BOOK
Pathology Informatics, An Issue of the Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of the Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, edited by Dr. Anil Parwani, is a special issue is devoted to topics in Pathology Informatics. Topics include but are not limited to: Basics of Information Systems (Hardware, Software); Networks, Interfaces and Communications; Databases; Laboratory Information Systems; Enhancing and Customizing Laboratory Information Systems; Laboratory Management and Operations; Specialized Laboratory Information Systems; Bar Coding and Tracking; Molecular Pathology Informatics; Pathology Informatics and Project Management; Digital Imaging; Telepathology; Healthcare Information Systems; Data Security and Reliability; Role of Pathology Informatics in IT Leadership; Selection and Implementation of New Information Systems; Biomedical Informatics and Research Informatics; Training in Pathology Informatics; and more.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Pathology Informatics | i | ||
| Copyrights\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Laboratory Information Systems\r | v | ||
| Bar Coding and Tracking in Pathology\r | v | ||
| Enhancing and Customizing Laboratory Information Systems to Improve/Enhance Pathologist Workflow\r | v | ||
| Specialized Laboratory Information Systems\r | vi | ||
| Laboratory Information Systems Management and Operations\r | vi | ||
| Molecular Pathology Informatics\r | vi | ||
| Pathology Gross Photography: The Beginning of Digital Pathology\r | vi | ||
| Advanced Imaging Techniques for the Pathologist\r | vii | ||
| Overview of Telepathology\r | vii | ||
| Selection and Implementation of New Information Systems\r | vii | ||
| Health Information Systems\r | vii | ||
| Translational Bioinformatics and Clinical Research (Biomedical) Informatics\r | viii | ||
| Training in Informatics: Teaching Informatics in Surgical Pathology\r | viii | ||
| Clinics in Laboratory Medicine\r | ix | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | ix | ||
| June 2016 | ix | ||
| September 2016 | ix | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | ix | ||
| December 2015 | ix | ||
| September 2015 | ix | ||
| June 2015 | ix | ||
| Laboratory Information Systems | 1 | ||
| OVERVIEW TO LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEMS | 1 | ||
| ELEMENTS OF LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEMS | 1 | ||
| Laboratory Information System Infrastructure | 1 | ||
| Laboratory Information System Architecture | 2 | ||
| THE HEART OF AN LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEM: DICTIONARY TABLES AND DEFINITIONS | 4 | ||
| FEATURES OF ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THEIR ROLES IN LABORATORY OPERATIONS | 5 | ||
| Specimen Intake and Accessioning | 5 | ||
| Gross Specimen Processing and Sectioning (“Grossing”) | 7 | ||
| Histology Processing and Slide Creation | 7 | ||
| Pathologist Interpretation and Final Report Generation and Distribution | 8 | ||
| Report Amendments and Addenda | 9 | ||
| The Laboratory Information System and Laboratory Administration | 9 | ||
| ADVANCED FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS IN LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEMS | 10 | ||
| REFERENCES | 10 | ||
| Bar Coding and Tracking in Pathology | 13 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 13 | ||
| HISTORY | 13 | ||
| TYPES OF BAR CODES | 14 | ||
| 1-D Symbology | 16 | ||
| 2-D Symbology | 16 | ||
| ERROR RATES | 17 | ||
| BAR CODE FAILURES | 18 | ||
| MEDIA AND LABELS | 19 | ||
| STANDARDIZATION | 19 | ||
| HARDWARE | 20 | ||
| SOFTWARE | 22 | ||
| WORKFLOW | 22 | ||
| DASHBOARDS/STATUS MONITORS | 24 | ||
| IMPLEMENTATION | 24 | ||
| INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS | 27 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 27 | ||
| SUMMARY | 28 | ||
| REFERENCES | 28 | ||
| Enhancing and Customizing Laboratory Information Systems to Improve/Enhance Pathologist Workflow | 31 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 31 | ||
| VOICE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY | 32 | ||
| WORK PROCESSING | 32 | ||
| QUALITY ASSURANCE | 33 | ||
| SURGICAL PATHOLOGY REPORT | 34 | ||
| AUTOMATED ORDER ENTRY TO PATHOLOGY LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEMS | 35 | ||
| USE OF IMAGES IN SURGICAL PATHOLOGY | 36 | ||
| REFERENCES | 37 | ||
| Specialized Laboratory Information Systems | 41 | ||
| OVERVIEW: WHAT IS A SPECIALIZED LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEM? | 41 | ||
| IDENTIFYING SHORTCOMINGS | 41 | ||
| Potential Shortcomings of an Existing Laboratory Information System | 41 | ||
| Potential Shortcoming of a New Laboratory Information System | 41 | ||
| Shortcomings due to Evolving Technology | 43 | ||
| Shortcomings due to Nontraditional Data Sets | 43 | ||
| MEETING UNIQUE NEEDS | 43 | ||
| Options for Filling Gaps | 43 | ||
| Option 1: Buying from an Existing Vendor | 43 | ||
| Option 2: Buying from a Separate Vendor | 44 | ||
| Option 3: Bridging or Building | 44 | ||
| Bridging | 44 | ||
| Building | 45 | ||
| Large-scale commercial laboratory | 45 | ||
| CONSIDERATIONS FOR BUILDING AN IN-HOUSE LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEM MODULE | 45 | ||
| Scalability and Timeliness | 45 | ||
| Experience of the Design Team | 45 | ||
| Support Costs | 46 | ||
| Cost Versus Benefit | 46 | ||
| NEWER TECHNOLOGIES AND REPORTING OPTIONS | 46 | ||
| The Off-Site LIS | 46 | ||
| Reporting Results to Clients | 47 | ||
| Example 1—Client Level Access | 47 | ||
| Example 2—Client Subgroups | 47 | ||
| Example 3—Individual Access | 47 | ||
| Example 4—Result Level Reporting | 47 | ||
| EXAMPLE: HEMATOPATHOLOGY, THE SPECIALTY THAT CHALLENGES THE SPECIALIZED LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEM | 48 | ||
| Specialized Laboratories | 48 | ||
| Complex Workflow | 48 | ||
| Multimodality Testing and Data Types | 49 | ||
| Timeline | 49 | ||
| Data Integration from Multiple Laboratories | 49 | ||
| Multisystem | 49 | ||
| Evolving Technologies | 50 | ||
| SUMMARY | 50 | ||
| REFERENCES | 50 | ||
| Laboratory Information Systems Management and Operations | 51 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 51 | ||
| SYSTEM VALIDATION | 52 | ||
| INTERFACE MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING | 52 | ||
| TRAINING | 53 | ||
| HELP DESK SUPPORT | 54 | ||
| CHANGE CONTROL AND DOCUMENTATION | 54 | ||
| MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVES | 54 | ||
| DATABASE MAINTENANCE | 55 | ||
| NEW PRODUCT EVALUATION | 55 | ||
| REFERENCES | 55 | ||
| Molecular Pathology Informatics | 57 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 57 | ||
| MOLECULAR INFORMATICS | 58 | ||
| NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING | 59 | ||
| NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING INFORMATICS | 60 | ||
| BIG DATA AND CLOUD COMPUTING | 60 | ||
| INFORMATICS CHALLENGES FOR NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING–BASED CLINICAL TESTING | 62 | ||
| Data Storage | 62 | ||
| Networking Infrastructure | 63 | ||
| Computing Infrastructure | 63 | ||
| Data Security | 63 | ||
| Interoperability | 64 | ||
| FUTURE PERSPECTIVE | 64 | ||
| REFERENCES | 65 | ||
| Pathology Gross Photography | 67 | ||
| OVERVIEW: SETTING THE STAGE | 67 | ||
| GROSS PHOTOS IN PRACTICE | 68 | ||
| THE DECISION TO SHOOT | 68 | ||
| THE SETUP | 72 | ||
| THE TOOLS | 76 | ||
| THE CLUES | 79 | ||
| THE POINT | 82 | ||
| REFERENCES | 87 | ||
