BOOK
Contemporary Antibiotic Management for Urologic Procedures and Infections, An Issue of Urologic Clinics, E-Book
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The Guest Editors created a unique focus to the general topic of infectious diseases. They have focused on contemporary management of antibiotics used for procedures and infections. Articles are devoted to: Update on Antibiotic Prophylaxis for GU Procedures in Patients with Arificial Joint Replacement and Artifical Heart Valves; Asymptomatic Bacteriuria; Urinary Tract Infection and Bacteruria in Pregnancy; Resistance Patterns in Contemporary Antibiotics: ESBL and Beyond ; UTI and Neurogenic Bladder; Modern Guidelines for Skin and Bowel Prep for Open and Laparascopic GU Surgery; Work up of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection; Pre Prostate Biopsy Rectal Culture and Post Biopsy Sepsis; Infection with Foreign Bodies: Mesh and Prostheses; Treatment of the Infected Stone; Sexually Transmitted Infections: Updated Guidelines and Treatment; Bacteruria/UTI in the Elderly; Treatement of Fungal Urinary Tract Infection; and STDs.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Contemporary AntibioticManagement for UrologicProcedures and Infections | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | iii | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | iii | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | iii | ||
| ACCREDITATION | iii | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | iii | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | iii | ||
| TO ENROLL | iii | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | iv | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | v | ||
| EDITORS | v | ||
| AUTHORS | v | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword: Contemporary Antibiotic Management for Urologic Procedures and Infections\r | vii | ||
| Preface: Contemporary Antibiotic Management for Urologic Procedures and Infections\r | vii | ||
| Modern Guidelines for Bowel Preparation and Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Open and Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery\r | vii | ||
| Update on Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Genitourinary Procedures in Patients with Artificial Joint Replacement and Artificial ... | vii | ||
| Preprostate Biopsy Rectal Culture and Postbiopsy Sepsis\r | vii | ||
| Treatment of the Infected Stone\r | viii | ||
| Treatment of Fungal Urinary Tract Infection\r | viii | ||
| Current Concepts in Infections Associated with Penile Prostheses and Artificial Sphincters\r | viii | ||
| Epidemiology and Management of Emerging Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Beyond\r | viii | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Infections\r | ix | ||
| Work-up of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection\r | ix | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection and Neurogenic Bladder\r | ix | ||
| Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Noncatheterized Adults\r | ix | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection and Bacteriuria in Pregnancy\r | x | ||
| Bacteruria and Urinary Tract Infections in the Elderly\r | x | ||
| UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| February 2016 | xi | ||
| May 2016 | xi | ||
| August 2016 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| August 2015 | xi | ||
| May 2015 | xi | ||
| February 2015 | xi | ||
| Foweword\r | xiii | ||
| Preface\r | xv | ||
| Modern Guidelines for Bowel Preparation and Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Open and Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery | 429 | ||
| Key points | 429 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 429 | ||
| MECHANICAL BOWEL PREPARATION | 429 | ||
| Rationale | 429 | ||
| Types of Mechanical Bowel Preparation | 430 | ||
| Oral Antibiotics in Combination with Mechanical Bowel Preparation | 430 | ||
| Disadvantages of Mechanical and Antibiotic Bowel Preparation | 431 | ||
| Bowel Preparation in Urology | 432 | ||
| Cystectomy with urinary diversion | 432 | ||
