congestive Heart Failure and Central Sleep Apnea | 127 | ||
| Key points | 127 | ||
| CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 127 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 127 | ||
| Epidemiology in Stable Congestive Heart Failure | 128 | ||
| Congestive Heart Failure in the Intensive Care Unit | 129 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS | 130 | ||
| Control of Breathing | 130 | ||
| The Concept of Loop Gain | 130 | ||
| How Congestive Heart Failure Predisposes to Cheyne–Stokes respiration | 130 | ||
| Circulatory Delay | 130 | ||
| Chemosensitivity | 130 | ||
| Lung Volume | 133 | ||
| Behavioral State Effects | 133 | ||
| TREATMENT OF CHEYNE–STOKES RESPIRATION | 133 | ||
| Treatment of Heart Failure | 133 | ||
| Positive Airway Pressure | 134 | ||
| Oxygen | 134 | ||
| Medications | 134 | ||
| Lung Volume Manipulation | 135 | ||
| Novel and Future Therapies | 135 | ||
| INTENSIVE CARE UNIT MANAGEMENT | 135 | ||
| General Considerations | 135 | ||
| Recognition | 135 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 135 | ||
| Treatment | 136 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 136 | ||
| Ventilator Management | 136 | ||
| Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Management | 136 | ||
| SUMMARY | 136 | ||
| REFERENCES | 137 |