Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Providing a solid foundation in medical-surgical nursing, Susan deWit’s Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts and Practice, 3rd Edition ensures you have the information you need to pass the NCLEX-PN® Examination and succeed in practice. Part of the popular LPN/LVN Threads series, this uniquely understandable, concise text builds on the fundamentals of nursing, covering roles, settings, and health care trends; all body systems and their disorders; emergency and disaster management; and mental health nursing. With updated content, chapter objectives, and review questions, this new edition relates national LPN/LVN standards to practice with its integration of QSEN competencies, hypertension, diabetes, and hypoglycemia.
- Concept Maps in the disorders chapters help you visualize difficult material, and illustrate how a disorder's multiple symptoms, treatments, and side effects relate to each other.
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! section includes Key Points that summarize chapter objectives, additional resources for further study, review questions for the NCLEX® Examination, and critical thinking questions.
- Nursing Care Plans with critical thinking questions provide a clinical scenario and demonstrate application of the nursing process with updated NANDA-I nursing diagnoses to individual patient problems.
- Anatomy and physiology content in each body system overview chapter provides basic information for understanding the body system and its disorders, and appears along with Focused Assessment boxes highlighting the key tasks of data collection for each body system.
- Assignment Considerations, discussed in Chapter 1 and highlighted in feature boxes, address situations in which the RN delegates tasks to the LPN/LVN, or the LPN/LVN assigns tasks to nurse assistants, per the individual state nurse practice act.
- Gerontologic nursing presented throughout in the context of specific disorders with Elder Care Points boxes that address the unique medical-surgical care issues that affect older adults.
- Safety Alert boxes call out specific dangers to patients and teach you to identify and implement safe clinical care.
- Evidence-based Practice icons highlight current references to research in nursing and medical practice.
- Patient Teaching boxes provide step-by-step instructions and guidelines for post-hospital care — and prepare you to educate patients on their health condition and recovery.
- Health Promotion boxes address wellness and disease prevention strategies that you can provide in patient teaching.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Half title page | i | ||
| Evolve page | ii | ||
| Medical-Surgical Nursing | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Selected Student Resources on Evolve | vi | ||
| General Resources | vi | ||
| Skills with Skill Performance Checklists | vi | ||
| Nursing Care Plans | vi | ||
| Patient Teaching | vi | ||
| Additional Content | vi | ||
| Animations | vii | ||
| Audio Clips | viii | ||
| Video Clips | viii | ||
| Contributor | ix | ||
| Reviewers | x | ||
| LPN Advisory Board | xii | ||
| To the Instructor | xiii | ||
| About the Text | xiii | ||
| Pedagogical Features | xiii | ||
| Organization of the Text | xiv | ||
| LPN Threads | xiv | ||
| For the Instructor | xv | ||
| For the Student | xv | ||
| To the Student | xvi | ||
| Reading and Review Tools | xvi | ||
| Chapter Features | xvi | ||
| Acknowledgments | xviii | ||
| Table Of Contents | xix | ||
| Unit I Medical–Surgical Nursing Settings | 1 | ||
| 1 Caring for Medical-Surgical Patients | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 1 | ||
| Caring for Medical-Surgical Patients | 1 | ||
| Roles of the LPN/LVN | 1 | ||
| Employment Opportunities | 4 | ||
| Ethical and Legal Practice | 4 | ||
| Quality and Safety | 5 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) | 5 | ||
| Quality Improvement | 5 | ||
| Informatics | 6 | ||
| Safety | 6 | ||
| Health Care Today | 6 | ||
| Biomedicine | 6 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 6 | ||
| Healthy People 2020 | 6 | ||
| Financing of Health Care | 6 | ||
| Health Insurance: The Affordable Care Act, Medicare, and Medicaid | 6 | ||
| Cost Containment | 8 | ||
| Providing Holistic Care | 9 | ||
| Promoting a Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship | 9 | ||
| Establishing Trust | 10 | ||
| Using Empathy | 10 | ||
| Using Therapeutic Communication | 10 | ||
| Maintaining Patients’ Self-Esteem | 10 | ||
| Ensuring Pain Control | 10 | ||
| Meeting Cultural Needs | 11 | ||
| Meeting Spiritual Needs | 11 | ||
| Getting Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 12 | ||
| Key Points | 12 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 12 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 12 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 14 | ||
| Scenario A | 14 | ||
| Scenario B | 14 | ||
| Scenario C | 14 | ||
| 2 Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process | 15 | ||
| Objectives | 15 | ||
| Key Terms | 15 | ||
| Critical Thinking and Clinical Judgment | 15 | ||
| Factors That Influence Critical Thinking and Nursing Care | 16 | ||
| Attitude | 16 | ||
| Communication Skills | 16 | ||
| Problem Solving and Decision Making | 17 | ||
| Integrating Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process | 17 | ||
| Applying LPN/LVN Standards in Medical-Surgical Nursing | 17 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 17 | ||
| Sources of Information for the Database | 18 | ||
| Admission forms, history, and physical. | 18 | ||
| Interview. | 19 | ||
| Physical assessment. | 20 | ||
| Inspection and observation. | 20 | ||
| Olfaction. | 20 | ||
| Palpation. | 20 | ||
| Auscultation. | 20 | ||
| Percussion. | 21 | ||
| Daily Focused Assessment (Data Collection) | 21 | ||
| Chart Review | 21 | ||
| Diagnostic Test Results | 22 | ||
| Other Resources | 22 | ||
| Analysis and Nursing Diagnosis | 23 | ||
| Setting Priorities of Care | 23 | ||
| Planning | 24 | ||
| Goals and Expected Outcomes | 24 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 25 | ||
| Prioritizing Delivery of Care | 25 | ||
| Implementation | 25 | ||
| Staff Communication Regarding Care | 25 | ||
| Evaluation | 26 | ||
| Interdisciplinary (Collaborative) Care Plans | 26 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 27 | ||
| Key Points | 27 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 27 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 27 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 28 | ||
| Scenario A | 28 | ||
| Scenario B | 28 | ||
| Scenario C | 28 | ||
| Scenario D | 28 | ||
| Unit II Medical–Surgical Patient Care Problems | 29 | ||
| 3 Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy | 29 | ||
| Objectives | 29 | ||
| Key Terms | 29 | ||
| Distribution and Regulation of Body Fluids | 30 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 30 | ||
| Movement of Fluid and Electrolytes | 31 | ||
| Passive Transport | 31 | ||
| Diffusion. | 31 | ||
| Osmosis. | 32 | ||
| Filtration. | 32 | ||
| Active Transport | 32 | ||
| Fluid Imbalances | 32 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 32 | ||
| Deficient Fluid Volume | 33 | ||
| Unit III Immune System | 197 | ||
| 10 The Immune and Lymphatic Systems | 197 | ||
| Objectives | 197 | ||
| Key Terms | 197 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Immune and Lymphatic Systems | 197 | ||
| Organs and Structures | 197 | ||
| Functions of the Immune and Lymphatic Systems | 198 | ||
| Age in Relation to the Immune and Lymphatic Systems | 199 | ||
| Protective Mechanisms of the Immune and Lymphatic Systems | 200 | ||
| Inflammatory Response | 200 | ||
| Immune Response | 200 | ||
| Types of Immunity | 201 | ||
| Primary humoral response. | 201 | ||
| Secondary cellular response. | 203 | ||
| Immunity Against Disease | 204 | ||
| Innate (natural) immunity. | 204 | ||
| Acquired immunity. | 204 | ||
| Immune and Lymphatic System Disorders | 205 | ||
