BOOK
Equine Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, E-Book
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Guest Edited by Drs. Colleen Duncan and Bruce Wobeser, this issue focuses on Equine Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics. Articles include: Field Necropsy of the horse, Skin disease, Enteric diseases, Neurologic diseases, Musculoskeletal diseases, Reproductive disorders, Toxicology, Diseases of the urinary system, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Equine Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Veterinary Clinics Of North America: Equine Practice\r | x | ||
| Preface\r | xi | ||
| Field Necropsy of the Horse | 233 | ||
| Key points | 233 | ||
| Introduction | 233 | ||
| Field Versus Laboratory Examination | 233 | ||
| Safety Considerations | 234 | ||
| Equipment | 234 | ||
| Disposal of Carcasses | 235 | ||
| Necropsy procedure | 235 | ||
| Positioning and Opening of the Carcass | 237 | ||
| System-specific examination | 239 | ||
| The Pluck (Cardiopulmonary and Thyroids) | 239 | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 241 | ||
| Urogenital | 242 | ||
| Hepatic | 242 | ||
| Musculoskeletal System | 244 | ||
| Brain Removal | 244 | ||
| Summary | 244 | ||
| References | 245 | ||
| Overview of Clinical Pathology and the Horse | 247 | ||
| Key points | 247 | ||
| Quality assurance | 247 | ||
| Hematology | 248 | ||
| The Erythron | 249 | ||
| The Leukon | 250 | ||
| Neutrophil responses | 250 | ||
| Lymphoid responses | 251 | ||
| Monocyte responses | 252 | ||
| Eosinophil responses | 252 | ||
| Basophil responses | 252 | ||
| Platelets | 252 | ||
| Fluid evaluation | 252 | ||
| Biochemical changes | 253 | ||
| Enteric Diseases | 255 | ||
| Abdominal pain evaluation | 255 | ||
| Infectious enteric disease | 257 | ||
| Malabsorptive enteric disease | 257 | ||
| Post operative enteric considerations | 258 | ||
| Liver Disease | 258 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Disease | 261 | ||
| Diseases of the Urinary System | 261 | ||
| Neurologic Disease | 262 | ||
| Respiratory Disease | 262 | ||
| Metabolic Diseases | 263 | ||
| References | 264 | ||
| Toxicology for the Equine Practitioner | 269 | ||
| Key points | 269 | ||
| Introduction | 269 | ||
| Toxins affecting the nervous system | 270 | ||
| Equine Nigropallidal Encephalomalacia | 270 | ||
| Equine Leukoencephalomalacia | 270 | ||
| Toxins affecting the liver and biliary system | 271 | ||
| Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicosis | 271 | ||
| Toxins affecting the urinary system | 272 | ||
| Red Maple Toxicosis | 272 | ||
| Sorghum Toxicosis | 273 | ||
| Toxins affecting the cardiovascular system | 273 | ||
| Ionophore Toxicosis | 274 | ||
| White Snake Root (Eupatorium rugosum) | 274 | ||
| Toxins affecting the gastrointestinal system | 275 | ||
| Bister Beetle (Cantharidin) Toxicosis | 275 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs | 275 | ||
| References | 276 | ||
| Neurologic Diseases in Horses | 281 | ||
| Key points | 281 | ||
| Introduction | 281 | ||
| Removal of the Brain and Spinal Cord | 282 | ||
| Gross examination of the central nervous system | 285 | ||
| Diseases by neuroanatomic location | 287 | ||
| Diseases of the Brain | 287 | ||
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 287 | ||
| Leukoencephalomalacia | 288 | ||
| Nigropallidal encephalomalacia | 289 | ||
| Diseases of the Brainstem and Spinal Cord | 291 | ||
| Arboviral encephalomyelitides | 291 | ||
| Rabies | 292 | ||
| Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis | 294 | ||
| Diseases of the Spinal Cord | 295 | ||
| Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy | 295 | ||
| Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy and equine motor neuron disease | 296 | ||
| Equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy | 297 | ||
| Diseases of Ganglia and Nerves | 298 | ||
| Polyneuritis equi | 298 | ||
| Dysautonomia | 300 | ||
| Laryngeal hemiplegia | 301 | ||
| Stringhalt | 302 | ||
| Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction | 303 | ||
| Botulism and tetanus | 303 | ||
| Summary | 304 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 304 | ||
| References | 304 | ||
| Respiratory Disease | 307 | ||
| Key points | 307 | ||
| Introduction | 307 | ||
| Clinical evaluation of the respiratory system | 308 | ||
| Ancillary diagnostic tests to evaluate the respiratory system | 309 | ||
| Evaluation of the Upper Respiratory Tract | 309 | ||
| Upper airway endoscopy at rest | 309 | ||
| Upper airway endoscopy during exercise | 310 | ||
| Sampling of the upper airways for pathogen testing | 311 | ||
| Viral isolation | 311 | ||
| Antigen detection | 312 | ||
| Antibody detection | 312 | ||
| Polymerase chain reaction | 312 | ||
| Bacterial testing | 313 | ||