| Enhanced recovery protocols | 432 | ||
| Enterocystoplasty | 432 | ||
| Radical prostatectomy | 433 | ||
| Laparoscopic and robotic surgery | 433 | ||
| ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS | 434 | ||
| Before Skin Incision | 434 | ||
| Preparation of Skin | 436 | ||
| SUMMARY | 437 | ||
| REFERENCES | 437 | ||
| Update on Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Genitourinary Procedures in Patients with Artificial Joint Replacement and Artificial ... | 441 | ||
| Key points | 441 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 441 | ||
| SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPLANT-ASSOCIATED INFECTION | 442 | ||
| Artificial Total Joint Replacement Infection | 442 | ||
| Artificial Heart Valve Infection | 442 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS OF IMPLANT-ASSOCIATED INFECTION | 442 | ||
| SOURCES OF BACTEREMIA | 443 | ||
| Urologic Procedures | 443 | ||
| Bacteremia from Other Sources | 443 | ||
| ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTIFICIAL JOINT REPLACEMENTS | 444 | ||
| ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTIFICIAL HEART VALVES | 445 | ||
| SUMMARY | 446 | ||
| REFERENCES | 446 | ||
| Preprostate Biopsy Rectal Culture and Postbiopsy Sepsis | 449 | ||
| Key points | 449 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 449 | ||
| CURRENT TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND-GUIDED PROSTATE BIOPSY ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS GUIDELINES | 451 | ||
| ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON CURRENT TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND-GUIDED PROSTATE BIOPSY ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHY ... | 451 | ||
| INCIDENCE OF POST–TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND-GUIDED PROSTATE BIOPSY INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS, INCLUDING UROSEPSIS | 451 | ||
| ORIGINAL DATA SUPPORTING PRE–TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND-GUIDED PROSTATE BIOPSY RECTAL SWAB | 452 | ||
| Rectal Swab Technique and Protocol | 453 | ||
| RECTAL SWAB AND POST–TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND-GUIDED PROSTATE BIOPSY INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS | 453 | ||
| SUMMARY | 456 | ||
| REFERENCES | 457 | ||
| Treatment of the Infected Stone | 459 | ||
| Key points | 459 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 459 | ||
| Infection Stones | 459 | ||
| Obstructive Pyelonephritis | 460 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 461 | ||
| Infection Stones | 461 | ||
| Obstructive Pyelonephritis | 462 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 463 | ||
| Infection Stones | 463 | ||
| Treatment of Fungal Urinary Tract Infection | 473 | ||
| Key points | 473 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 473 | ||
| CANDIDURIA | 473 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 473 | ||
| Initial Evaluation | 474 | ||
| Further Evaluation | 474 | ||
| Antimicrobial Treatment | 475 | ||
| Nonantimicrobial Treatment | 478 | ||
| Special Situations | 478 | ||
| NON-CANDIDA FUNGAL URINARY TRACT DISEASE | 480 | ||
| Aspergillosis | 480 | ||
| Cryptococcus | 480 | ||
| Blastomycosis | 480 | ||
| Mucormycosis | 480 | ||
| Coccidiomycosis | 480 | ||
| Histoplasmosis | 480 | ||
| TREATMENT RESISTANCE/COMPLICATIONS | 480 | ||
| Fluconazole Resistance | 480 | ||
| Treatment in Cases of Renal Failure | 480 | ||
| Toxicities | 481 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 481 | ||
| Evaluation of Outcomes | 481 | ||
| Summary/Discussion | 481 | ||
| REFERENCES | 482 | ||
| Current Concepts in Infections Associated with Penile Prostheses and Artificial Sphincters | 485 | ||
| Key points | 485 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 485 | ||
| INFECTIONS OF PENILE PROSTHESES | 485 | ||
| Superficial Skin Infections Versus Prosthesis Infections | 485 | ||
| Acute and Chronic Penile Implant Infections | 486 | ||
| Treatment of Infections Associated with Prostheses | 486 | ||
| Salvage Reimplantation | 487 | ||