| Prevention of Immune and Lymphatic System Problems | 206 | ||
| Immunization | 206 | ||
| Nursing implications. | 206 | ||
| Nursing Management | 207 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 207 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 208 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests, Procedures, and Nursing Implications | 208 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 211 | ||
| Planning | 212 | ||
| Implementation | 212 | ||
| Evaluation | 213 | ||
| Common Problems Related to the Immune and Lymphatic Systems | 213 | ||
| Fever | 213 | ||
| Unit IV Respiratory System | 252 | ||
| 12 The Respiratory System | 252 | ||
| Objectives | 252 | ||
| Key Terms | 252 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System | 252 | ||
| Functions of the Structures of the Upper Respiratory System | 252 | ||
| Epiglottis Protection of the Airway | 253 | ||
| Production of Speech in the Larynx | 253 | ||
| Functions of the Structures of the Lower Respiratory System | 253 | ||
| Oxygen Delivery to the Alveolar Membrane for Diffusion Into the Blood | 253 | ||
| Protection of the Lungs | 253 | ||
| Control of Respiration | 254 | ||
| Effect of the Bones of the Thorax and the Respiratory Muscles on the Respiratory Process | 254 | ||
| Factors That Affect the Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide | 254 | ||
| Effects of Aging on the Respiratory System | 255 | ||
| Causes of Respiratory Disorders | 255 | ||
| Respiratory Disorders | 256 | ||
| Prevention | 256 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 257 | ||
| Diagnostic visual examination of the nose, mouth, and throat. | 257 | ||
| Throat culture. | 261 | ||
| Tuberculosis tests. | 261 | ||
| Lung function tests. | 261 | ||
| Peak flowmeter. | 261 | ||
| Lung biopsy. | 261 | ||
| Nursing Management | 262 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 262 | ||
| History Taking | 262 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 263 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 266 | ||
| Planning | 266 | ||
| Implementation | 266 | ||
| Evaluation | 266 | ||
| Common Respiratory Patient Care Problems | 267 | ||
| Airway Maintenance | 267 | ||
| Altered Breathing Patterns | 268 | ||
| Dyspnea or Breathlessness | 268 | ||
| Hypercapnia | 268 | ||
| Hypocapnia | 269 | ||
| Respiratory Failure | 269 | ||
| Other Ineffective Breathing Patterns | 269 | ||
| Risk of Infection | 270 | ||
| Alterations in Nutrition and Hydration | 270 | ||
| Fatigue | 270 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 271 | ||
| Key Points | 271 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 271 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 271 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 272 | ||
| Scenario A | 272 | ||
| Scenario B | 272 | ||
| Scenario C | 272 | ||
| 13 Care of Patients With Disorders of the Upper Respiratory System | 273 | ||
| Objectives | 273 | ||
| Key Terms | 273 | ||
| Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses | 273 | ||
| Upper Respiratory Infections and Rhinitis | 273 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 273 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 273 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 274 | ||
| Sinusitis | 276 | ||
| Epistaxis | 276 | ||
| Pharyngitis | 277 | ||
| Unit V Hematologic System | 327 | ||
| 15 The Hematologic System | 327 | ||
| Objectives | 327 | ||
| Key Terms | 327 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Hematologic System | 327 | ||
| Functions of Blood | 327 | ||
| Components of Blood | 327 | ||
| Functions of the Plasma Proteins | 327 | ||
| Production of Blood Cells | 328 | ||
| Functions of the Red Blood Cells | 328 | ||
| Functions of the White Blood Cells | 328 | ||
| Platelets and Their Function | 329 | ||
| Interaction of the Lymphatic System With the Vascular System | 330 | ||
| Changes of the Hematologic System That Occur With Aging | 330 | ||
| Causes of Hematologic Disorders | 330 | ||
| Prevention of Hematologic Disorders | 331 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 332 | ||
| Nursing Management | 332 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 332 | ||
| History | 332 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 332 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 337 | ||
| Planning | 337 | ||
| Implementation | 337 | ||
| Evaluation | 339 | ||
| Common Problems Related to Disorders of the Hematologic System | 339 | ||
| Excessive Bleeding | 339 | ||
| Excessive Clotting | 339 | ||
| Fatigue | 339 | ||
| Anorexia | 340 | ||
| Pain | 340 | ||
| Infection | 340 | ||
| Bone Marrow Failure | 340 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 340 | ||
| Key Points | 340 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 340 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 341 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 341 | ||
| Scenario A | 341 | ||
| Scenario B | 342 | ||
| Scenario C | 342 | ||
| 16 Care of Patients With Hematologic Disorders | 343 | ||
| Objectives | 343 | ||
| Key Terms | 343 | ||
| Disorders of the Hematologic System | 343 | ||
| Anemia | 343 | ||
| Etiology | 343 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 344 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 345 | ||
| Diagnosis | 345 | ||
| Treatment | 346 | ||
| Nursing Management | 346 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 346 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 346 | ||
| Planning | 348 | ||
| Implementation | 348 | ||
| Evaluation | 349 | ||
| Aplastic Anemia | 349 | ||
| Sickle Cell Disease | 350 | ||
| Etiology | 350 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 350 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 350 | ||
| Diagnosis | 351 | ||
| Treatment | 351 | ||
| Nursing Management | 351 | ||
| Polycythemia Vera | 351 | ||
| Leukemia | 352 | ||
| Etiology | 352 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 353 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 353 | ||
| Treatment | 353 | ||
| Nursing Management | 354 | ||
| Thrombocytopenia | 357 | ||
| Multiple Myeloma | 357 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 357 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 357 | ||
| Treatment | 357 | ||
| Nursing Management | 358 | ||
| Hemophilia | 358 | ||
| Etiology | 358 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 358 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 358 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 359 | ||
| Nursing Management | 359 | ||
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | 359 | ||
| Therapies Frequently Used in the Management of Hematologic Disorders | 360 | ||
| Transfusions | 360 | ||
| Nursing Management | 361 | ||
| Transfusion Reaction | 361 | ||
| Leukapheresis | 361 | ||
| Biologic Response Modifiers: Colony-Stimulating Factor Therapy | 362 | ||
| Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation | 363 | ||
| Oxygen Therapy | 363 | ||
| Iron Therapy | 363 | ||
| Vitamin B12 Therapy | 364 | ||
| Splenectomy | 364 | ||
| Community Care | 364 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 365 | ||
| Key Points | 365 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 365 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 366 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 366 | ||
| Scenario A | 366 | ||
| Scenario B | 367 | ||
| Scenario C | 367 | ||
| Scenario D | 367 | ||
| Unit VI Cardiovascular System | 368 | ||
| 17 The Cardiovascular System | 368 | ||
| Objectives | 368 | ||
| Key Terms | 368 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System | 368 | ||
| The Structures of the Heart and Their Functions | 368 | ||
| Contraction of the Heart to Pump Blood | 369 | ||
| The Cardiac Cycle | 370 | ||
| The Ejection Fraction | 370 | ||
| Blood Flow Throughout the Body | 370 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 371 | ||
| Cardiovascular System Changes Related to Aging | 372 | ||
| Cardiovascular Disease | 372 | ||
| Women and Heart Disease | 372 | ||