| Advanced Imaging Techniques for the Pathologist | 89 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 89 | ||
| OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY | 90 | ||
| EXPERIENCE WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY | 92 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 94 | ||
| REFERENCES | 98 | ||
| Overview of Telepathology | 101 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 101 | ||
| TELEHEALTH | 102 | ||
| HISTORICAL OVERVIEW | 102 | ||
| TELEPATHOLOGY APPLICATIONS | 104 | ||
| TELECOMMUNICATION | 105 | ||
| TELEPATHOLOGY MODES AND SYSTEMS | 105 | ||
| Static Telepathology | 106 | ||
| Robotic Telepathology | 107 | ||
| Whole-Slide Imaging | 107 | ||
| REFERENCES | 108 | ||
| Selection and Implementation of New Information Systems | 113 | ||
| OVERVIEW: SELECTION | 113 | ||
| Background and Concepts | 113 | ||
| Selection | 115 | ||
| Sample Request for Information or Request for Proposal | 116 | ||
| Technical environment | 116 | ||
| Hardware | 116 | ||
| Software | 116 | ||
| Network and interface issues | 116 | ||
| SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT | 117 | ||
| System Proposal | 117 | ||
| Sample Request for Information or Request for Proposal | 117 | ||
| List of functional requirements | 117 | ||
| SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION | 129 | ||
| Preparation Phase | 130 | ||
| System Configuration, Implementation Testing, and Validation | 130 | ||
| Training | 130 | ||
| Go-Live | 131 | ||
| REFERENCES | 131 | ||
| Health Information Systems | 133 | ||
| 1–A. HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS—SETTINGS AND FUNCTIONS | 133 | ||
| 1–B. HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS—ARCHETYPAL ARCHITECTURES | 136 | ||
| 2. ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD SYSTEMS AS A FOUNDATIONAL TOOL | 137 | ||
| ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSES | 138 | ||
| CENTRALIZATION OF HEALTH INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE | 139 | ||
| RESULTS MANAGEMENT | 139 | ||
| MESSAGING (ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION AND CONNECTIVITY) | 143 | ||
| COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER ORDER ENTRY | 144 | ||
| DECISION SUPPORT | 146 | ||
| PATIENT SUPPORT | 149 | ||
| DATA CAPTURE, REPORTING, AND POPULATION HEALTH MANAGEMENT | 149 | ||
| SUMMARY | 151 | ||
| REFERENCES | 151 | ||
| Translational Bioinformatics and Clinical Research (Biomedical) Informatics | 153 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF TRANSLATIONAL BIOINFORMATICS AND CLINICAL RESEARCH (BIOMEDICAL) INFORMATICS | 153 | ||
| ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF TRANSLATIONAL BIOINFORMATICS AND CLINICAL RESEARCH (BIOMEDICAL) INFORMATICS | 154 | ||
| 1. The Cancer Genome Atlas | 154 | ||
| 2. cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics | 155 | ||
| 3. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center—Clinical Variants and Results Database | 169 | ||
| Use cases for the clinical variants and results system | 171 | ||
| Development of a data warehousing solution | 171 | ||
| Improving how change history is tracked | 171 | ||
| Facilitating the sign-out process | 171 | ||
| Providing a start-to-finish dashboard view of laboratory operations | 173 | ||
| Implementation | 173 | ||
| Database schema | 173 | ||
| Web portal | 175 | ||
| Analytics | 175 | ||
| Extension to molecular diagnostic assays in general | 177 | ||
| REFERENCES | 181 | ||
| Training in Informatics | 183 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 183 | ||
| THE WHAT—CURRICULUM CONTENT | 184 | ||
| THE HOW—METHOD(S) OF TEACHING/LEARNING PATHOLOGY INFORMATICS | 185 | ||
| LABORATORY INFORMATICS TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA | 191 | ||
| SUMMARY | 196 | ||
| REFERENCES | 196 |