| The Effect of Antibacterial Coatings | 488 | ||
| Preventing Penile-Prosthesis-Associated Infection | 488 | ||
| Preoperative antibiotics | 489 | ||
| Patient preparation | 489 | ||
| Intraoperative measures to decrease penile-prosthesis-associated infections | 489 | ||
| ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTERS | 489 | ||
| Infections and Erosions Due to Artificial Urinary Sphincters | 489 | ||
| Microorganisms Involved in Infections Associated with Artificial Urinary Sphincters | 490 | ||
| The Approach to a Sphincter-Associated Infection or Erosion | 490 | ||
| Guide to Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation | 490 | ||
| OVERALL SUMMARY | 491 | ||
| REFERENCES | 491 | ||
| Epidemiology and Management of Emerging Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria | 493 | ||
| Key points | 493 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 493 | ||
| EXTENDED-SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASE–CONTAINING BACTERIA | 494 | ||
| Definition and Types | 494 | ||
| Epidemiology and Risk Factors | 494 | ||
| Infections and Treatment | 495 | ||
| Outcomes | 495 | ||
| CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AND KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE CARBAPENEMASE–PRODUCING ORGANISMS | 495 | ||
| Definition and Types | 495 | ||
| Epidemiology and Risk Factors | 496 | ||
| Infections and Treatment | 496 | ||
| Outcomes | 496 | ||
| New Delhi Metallo–β-Lactamase | 497 | ||
| CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII | 497 | ||
| Definition and Types | 497 | ||
| Epidemiology and Risk Factors | 497 | ||
| Infections and Treatments | 497 | ||
| Outcomes | 498 | ||
| MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS | 498 | ||
| Definition and Types | 498 | ||
| Epidemiology and Risk Factors | 498 | ||
| Infections and Treatments | 499 | ||
| Outcomes | 499 | ||
| DRUGS OF LAST RESORT | 499 | ||
| STRATEGIES TO PREVENT RESISTANCE | 499 | ||
| SUMMARY | 503 | ||
| REFERENCES | 503 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Infections | 507 | ||
| Key points | 507 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 507 | ||
| INFECTIONS THAT CAUSE ULCERS | 508 | ||
| Syphilis | 508 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 508 | ||
| Diagnostic testing | 508 | ||
| Treatment | 511 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus | 511 | ||
| Epidemiology | 511 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 511 | ||
| Diagnostic testing | 512 | ||
| Treatment | 512 | ||
| Rare Causes of Genital Ulcer in the United States | 512 | ||
| INFECTIONS THAT CAUSE URETHRITIS, EPIDIDYMITIS, CERVICITIS, AND VAGINAL DISCHARGE | 513 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 513 | ||
| Diagnosis | 513 | ||
| CHLAMYDIA | 513 | ||
| Treatment | 513 | ||
| GONORRHEA | 514 | ||
| Work-up of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection | 519 | ||
| Key points | 519 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 519 | ||
| HISTORY AND PHYSICAL | 519 | ||
| Children Less Than 2 Years of Age | 520 | ||
| Children Aged 2 to 12 Years | 520 | ||
| History | 520 | ||
| Examination | 520 | ||
| Adolescent Children | 520 | ||
| ADOLESCENT GIRLS AND URINARY TRACT INFECTION | 520 | ||
| ADOLESCENT BOYS AND URINARY TRACT INFECTION | 521 | ||
| URINE TESTING | 521 | ||
| URINE SPECIMEN COLLECTION IN NON–TOILET-TRAINED CHILDREN | 521 | ||
| Bag Specimen | 521 | ||
| Urethral Catheterization | 521 | ||
| Suprapubic Aspiration | 521 | ||
| URINE TESTS | 521 | ||
| Dipstick Urinalysis | 521 | ||
| Microscopic Analysis | 522 | ||
| Urine Culture | 522 | ||
| Serum Tests | 522 | ||
| IMAGING | 522 | ||
| Renal Bladder Ultrasonography | 522 | ||
| Voiding Cystourethrogram | 522 | ||
| Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Scan | 522 | ||
| TREATMENT | 523 | ||
| Treatment Course | 523 | ||
| Oral Antibiotics | 524 | ||
| Parenteral Antibiotics | 524 | ||
| Renal Scarring | 524 | ||
| REFERENCES | 524 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection and Neurogenic Bladder | 527 | ||