| Causes of Cardiovascular Disorders | 373 | ||
| Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease | 373 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 375 | ||
| Cardiac Monitoring | 375 | ||
| Specific Tests for Vascular Disorders | 375 | ||
| Nursing Management | 382 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 382 | ||
| History Taking | 382 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 383 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation | 386 | ||
| Collaboration | 391 | ||
| Evaluation | 391 | ||
| Common Problems of Patients With Cardiovascular Disorders | 391 | ||
| Fatigue and Dyspnea | 391 | ||
| Edema | 391 | ||
| Pain | 392 | ||
| Altered Tissue Perfusion | 392 | ||
| Impaired Tissue Integrity | 393 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 394 | ||
| Key Points | 394 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 394 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 394 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 395 | ||
| Scenario A | 395 | ||
| Scenario B | 395 | ||
| Scenario C | 395 | ||
| 18 Care of Patients With Hypertension and Peripheral Vascular Disease | 396 | ||
| Objectives | 396 | ||
| Key Terms | 396 | ||
| Hypertension | 396 | ||
| Etiology | 396 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 398 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 398 | ||
| Treatment | 399 | ||
| Antihypertensive Therapy | 399 | ||
| Complications | 402 | ||
| Hypertensive Crisis | 402 | ||
| Nursing Management | 403 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 403 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 403 | ||
| Implementation | 403 | ||
| Evaluation | 404 | ||
| Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis | 405 | ||
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 405 | ||
| Peripheral Arterial Disease (Arterial Insufficiency) | 406 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 406 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 406 | ||
| Treatment | 407 | ||
| Nursing Management | 408 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 408 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 408 | ||
| Implementation | 409 | ||
| Evaluation | 409 | ||
| Aneurysm | 409 | ||
| Etiology | 409 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 410 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 410 | ||
| Treatment | 410 | ||
| Nursing Management | 410 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 410 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 410 | ||
| Implementation | 411 | ||
| Evaluation | 411 | ||
| Carotid Artery Disease | 411 | ||
| Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) | 411 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 411 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment | 412 | ||
| UNIT VII Neurologic System | 472 | ||
| 21 The Neurologic System* | 472 | ||
| Objectives | 472 | ||
| Key Terms | 472 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Neurologic System | 472 | ||
| Organization of the Nervous System | 472 | ||
| Nerves Conduction of Impulses | 474 | ||
| Interaction of the Peripheral Nervous System With the Central Nervous System | 475 | ||
| Protection of the Central Nervous System | 476 | ||
| Special Characteristics of the Nervous System | 476 | ||
| Aging-Related Changes in the Nervous System | 477 | ||
| Causative Factors Involved in Neurologic Disorders | 478 | ||
| Prevention of Neurologic Disorders | 478 | ||
| Evaluation of Neurologic Status | 479 | ||
| Cranial Nerves | 479 | ||
| Coordination and Balance | 479 | ||
| Neuromuscular Function Testing | 479 | ||
| Reflexes | 479 | ||
| Nursing Management | 485 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 485 | ||
| Patient History | 485 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 485 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 489 | ||
| Planning | 489 | ||
| Implementation | 492 | ||
| Evaluation | 492 | ||
| Common Neurologic Patient Care Problems | 492 | ||
| Ineffective Breathing Pattern | 492 | ||
| Impaired Mobility | 492 | ||
| Self-Care Deficit | 493 | ||
| Dysphagia | 493 | ||
| Incontinence | 494 | ||
| Bladder Training Program | 494 | ||
| Bowel Training Program | 495 | ||
| Pain | 495 | ||
| Confusion | 495 | ||
| Aphasia | 496 | ||
| Sexual Dysfunction | 497 | ||
| Psychosocial Concerns | 497 | ||
| Ineffective Family Coping | 497 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 497 | ||
| Key Points | 497 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 498 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 498 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 499 | ||
| Scenario A | 499 | ||
| Scenario B | 499 | ||
| 22 Care of Patients With Head and Spinal Cord Injuries | 500 | ||
| Objectives | 500 | ||
| Key Terms | 500 | ||
| Traumatic Brain (Head) Injuries | 500 | ||
| Etiology | 500 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 500 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 502 | ||
| Diagnosis | 502 | ||
| Treatment | 503 | ||
| Surgical Intervention | 503 | ||
| Preoperative period. | 503 | ||
| Postoperative period. | 503 | ||
| Nursing Management | 504 | ||
| Increased Intracranial Pressure | 506 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 506 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 506 | ||
| Treatment | 507 | ||
| Complications | 509 | ||
| Diabetes insipidus. | 509 | ||
| Nursing Management | 509 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 509 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, and Implementation | 509 | ||
| Evaluation | 509 | ||
| Injuries of the Spine and Spinal Cord | 509 | ||
| Etiology | 509 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 510 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 511 | ||
| Treatment | 512 | ||
| Respiratory Management | 513 | ||
| Immobilization and Surgery | 513 | ||
| Urinary Management | 513 | ||
| Psychological Care | 514 | ||
| Grief and mourning response. | 514 | ||
| Sexual Concerns | 514 | ||
| Complications | 514 | ||
| Spinal shock and neurogenic shock. | 514 | ||
| Muscle spasms. | 514 | ||
| Autonomic dysreflexia (hyperreflexia). | 516 | ||
| Orthostatic hypotension. | 516 | ||
| Deep venous thrombosis. | 516 | ||
| Infection. | 516 | ||
| Skin breakdown. | 516 | ||
| Renal complications. | 516 | ||
| Heterotopic ossification. | 516 | ||
| Nursing Management | 516 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 516 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 517 | ||
| Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation | 517 | ||
| Rehabilitation | 518 | ||
| Back Pain and Ruptured Intervertebral Disk (“Slipped Disk”) | 518 | ||
| Etiology | 518 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 518 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 519 | ||
| Treatment | 519 | ||
| Surgical procedures. | 519 | ||
| Nursing Management | 520 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 521 | ||
| Key Points | 521 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 522 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 522 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 523 | ||
| Scenario A | 523 | ||
| Scenario B | 523 | ||
| Scenario C | 523 | ||
| 23 Care of Patients With Brain Disorders | 524 | ||
| Objectives | 524 | ||
| Key Terms | 524 | ||
| Seizure Disorders and Epilepsy | 524 | ||
| Etiology | 524 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 525 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 525 | ||
| Partial Seizures | 525 | ||
| Generalized Seizures | 525 | ||
| Diagnosis | 525 | ||
| Treatment | 525 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 527 | ||
| Nursing Management | 527 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 527 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, and Implementation | 527 | ||
| Patient Education | 528 | ||
| Evaluation | 528 | ||
| Transient Ischemic Attack | 529 | ||
| Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke, Brain Attack) | 529 | ||