| Evaluation of the Lower Respiratory Tract | 314 | ||
| Thoracic ultrasonography | 314 | ||
| Bronchoscopy and sampling of the lower respiratory tract | 314 | ||
| Tracheal aspiration | 315 | ||
| Bronchoalveolar lavage | 317 | ||
| Interpretation of tracheal aspirate cytology | 319 | ||
| Interpretation of bronchoalveolar lavage cytology | 319 | ||
| Pathogen testing in tracheal aspirate/bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples | 322 | ||
| Thoracocentesis | 322 | ||
| Thoracic radiography | 322 | ||
| Lung biopsy | 323 | ||
| Summary | 324 | ||
| References | 324 | ||
| Appendix | 326 | ||
| Gastritis, Enteritis, and Colitis in Horses | 337 | ||
| Key points | 337 | ||
| Introduction | 337 | ||
| Gastritis | 341 | ||
| Gastric Ulceration | 341 | ||
| Parasitic Gastritis | 341 | ||
| Gasterophilus spp | 341 | ||
| Draschia megastoma, Habronema majus, and Habronema muscae | 343 | ||
| Enteritis and colitis | 343 | ||
| Infectious Diseases | 343 | ||
| Bacterial disease | 343 | ||
| Clostridium perfringens type C | 344 | ||
| Clostridium difficile | 346 | ||
| Clostridium piliforme | 347 | ||
| Salmonella spp | 348 | ||
| Rhodococcus equi | 349 | ||
| Ehrlichia risticii | 350 | ||
| Lawsonia intracellularis | 350 | ||
| Escherichia coli | 350 | ||
| Other bacterial agents of enteric disease in horses | 350 | ||
| Viral Diseases | 350 | ||
| Rotavirus | 350 | ||
| Coronavirus | 351 | ||
| Parasitic Diseases | 351 | ||
| Protozoa | 351 | ||
| Cryptosporidiosis | 351 | ||
| Ciliated protozoa | 352 | ||
| Nematodes | 352 | ||
| Strongyloides | 352 | ||
| Large strongyles | 352 | ||
| Small strongyles (cyathostomes) | 352 | ||
| Noninfectious or Parasitic Conditions | 353 | ||
| Intestinal displacements | 353 | ||
| Toxic enteric disease | 353 | ||
| Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs | 353 | ||
| Other toxic causes of enteric disease | 354 | ||
| References | 354 | ||
| Skin Diseases in Horses | 359 | ||
| Key points | 359 | ||
| Introduction | 359 | ||
| Useful diagnostic techniques | 359 | ||
| Skin Scrapings | 359 | ||
| Acetate Tape Impressions | 359 | ||
| Hair Plucking | 360 | ||
| Fine-Needle Aspiration | 360 | ||
| Biopsy | 360 | ||
| Nodular skin diseases | 360 | ||
| Equine Sarcoids | 361 | ||
| Microbiology | 361 | ||
| Epidemiology | 361 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 361 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 362 | ||
| Specimen collection | 362 | ||
| Diagnosis | 362 | ||
| Treatment | 362 | ||
| Differential diagnoses | 362 | ||
| Eosinophilic Granulomas | 363 | ||
| Diseases of the Equine Urinary System | 377 | ||
| Key points | 377 | ||
| Introduction | 377 | ||
| Upper urinary tract diseases | 378 | ||
| Glomerular Diseases | 378 | ||
| Tubulointerstitial Diseases | 379 | ||
| Renal Pelvis | 381 | ||
| Other | 382 | ||
| Lower urinary tract diseases | 382 | ||
| Summary | 383 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 383 | ||
| References | 383 | ||
| Reproductive Disorders in Horses | 389 | ||
| Key points | 389 | ||
| Introduction | 389 | ||
| Reproductive disorders of the female abortion and stillbirth | 390 | ||
| Equine Arteritis Virus | 390 | ||
| Equine Herpesvirus 1 | 390 | ||
| Nocardioform | 391 | ||
| Leptospira | 391 | ||
| Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents | 391 | ||
| Miscellaneous Protozoa and Fungi | 391 | ||
| Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome | 392 | ||
| General Considerations | 392 | ||
| Endometrial and uterine pathology | 392 | ||
| Endometrium | 392 | ||
| Other Uterine Pathology | 394 | ||
| Contagious Equine Metritis | 394 | ||
| Selected pathology of the ovary and oviduct | 395 | ||
| Selected pathology of cervix, vagina, and vulva | 395 | ||
| Female reproductive tract neoplasia | 396 | ||
| Reproductive disorders of the male | 398 | ||
| Pathology of Scrotum and Tunica Vaginalis | 398 | ||
| Pathology of the Testicle, Epididymis, and Spermatic Cord | 398 | ||
| Selected Pathology of Accessory Sex Glands | 399 | ||
| Pathology of Penis and Prepuce | 400 | ||
| Male Reproductive Tract Neoplasia | 400 | ||
| References | 403 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Pathology | 407 | ||
| Key points | 407 | ||
| Developmental musculoskeletal pathology | 407 | ||
| Epidemiology | 408 | ||
| Juvenile osteochondral conditions | 408 | ||
| Conformational deformities | 408 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 408 | ||
| Osteochondrosis | 408 | ||
| Physitis | 409 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 409 | ||
| Diagnosis | 409 | ||
| Treatment | 411 | ||
| Ocular Pathology | 425 | ||
| Key points | 425 | ||
| Introduction | 425 | ||
| Diseases of the equine orbit | 426 | ||
| Orbital Cellulitis | 426 | ||
| Epidemiology | 426 | ||
| Index | 449 |