| Key points | 527 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 527 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 527 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 528 | ||
| BLADDER DYSFUNCTION | 528 | ||
| URINARY STASIS/INCREASED POSTVOID RESIDUAL | 528 | ||
| CATHETER USE | 528 | ||
| IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION | 530 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 530 | ||
| MONITORING FOR INFECTION | 530 | ||
| TREATMENT | 531 | ||
| PREVENTION | 532 | ||
| Cranberry, d-Mannose, Ascorbic Acid | 532 | ||
| Bacterial Interference/Probiotics | 532 | ||
| Bladder Irrigation | 533 | ||
| Onabotulinum Toxin A | 533 | ||
| Antibiotic Prophylaxis | 533 | ||
| SUMMARY | 534 | ||
| REFERENCES | 534 | ||
| Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Noncatheterized Adults | 537 | ||
| Key points | 537 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 537 | ||
| Definition of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Infectious Diseases Society of America Recommendations | 537 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA | 538 | ||
| ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN DIABETIC PATIENTS | 539 | ||
| THE BASIC SCIENCE OF ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA | 540 | ||
| Fimbriae | 540 | ||
| Lipopolysaccharides | 540 | ||
| Toxins | 540 | ||
| Host Factors | 540 | ||
| Growth Factors | 541 | ||
| Use as Biotherapeutics | 541 | ||
| TRANSLATIONAL BARRIERS TO THE APPLICATION OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY OF AMERICA RECOMMENDATIONS | 541 | ||
| SUMMARY | 542 | ||
| REFERENCES | 542 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection and Bacteriuria in Pregnancy | 547 | ||
| Key points | 547 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 547 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 548 | ||
| URINARY TRACT CHANGES IN PREGNANCY | 548 | ||
| ANTIMICROBIALS IN PREGNANCY | 548 | ||
| Choice of Treatment | 548 | ||
| Antimicrobial Resistance | 550 | ||
| Penicillins | 550 | ||
| Cephalosporins | 550 | ||
| Monobactams | 550 | ||
| Carbapenems | 551 | ||
| Clindamycin | 551 | ||
| Macrolides | 551 | ||
| Nitrofurantoin | 551 | ||
| Fosfomycin | 551 | ||
| Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim | 551 | ||
| Aminoglycosides | 552 | ||
| Quinolones | 552 | ||
| Tetracyclines | 552 | ||
| Vancomycin | 552 | ||
| Linezolid, Daptomycin, and Newer Antimicrobials | 552 | ||
| ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN PREGNANCY | 552 | ||
| Definition | 552 | ||
| Epidemiology | 552 | ||
| Significance | 553 | ||
| Screening | 553 | ||
| Treatment | 554 | ||
| Follow-up and Prevention | 554 | ||
| LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (CYSTITIS) | 554 | ||
| UPPER URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (PYELONEPHRITIS) | 554 | ||
| Epidemiology | 554 | ||
| Significance | 554 | ||
| Diagnosis | 554 | ||
| Treatment | 555 | ||
| SUMMARY | 555 | ||
| REFERENCES | 555 | ||
| Bacteruria and Urinary Tract Infections in the Elderly | 561 | ||
| Key points | 561 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 561 | ||
| PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW | 561 | ||
| DEFINITIONS OF ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA | 562 | ||
| DEFINITIONS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION | 562 | ||
| CHALLENGES AND CONTROVERSY IN DIAGNOSIS | 562 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 562 | ||
| Asymptomatic Bacteriuria | 562 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection | 563 | ||
| MICROBIOLOGY | 563 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 563 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 564 | ||
| TREATMENT | 564 | ||
| Asymptomatic Bacteriuria | 564 | ||
| Community-dwelling Adults | 564 | ||
| Institutionalized Adults | 565 | ||
| Chronic Catheterization | 565 | ||
| PREVENTION | 565 | ||
| Community-Dwelling and Long-Term Care Facility Residents | 565 | ||
| Indwelling Catheters | 566 | ||
| SUMMARY | 566 | ||
| REFERENCES | 566 | ||
| Index | 569 |