| Etiology | 529 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 529 | ||
| Cerebral Aneurysm and Arteriovenous Malformation | 530 | ||
| Stroke Prevention | 531 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 532 | ||
| Diagnosis | 534 | ||
| Treatment | 534 | ||
| Surgical Procedures | 535 | ||
| Complications | 535 | ||
| Extension of Hemorrhage or Rebleed | 535 | ||
| Seizures | 535 | ||
| Hydrocephalus | 535 | ||
| Nursing Management | 536 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection): Phase 1 | 536 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 536 | ||
| Implementation | 537 | ||
| Evaluation | 540 | ||
| Rehabilitation: Phase 2 | 540 | ||
| Continuum of Care: Phase 3 | 541 | ||
| Brain Tumor | 541 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 541 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 541 | ||
| Treatment | 541 | ||
| Surgery | 542 | ||
| Nursing Management | 542 | ||
| Complications | 543 | ||
| Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System | 543 | ||
| Bacterial Meningitis | 543 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 543 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 543 | ||
| Diagnosis | 544 | ||
| Treatment | 544 | ||
| Viral Meningitis | 544 | ||
| Nursing Management | 544 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) and Nursing Diagnosis | 544 | ||
| Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation | 545 | ||
| Encephalitis | 545 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 545 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 546 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 546 | ||
| Complications | 546 | ||
| Brain Abscess | 546 | ||
| Headaches | 546 | ||
| Migraine Headaches | 546 | ||
| Cluster Headaches | 547 | ||
| Tension Headaches | 548 | ||
| Cranial Nerve Disorders | 548 | ||
| Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) | 548 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 548 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 548 | ||
| Treatment | 548 | ||
| Nursing Management | 549 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) and Nursing Diagnosis | 549 | ||
| Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation | 549 | ||
| Bell Palsy | 549 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 550 | ||
| Key Points | 550 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 550 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 551 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 552 | ||
| Scenario A | 552 | ||
| Scenario B | 552 | ||
| Part I | 552 | ||
| Part II | 552 | ||
| Scenario C | 552 | ||
| 24 Care of Patients With Peripheral Nerve and Degenerative Neurologic Disorders | 553 | ||
| Objectives | 553 | ||
| Key Terms | 553 | ||
| Parkinson Disease | 553 | ||
| Etiology | 553 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 553 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 554 | ||
| Diagnosis | 554 | ||
| Treatment | 555 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 556 | ||
| Complications | 557 | ||
| Nursing Management | 557 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) and Nursing Diagnosis | 557 | ||
| Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation | 559 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 559 | ||
| Etiology | 559 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 560 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 560 | ||
| Diagnosis | 561 | ||
| Treatment | 561 | ||
| Nursing Management | 561 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection), Nursing Diagnosis, and Planning | 561 | ||
| Implementation and Evaluation | 562 | ||
| Alzheimer Disease | 562 | ||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | 562 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 562 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 562 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 563 | ||
| Nursing Management | 563 | ||
| Guillain-Barré Syndrome | 563 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 563 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 563 | ||
| Diagnosis | 563 | ||
| Treatment | 563 | ||
| Nursing Management | 564 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection), Nursing Diagnosis, and Planning | 564 | ||
| Implementation and Evaluation | 564 | ||
| Poliomyelitis and Postpolio Syndrome | 565 | ||
| Huntington Disease | 565 | ||
| Myasthenia Gravis | 565 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 565 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 565 | ||
| Diagnosis | 566 | ||
| Treatment | 566 | ||
| Nursing Management | 566 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection), Nursing Diagnosis, and Planning | 566 | ||
| Implementation and Evaluation | 567 | ||
| Restless Leg Syndrome | 567 | ||
| Community Care | 568 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 568 | ||
| Key Points | 568 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 569 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 569 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 570 | ||
| Scenario A | 570 | ||
| Scenario B | 570 | ||
| Scenario C | 570 | ||
| Scenario D | 570 | ||
| Unit VIII Sensory System | 571 | ||
| 25 The Sensory System | 571 | ||
| Objectives | 571 | ||
| Key Terms | 571 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye | 571 | ||
| Structures of the Eye | 571 | ||
| Functions of the Eye Structures | 572 | ||
| Aging-Related Eye Changes | 573 | ||
| The Eye | 574 | ||
| Eye Disorders | 574 | ||
| Prevention | 574 | ||
| Basic Eye Care | 574 | ||
| Prevention of Eye Injury | 575 | ||
| Prevention of Vision Loss | 575 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Examinations | 575 | ||
| Nursing Management of Eye Problems | 578 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 578 | ||
| History Taking | 578 | ||
| Physical Examination | 579 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 579 | ||
| Planning | 579 | ||
| Implementation | 580 | ||
| Nursing Interventions for Visually Impaired Patients | 580 | ||
| Evaluation | 582 | ||
| Community Care | 582 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear | 582 | ||
| Structures of the Ear | 582 | ||
| Functions of the Ear Structures | 583 | ||
| Age-Related Changes in the Ear | 583 | ||
| The Ear | 584 | ||
| Hearing Loss | 584 | ||
| Causes and Prevention | 584 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Examinations | 585 | ||
| Visual examination of the ear. | 585 | ||
| Tuning fork tests. | 587 | ||
| Test for nystagmus. | 587 | ||
| Romberg test. | 588 | ||
| Nursing Management | 588 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 588 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 588 | ||
| Implementation | 590 | ||
| Instillation of Ear Medication | 590 | ||
| Communicating With a Patient Who Is Hearing Impaired | 590 | ||
| Evaluation | 591 | ||
| Common Problems of Patients With Ear Disorders | 591 | ||
| Hearing Impairment | 591 | ||
| Dizziness and Vertigo | 592 | ||
| Tinnitus | 592 | ||
| Rehabilitation for Hearing Loss | 593 | ||
| Lip-Reading (Speech Reading) | 593 | ||
| Sign Language | 593 | ||
| Hearing Aids | 593 | ||
| Cochlear Implant | 594 | ||
| Hearing-Assistive Devices | 594 | ||
| Community Care | 594 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 594 | ||
| Key Points | 594 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 595 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 595 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 596 | ||
| Scenario A | 596 | ||
| Scenario B | 596 | ||
| Scenario C | 596 | ||
| 26 Care of Patients With Disorders of the Eyes and Ears | 597 | ||
| Objectives | 597 | ||
| Key Terms | 597 | ||
| Common Disorders of the Eye | 597 | ||
| Errors of Refraction | 597 | ||
| Uveitis | 598 | ||
| Dry Eye | 598 | ||
| Corneal Disorders | 599 | ||
| Keratitis | 599 | ||
| Corneal Ulcer | 599 | ||
| Corneal Transplantation (Keratoplasty) | 599 | ||
| Eye Trauma | 600 | ||
| Removal of Foreign Bodies From the Eye | 600 | ||
| Chemical Burns | 601 | ||
| Enucleation | 601 | ||
| Care of an artificial eye. | 601 | ||
| Cataract | 601 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 601 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 602 | ||
| Treatment | 602 | ||
| Nursing Management | 604 | ||
| Glaucoma | 604 | ||
| Etiology | 604 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 604 | ||
| Open-Angle Glaucoma | 605 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 605 | ||
| Diagnosis | 605 | ||
| Treatment | 605 | ||
| Nursing Management | 608 | ||
| Narrow-Angle (Angle-Closure) Glaucoma | 609 | ||
| Unit IX Gastrointestinal System | 624 | ||
| 27 The Gastrointestinal System | 624 | ||
| Objectives | 624 | ||
| Key Terms | 624 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System | 624 | ||
| Organs and Structures of the Gastrointestinal System | 624 | ||
| Functions of the Gastrointestinal System | 624 | ||
| Effects of Aging on the Gastrointestinal System | 626 | ||
| Structures and Locations of the Accessory Organs | 626 | ||
| Functions of the Gallbladder, Liver, and Pancreas | 626 | ||
| Effects of Aging on the Accessory Organs of Digestion | 627 | ||
| The Gastrointestinal System | 627 | ||
| Gastrointestinal System Disorders | 627 | ||
| Causes | 627 | ||
| Prevention of Gastrointestinal System Disorders | 627 | ||
| Causes of gallbladder disorders. | 628 | ||
| Prevention of gallbladder disorders. | 628 | ||
| Causes of liver disorders. | 628 | ||
| Prevention of liver disorders. | 628 | ||
| Causes of pancreatic disorders. | 629 | ||
| Prevention of pancreatic disorders. | 629 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests, Procedures, and Nursing Implications | 629 | ||
| Nursing Management | 635 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 635 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 636 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 637 | ||
| Implementation | 637 | ||
| Evaluation | 637 | ||
| Common Problems Related to the Gastrointestinal System | 637 | ||
| Anorexia | 637 | ||
| Nursing management. | 638 | ||
| Nausea and Vomiting | 639 | ||
| Accumulation of Flatus (Gas) | 639 | ||
| Unit X Musculoskeletal System | 719 | ||
| 31 The Musculoskeletal System | 719 | ||
| Objectives | 719 | ||
| Key Terms | 719 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System | 719 | ||
| Structures of the Musculoskeletal System | 719 | ||
| Functions of the Bones | 721 | ||
| Functions of the Muscles | 721 | ||
| Aging-Related Changes in the Musculoskeletal System | 721 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Disorders | 721 | ||
| Causes | 721 | ||
| Prevention | 721 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 722 | ||
| Nursing Management | 725 | ||
| Data Collection | 725 | ||
| History Taking | 725 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 725 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 726 | ||
| Implementation | 729 | ||
| Positioning | 729 | ||
| Exercise | 729 | ||
| Teaching Ambulation With Assistive Devices | 730 | ||
| Psychosocial Care | 732 | ||
| Evaluation | 732 | ||
| Common Problems Related to the Musculoskeletal System | 732 | ||
| Preventing Disability | 732 | ||
| Common Therapeutic Measures | 733 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 734 | ||
| Key Points | 734 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 734 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 734 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 735 | ||
| Scenario A | 735 | ||
| Scenario B | 735 | ||
| Scenario C | 735 | ||
| Scenario D | 735 | ||
| 32 Care of Patients With Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | 736 | ||
| Objectives | 736 | ||
| Key Terms | 736 | ||
| Connective Tissue Disorders | 736 | ||
| Sprain | 736 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 736 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 736 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 736 | ||
| Strain | 737 | ||
| Unit XI Urinary System | 766 | ||
| 33 The Urinary System | 766 | ||
| Objectives | 766 | ||
| Key Terms | 766 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Urologic System | 766 | ||
| Structures of the Urologic System and How they Interrelate | 766 | ||
| Functions of the Kidneys | 768 | ||
| Functions of the Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra | 768 | ||
| Aging-Related Changes | 768 | ||
| The Urologic System | 768 | ||
| Disorders of the Urologic System | 769 | ||
| Causes | 769 | ||
| Prevention | 769 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 770 | ||
| Nursing Management | 775 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 775 | ||
| History and Present Illness | 775 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 775 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 777 | ||
| Planning | 777 | ||
| Implementation | 778 | ||
| Care of Urinary Catheters | 778 | ||
| Measuring Intake and Output | 778 | ||
| Evaluation | 779 | ||
| Common Urologic Problems | 779 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence | 779 | ||
| Etiology | 779 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 779 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 779 | ||
| Diagnosis | 780 | ||
| Treatment | 780 | ||
| Surgeries to correct incontinence. | 782 | ||
| Nursing Management | 782 | ||
| Urinary Retention | 783 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 784 | ||
| Key Points | 784 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 784 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 785 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 786 | ||
| Scenario A | 786 | ||
| Scenario B | 786 | ||
| Scenario C | 786 | ||
| 34 Care of Patients With Disorders of the Urinary System | 787 | ||
| Objectives | 787 | ||
| Key Terms | 787 | ||
| Inflammatory Disorders of the Urinary Tract | 787 | ||
| Cystitis | 787 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 787 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 788 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 788 | ||
| Urethritis | 790 | ||
| Pyelonephritis | 790 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 790 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 790 | ||
| Diagnosis | 790 | ||
| Treatment | 790 | ||
| Unit XII Endocrine System | 821 | ||
| 35 The Endocrine System | 821 | ||
| Objectives | 821 | ||
| Key Terms | 821 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Endocrine System | 821 | ||
| Organs and Structures of the Endocrine System (Figure 35-1) | 821 | ||
| Functions of the Endocrine System | 822 | ||
| Effects of the Pituitary Hormones | 822 | ||
| Effects of the Thyroid Hormones | 824 | ||
| Functions of the Parathyroid Glands | 824 | ||
| Functions of the Adrenal Gland Hormones | 824 | ||
| Hormonal Function of the Pancreas | 826 | ||
| Effects of Aging on the Endocrine System | 826 | ||
| The Endocrine System | 827 | ||
| Endocrine System Disorders | 827 | ||
| Causes | 827 | ||
| Prevention | 828 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 828 | ||
| Nursing Management | 832 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 832 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 832 | ||
| Planning | 834 | ||
| Implementation | 834 | ||
| Evaluation | 834 | ||
| Community Care | 834 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 834 | ||
| Key Points | 834 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 834 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 834 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 835 | ||
| Scenario A | 835 | ||
| Scenario B | 835 | ||
| 36 Care of Patients With Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Disorders | 836 | ||
| Objectives | 836 | ||
| Key Terms | 836 | ||
| Disorders of the Pituitary Gland | 836 | ||
| Pituitary Tumors | 836 | ||
| Unit XIII Reproductive System | 882 | ||
| 38 Care of Women With Reproductive Disorders | 882 | ||
| Objectives | 882 | ||
| Key Terms | 882 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System | 883 | ||
| Primary External Structures | 883 | ||
| Primary Internal Structures | 883 | ||
| Accessory Organs | 883 | ||
| Phases of the Female Reproductive Cycle During the Childbearing Years | 884 | ||
| Sexual Development in the Fetus | 884 | ||
| Sexual Maturation | 884 | ||
| Menopause | 884 | ||
| Aging-Related Changes | 884 | ||
| Women’s Health Care | 884 | ||
| Normal Menstruation | 885 | ||
| Normal Menstrual Bleeding | 885 | ||
| Normal Vaginal Discharge | 885 | ||
| The Normal Breast | 886 | ||
| Menstrual Dysfunction | 886 | ||
| Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder | 886 | ||
| Dysmenorrhea | 886 | ||
| Primary dysmenorrhea. | 886 | ||
| Secondary dysmenorrhea. | 887 | ||
| Sexual disorders. | 887 | ||
| Contraception | 887 | ||
| Contraceptive Options | 887 | ||
| Natural Family Planning | 888 | ||
| Oral Contraceptives | 888 | ||
| Emergency Contraception | 892 | ||
| Infertility | 893 | ||
| Nursing Management | 894 | ||
| Assisted Reproduction | 894 | ||
| Menopause | 894 | ||
| Health Risks of Menopause | 895 | ||
| Osteoporosis. | 895 | ||
| Coronary heart disease. | 895 | ||
| Treatment Options During Menopause | 895 | ||
| Hormone therapy. | 895 | ||
| Bioidentical hormones. | 896 | ||
| Alternative therapies. | 896 | ||
| Health Screening and Assessment | 896 | ||
| Breast Self-Examination | 896 | ||
| Vulvar Self-Examination | 897 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests | 897 | ||
| The Pelvic Examination | 897 | ||
| Nursing Management | 897 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 897 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 900 | ||
| Planning | 900 | ||
| Implementation | 904 | ||
| Evaluation | 904 | ||
| Disorders of the Female Reproductive Tract | 905 | ||
| Pelvic Relaxation Syndrome (Cystocele, Rectocele, Enterocele, and Uterine Prolapse) | 905 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 905 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 905 | ||
| Diagnosis | 905 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 905 | ||
| Nonsurgical management. | 905 | ||
| Surgical management. | 905 | ||
| Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | 905 | ||
| Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding | 905 | ||
| Abnormal Uterine Bleeding | 906 | ||
| Leiomyoma | 906 | ||
| Endometriosis | 907 | ||
| Surgical Management | 907 | ||
| Inflammations of the Lower Genital Tract | 908 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 908 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 908 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 908 | ||
| Toxic Shock Syndrome | 909 | ||
| Cancer of the Reproductive Tract | 909 | ||
| Vulvar Cancer | 909 | ||
| Cancer of the Cervix | 909 | ||
| Cancer of the Uterus | 909 | ||
| Cancer of the Ovary | 909 | ||
| Disorders of the Breast | 910 | ||
| Benign Disorders of the Breast | 910 | ||
| Fibroadenoma | 910 | ||
| Fibrocystic Breast Changes | 910 | ||
| Intraductal Papilloma | 910 | ||
| Breast Cancer | 910 | ||
| Etiology and Diagnosis | 910 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 912 | ||
| Prevention | 912 | ||
| Treatment | 912 | ||
| Breast Reconstructive Surgery | 915 | ||
| Reduction mammoplasty. | 915 | ||
| Augmentation mammoplasty. | 915 | ||
| Reconstructive mammoplasty. | 916 | ||
| Nursing Management for Breast Cancer Surgery | 916 | ||
| Preoperative care. | 916 | ||
| Postoperative care. | 916 | ||
| Collaborative care. | 917 | ||
| Complications | 917 | ||
| Lymphedema. | 917 | ||
| Home Care | 917 | ||
| Community Care | 919 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination | 919 | ||
| Key Points | 919 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 920 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 920 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 921 | ||
| Scenario | 921 | ||
| 39 Care of Men With Reproductive Disorders | 922 | ||
| Objectives | 922 | ||
| Key Terms | 922 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System | 923 | ||
| Structures | 923 | ||
| Functions of the Organs of the Male Reproductive System | 923 | ||
| Control of Sperm Production | 923 | ||
| Age-Related Changes | 924 | ||
| The Male Reproductive System | 924 | ||
| Fertility | 924 | ||
| Contraception | 924 | ||
| Reversible Contraception | 924 | ||
| Permanent Contraception: Vasectomy | 924 | ||
| Nursing Management | 925 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 925 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests | 926 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 927 | ||
| Planning | 927 | ||
| Implementation | 927 | ||
| Evaluation | 927 | ||
| Disorders of the Male Reproductive System | 927 | ||
| Erectile Dysfunction | 927 | ||
| Treatment | 928 | ||
| Ejaculation Disorders | 928 | ||
| Infertility | 928 | ||
| Hydrocele | 929 | ||
| Varicocele | 930 | ||
| Testicular Torsion | 930 | ||
| Priapism | 930 | ||
| Peyronie Disease | 930 | ||
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | 931 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 931 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 931 | ||
| Diagnosis | 931 | ||
| Treatment | 931 | ||
| Drug therapy. | 931 | ||
| Herbal therapy. | 932 | ||
| Surgery. | 932 | ||
| Nursing Management | 932 | ||
| Preoperative care. | 932 | ||
| Postoperative care. | 932 | ||
| Inflammations and Infections of the Male Reproductive Tract | 936 | ||
| Epididymitis | 936 | ||
| Orchitis | 936 | ||
| Prostatitis | 936 | ||
| Cancer of the Male Reproductive Tract | 937 | ||
| Penile Cancer | 937 | ||
| Testicular Cancer | 937 | ||
| Prostate Cancer | 938 | ||
| Clinical symptoms and screening. | 938 | ||
| Treatment and nursing care. | 938 | ||
| Community Care | 939 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 940 | ||
| Key Points | 940 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 940 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 940 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 941 | ||
| Scenario A | 941 | ||
| Scenario B | 942 | ||
| 40 Care of Patients With Sexually Transmitted Infections | 943 | ||
| Objectives | 943 | ||
| Key Terms | 943 | ||
| Common Infections of the Female Reproductive Tract | 944 | ||
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | 944 | ||
| Candidiasis | 944 | ||
| Bacterial Vaginosis | 944 | ||
| Risk Factors for Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections | 944 | ||
| Prevention of Human Papillomavirus | 945 | ||
| Lesions of Sexually Transmitted Infections | 945 | ||
| Reporting Sexually Transmitted Infections | 945 | ||
| Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections | 945 | ||
| Common Diagnostic Tests | 945 | ||
| Nursing Management | 951 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 951 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 952 | ||
| Planning | 952 | ||
| Implementation | 952 | ||
| Symptom Relief | 952 | ||
| Prevention of Spread | 952 | ||
| Evaluation | 953 | ||
| Community Care | 954 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 954 | ||
| Key Points | 954 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 954 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 954 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 955 | ||
| Scenario A | 955 | ||
| Scenario B | 955 | ||
| Unit XIV Integumentary System | 956 | ||
| 41 The Integumentary System | 956 | ||
| Objectives | 956 | ||
| Key Terms | 956 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Integumentary System | 956 | ||
| Structure of the Skin, Hair, and Nails | 956 | ||
| Functions of the Skin and Its Structures | 957 | ||
| Aging-Related Changes in the Skin and Its Structures | 957 | ||
| The Integumentary System | 958 | ||
| Disorders of the Integumentary System | 958 | ||
| Causes | 958 | ||
| Prevention | 958 | ||
| Hygiene. | 958 | ||
| Diet. | 958 | ||
| Age. | 959 | ||
| Environment. | 959 | ||
| Integrity of Skin | 960 | ||
| Nursing Management | 960 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 961 | ||
| Skin biopsy. | 961 | ||
| Culture and sensitivity tests. | 961 | ||
| Microscopic tests. | 961 | ||
| Special light inspection. | 961 | ||
| Diascopy. | 961 | ||
| Skin patch testing. | 961 | ||
| Nursing care for diagnostic tests. | 961 | ||
| Nursing Management | 961 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 961 | ||
| History Taking | 961 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 962 | ||
| Assessing the Skin for Signs of Breakdown | 964 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 964 | ||
| Implementation | 965 | ||
| Giving Medicated Baths | 966 | ||
| Laundry Requirements | 966 | ||
| Application of Wet Compresses or Dressings | 966 | ||
| Application of Topical Therapy | 966 | ||
| Evaluation | 966 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 967 | ||
| Key Points | 967 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 967 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 968 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 969 | ||
| Scenario A | 969 | ||
| Scenario B | 969 | ||
| Scenario C | 969 | ||
| 42 Care of Patients With Integumentary Disorders and Burns | 970 | ||
| Objectives | 970 | ||
| Key Terms | 970 | ||
| Inflammatory Infections | 970 | ||
| Dermatitis | 970 | ||
| Unit XV Emergency and Disaster Management | 1002 | ||
| 43 Care of Patients During Disasters, Bioterrorism Attacks, and Pandemic Infections | 1002 | ||
| Objectives | 1002 | ||
| Key Terms | 1002 | ||
| Disaster Preparedness and Response | 1002 | ||
| Hospital Preparedness | 1003 | ||
| Triage | 1004 | ||
| Nursing Roles and Responsibilities During Disaster | 1004 | ||
| Community Preparedness | 1009 | ||
| Psychological Responses to Disaster | 1010 | ||
| Care of Special Populations | 1011 | ||
| Water and Food Safety | 1011 | ||
| Nursing Management in the Reconstruction Stage | 1012 | ||
| Preparing for Chemical, Nuclear, or Biologic Disasters | 1012 | ||
| Chemical Disaster | 1012 | ||
| Nuclear Disaster | 1015 | ||
| Biologic Disaster | 1015 | ||
| Recognizing a Bioterrorism Event | 1015 | ||
| Biologic Agents | 1016 | ||
| Anthrax. | 1016 | ||
| Botulism. | 1018 | ||
| Plague. | 1019 | ||
| Smallpox. | 1019 | ||
| Tularemia. | 1020 | ||
| Viral hemorrhagic fevers. | 1020 | ||
| Pandemic influenza infection. | 1020 | ||
| Nurse’s Role in Preparedness and Response | 1021 | ||
| Nursing management. | 1021 | ||
| Active Shooter | 1022 | ||
| Debriefing. | 1022 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 1022 | ||
| Key Points | 1022 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 1023 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 1023 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 1024 | ||
| Scenario A | 1024 | ||
| Scenario B | 1024 | ||
| Scenario C | 1024 | ||
| 44 Care of Patients With Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock | 1025 | ||
| Objectives | 1025 | ||
| Key Terms | 1025 | ||
| Prevention of Accidents | 1025 | ||
| Home Safety | 1025 | ||
| Highway Safety | 1025 | ||
| Water Safety | 1025 | ||
| First Aid and Good Samaritan Laws | 1026 | ||
| Psychological and Social Emergencies | 1028 | ||
| The Combative Patient | 1028 | ||
| Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence | 1028 | ||
| Child Abuse | 1029 | ||
| Elder Abuse | 1029 | ||
| Emergency Care | 1029 | ||
| Triage: Initial (or Primary) Survey | 1029 | ||
| Airway | 1030 | ||
| Breathing | 1030 | ||
| Control of Bleeding | 1031 | ||
| Neck and Spine Injuries | 1031 | ||
| Chest Trauma | 1032 | ||
| Pneumothorax, Hemothorax, and Tension Pneumothorax | 1032 | ||
| Cardiac Trauma | 1033 | ||
| Abdominal Trauma | 1033 | ||
| Multiple Trauma | 1033 | ||
| Metabolic Emergencies | 1033 | ||
| Insulin Reaction or Severe Hypoglycemia | 1033 | ||
| Unit XVI Mental Health Nursing of the Adult | 1051 | ||
| 45 Care of Patients With Anxiety, Mood, and Eating Disorders | 1051 | ||
| Objectives | 1051 | ||
| Key Terms | 1051 | ||
| Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders | 1051 | ||
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 1052 | ||
| Phobic Disorder | 1053 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 1053 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 1053 | ||
| Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders | 1054 | ||
| Treatment of Anxiety Disorders | 1054 | ||
| Nursing Management | 1055 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1055 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1056 | ||
| Planning | 1056 | ||
| Implementation | 1056 | ||
| Evaluation | 1057 | ||
| Mood Disorders | 1057 | ||
| Bipolar Disorder | 1057 | ||
| Treatment | 1057 | ||
| Nursing Management | 1058 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1058 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1058 | ||
| Planning | 1058 | ||
| Implementation | 1059 | ||
| Evaluation | 1061 | ||
| Major Depressive Disorder | 1061 | ||
| Treatment | 1062 | ||
| Nursing Management | 1064 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1064 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1064 | ||
| Planning | 1064 | ||
| Implementation | 1064 | ||
| Evaluation | 1065 | ||
| Suicidal Patients | 1065 | ||
| Nursing Management | 1065 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1065 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1065 | ||
| Planning | 1066 | ||
| Implementation | 1066 | ||
| Evaluation | 1066 | ||
| Eating Disorders | 1066 | ||
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1066 | ||
| Bulimia Nervosa | 1067 | ||
| Treatment of Eating Disorders | 1067 | ||
| Nursing Management | 1067 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1067 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1067 | ||
| Planning | 1067 | ||
| Implementation | 1068 | ||
| Evaluation | 1068 | ||
| Community Care | 1068 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 1068 | ||
| Key Points | 1068 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 1069 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 1069 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 1070 | ||
| Scenario A | 1070 | ||
| Scenario B | 1070 | ||
| Scenario C | 1071 | ||
| Scenario D | 1071 | ||
| Scenario E | 1071 | ||
| 46 Care of Patients With Substance Abuse Disorders | 1072 | ||
| Objectives | 1072 | ||
| Key Terms | 1072 | ||
| Substance and Alcohol Abuse | 1072 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 1073 | ||
| Effects of Substance Abuse on Family and Friends | 1074 | ||
| Disorders Associated with Substance Abuse | 1075 | ||
| Alcohol Abuse | 1075 | ||
| Symptoms of Intoxication and Withdrawal | 1075 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1076 | ||
| Treatment | 1076 | ||
| Complications | 1076 | ||
| Abuse of Other Central Nervous System Depressants | 1078 | ||
| Treatment | 1078 | ||
| Abuse of Opiates | 1079 | ||
| Treatment | 1080 | ||
| Abuse of Stimulants | 1080 | ||
| Treatment | 1081 | ||
| Abuse of Nicotine | 1081 | ||
| Treatment | 1082 | ||
| Abuse of Cannabis | 1082 | ||
| Abuse of Hallucinogens and Inhalants | 1082 | ||
| Treatment | 1083 | ||
| Nursing Management | 1083 | ||
| Assessment for Substance Abuse (Data Collection) | 1083 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1083 | ||
| Planning | 1084 | ||
| Implementation | 1084 | ||
| Intervening With the Family | 1085 | ||
| Evaluation | 1085 | ||
| Community Care | 1085 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 1089 | ||
| Key Points | 1089 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 1089 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 1090 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 1091 | ||
| Scenario A | 1091 | ||
| Scenario B | 1091 | ||
| Scenario C | 1091 | ||
| Scenario D | 1091 | ||
| 47 Care of Patients With Cognitive Disorders | 1092 | ||
| Objectives | 1092 | ||
| Key Terms | 1092 | ||
| Overview of Cognitive Disorders | 1092 | ||
| Delirium | 1092 | ||
| Substance-Induced Delirium | 1093 | ||
| Dementia | 1093 | ||
| Alzheimer Disease | 1094 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 1094 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 1094 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1095 | ||
| Treatment | 1095 | ||
| Nursing Management | 1096 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1096 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 1096 | ||
| Implementation and Evaluation | 1096 | ||
| Vascular Dementia | 1100 | ||
| AIDS Dementia Complex | 1100 | ||
| Nursing Management | 1100 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1100 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1102 | ||
| Planning | 1102 | ||
| Implementation | 1102 | ||
| Assessment of and Interventions for the Family | 1105 | ||
| Evaluation | 1106 | ||
| Community Care | 1106 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 1106 | ||
| Key Points | 1106 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 1107 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 1107 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 1108 | ||
| Scenario A | 1108 | ||
| Scenario B | 1108 | ||
| Scenario C | 1108 | ||
| Scenario D | 1108 | ||
| 48 Care of Patients With Thought and Personality Disorders | 1109 | ||
| Objectives | 1109 | ||
| Key Terms | 1109 | ||
| Overview of Thought Disorders | 1109 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 1109 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 1109 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 1110 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1111 | ||
| Treatment | 1112 | ||
| Nursing Management | 1115 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1115 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1115 | ||
| Planning | 1115 | ||
| Implementation | 1116 | ||
| Evaluation | 1117 | ||
| Overview of Personality Disorders | 1120 | ||
| Borderline Personality Disorder | 1121 | ||
| Treatment | 1121 | ||
| Nursing Management | 1121 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1121 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1122 | ||
| Planning | 1122 | ||
| Implementation | 1122 | ||
| Evaluation | 1122 | ||
| Community Care | 1123 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 1123 | ||
| Key Points | 1123 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 1123 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 1124 | ||
| Critical Thinking Questions | 1125 | ||
| Scenario A | 1125 | ||
| Scenario B | 1125 | ||
| Scenario C | 1125 | ||
| Scenario D | 1125 | ||
| Appendixes | 1126 | ||
| appendix A Most Common Laboratory Test Values | 1126 | ||
| appendix B Standard Precautions* | 1136 | ||
| A. Hand Hygiene | 1136 | ||
| B. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | 1136 | ||
| Gloves | 1136 | ||
| Gowns | 1137 | ||
| Mouth, Nose, and Eye Protection | 1137 | ||
| Patient Care Equipment and Instruments/Devices | 1137 | ||
| Care of the Environment | 1137 | ||
| Textiles and Laundry | 1137 | ||
| Safe Injection Practices | 1137 | ||
| Worker Safety | 1138 | ||
| appendix C Standard Steps for All Nursing Procedures | 1139 | ||
| At the Beginning of the Procedure | 1139 | ||
| Step A: Perform Task According to Protocol | 1139 | ||
| Step B: Check Orders, Collect Equipment and Supplies, and Perform Hand Hygiene | 1139 | ||
| Step C: Identify and Prepare Patient | 1139 | ||
| Step D: Provide Privacy, Institute Safety Precautions, Arrange Supplies and Equipment | 1139 | ||
| During the Procedure | 1139 | ||
| Step E: Use Standard Precautions and Aseptic Technique as Appropriate | 1139 | ||
| At the End of the Procedure | 1139 | ||
| Step X: Remove Gloves and Other Protective Equipment | 1139 | ||
| Step Y: Restore Unit | 1139 | ||
| Step Z: Record and Report Procedure | 1140 | ||
| Reader References | 1141 | ||
| Chapter 1: Caring for Medical-Surgical Patients | 1141 | ||
| Chapter 2: Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process | 1141 | ||
| Chapter 3: Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy | 1141 | ||
| Chapter 4: Care of Preoperative and Intraoperative Surgical Patients | 1141 | ||
| Chapter 5: Care of Postoperative Surgical Patients | 1141 | ||
| Chapter 6: Infection Prevention and Control | 1141 | ||
| Chapter 7: Care of Patients With Pain | 1142 | ||
| Chapter 8: Care of Patients With Cancer | 1142 | ||
| Chapter 9: Chronic Illness and Rehabilitation | 1143 | ||
| Chapter 10: The Immune and Lymphatic Systems | 1143 | ||
| Chapter 11: Care of Patients With Immune and Lymphatic Disorders | 1143 | ||
| Chapter 12: The Respiratory System | 1144 | ||
| Chapter 13: Care of Patients With Disorders of the Upper Respiratory System | 1144 | ||
| Chapter 14: Care of Patients With Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System | 1144 | ||
| Chapter 15: The Hematologic System | 1145 | ||
| Chapter 16: Care of Patients With Hematologic Disorders | 1145 | ||
| Chapter 17: The Cardiovascular System | 1146 | ||
| Chapter 18: Care of Patients With Hypertension and Peripheral Vascular Disease | 1146 | ||
| Chapter 19: Care of Patients With Cardiac Disorders | 1147 | ||
| Chapter 20: Care of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Surgery | 1147 | ||
| Chapter 21: The Neurologic System | 1147 | ||
| Chapter 22: Care of Patients With Head and Spinal Cord Injuries | 1148 | ||
| Chapter 23: Care of Patients With Disorders of the Brain | 1148 | ||
| Chapter 24: Care of Patients With Peripheral Nerve and Degenerative Neurologic Disorders | 1148 | ||
| Chapter 25 The Sensory System: Eye and Ear | 1149 | ||
| Chapter 26: Care of Patients With Disorders of the Eyes and Ears | 1149 | ||
| Chapter 27: The Gastrointestinal System | 1149 | ||
| Chapter 28: Care of Patients With Disorders of the Upper Gastrointestinal System | 1150 | ||
| Chapter 29: Care of Patients With Disorders of the Lower Gastrointestinal System | 1150 | ||
| Chapter 30: Care of Patients With Disorders of the Gallbladder, Liver, and Pancreas | 1151 | ||
| Chapter 31: The Musculoskeletal System | 1151 | ||
| Chapter 32: Care of Patients with Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | 1151 | ||
| Chapter 33: The Urinary System | 1152 | ||
| Chapter 34: Care of Patients With Disorders of the Urinary System | 1152 | ||
| Chapter 35: The Endocrine System | 1153 | ||
| Chapter 36: Care of Patients With Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Disorders | 1153 | ||
| Chapter 37: Care of Patients With Diabetes and Hypoglycemia | 1154 | ||
| Chapter 38: Care of Women With Reproductive Disorders | 1154 | ||
| Chapter 39: Care of Men With Reproductive Disorders | 1155 | ||
| Chapter 40: Care of Patients With Sexually Transmitted Infections | 1155 | ||
| Chapter 41: The Integumentary System | 1156 | ||
| Chapter 42: Care of Patients with Integumentary Disorders and Burns | 1156 | ||
| Chapter 43: Care of Patients during Disasters, Bioterrorism Attacks, and Pandemic Infections | 1157 | ||
| Chapter 44: Care of Patients With Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock | 1158 | ||
| Chapter 45: Care of Patients With Anxiety, Mood, and Eating Disorders | 1159 | ||
| Chapter 46: Care of Patients with Substance Abuse Disorders | 1159 | ||
| Chapter 47: Care of Patients with Cognitive Disorders | 1160 | ||
| Chapter 48: Care of Patients With Thought and Personality Disorders | 1161 | ||
| Glossary | 1162 | ||
| A | 1162 | ||
| B | 1164 | ||
| C | 1165 | ||
| D | 1167 | ||
| E | 1168 | ||
| F | 1170 | ||
| G | 1170 | ||
| H | 1171 | ||
| I | 1173 | ||
| J | 1174 | ||
| K | 1174 | ||
| L | 1174 | ||
| M | 1175 | ||
| N | 1176 | ||
| O | 1176 | ||
| P | 1177 | ||
| Q | 1179 | ||
| R | 1179 | ||
| S | 1180 | ||
| T | 1182 | ||
| U | 1183 | ||
| V | 1183 | ||
| W | 1183 | ||
| X | 1183 | ||
| Y | 1183 | ||
| Z | 1183 | ||
| Index | 1184 | ||
| A | 1184 | ||
| B | 1188 | ||
| C | 1191 | ||
| D | 1196 | ||
| E | 1198 | ||
| F | 1200 | ||
| G | 1202 | ||
| H | 1203 | ||
| I | 1206 | ||
| J | 1209 | ||
| K | 1209 | ||
| L | 1209 | ||
| M | 1211 | ||
| N | 1213 | ||
| O | 1214 | ||
| P | 1216 | ||
| Q | 1221 | ||
| R | 1221 | ||
| S | 1222 | ||
| T | 1226 | ||
| U | 1228 | ||
| V | 1229 | ||
| W | 1230 | ||
| X | 1230 | ||
| Y | 1230 | ||
| Z | 1230 | ||
| Inside Back Cover | ibc1 |