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Book Details
Abstract
Dr. Phyllis Zee has put together an expert panel of authors on the topic of the Science of Circadian Rhythms. Articles include: Neurobiology of Circadian Rhythm Regulation, Effect of Light and Melatonin and other Melatonin Receptor Agonists on Human Circadian Physiology, Consequences of Circadian Disruption on Cardiometabolic Health, Consequences Circadian Disruption on Neurologic and Psychiatric Health, Aging and Circadian Rhythms, Circadian and Homeostatic Regulation of Sleep and Performance, Circadian disruption in Psychiatric Disorders, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Science of Circadian Rhythms\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | iii | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | iii | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | iii | ||
| ACCREDITATION | iii | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | iii | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | iii | ||
| TO ENROLL | iv | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | iv | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | iv | ||
| SLEEP MEDICINE CLINICS\r | v | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | v | ||
| March 2016 | v | ||
| June 2016 | v | ||
| September 2016 | v | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | v | ||
| September 2015 | v | ||
| June 2015 | v | ||
| March 2015 | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | vii | ||
| EDITOR | vii | ||
| AUTHORS | vii | ||
| Contents | ix | ||
| Preface: Circadian Clocks: Implication for Health and Disease\r | ix | ||
| Neurobiology of Circadian Rhythm Regulation\r | ix | ||
| Genetics of Circadian Rhythms\r | ix | ||
| Aging and Circadian Rhythms\r | ix | ||
| Effect of Light and Melatonin and Other Melatonin Receptor Agonists on Human Circadian Physiology\r | ix | ||
| Consequences of Circadian Disruption on Cardiometabolic Health\r | x | ||
| Consequences of Circadian Disruption on Neurologic Health\r | x | ||
| Circadian Disruption in Psychiatric Disorders\r | x | ||
| Non–24-Hour Sleep–Wake Rhythm Disorder in Sighted and Blind Patients\r | x | ||
| Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder\r | xi | ||
| Jet Lag and Shift Work Disorder\r | xi | ||
| Preface: Circadian Clocks: Implication for Health and Disease \r | xiii | ||
| Neurobiology of Circadian Rhythm Regulation | 403 | ||
| Key points | 403 | ||
| IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS CIRCADIAN PACEMAKER | 403 | ||
| SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS: A NETWORK OF CLOCK CELLS | 403 | ||
| MOLECULAR BASIS OF THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS CIRCADIAN PACEMAKER | 404 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS | 404 | ||
| LIGHT INPUT TO THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS: THE RETINOHYPOTHALAMIC TRACT | 405 | ||
| OTHER FUNCTIONAL INPUTS TO THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS | 406 | ||
| SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS OUTPUT PATHWAYS | 407 | ||
| MULTIOSCILLATOR NATURE OF THE CIRCADIAN SYSTEM | 407 | ||
| THE CIRCADIAN TIMING SYSTEM IN HEALTH AND DISEASE | 408 | ||
| SUMMARY | 409 | ||
| REFERENCES | 409 | ||
| Genetics of Circadian Rhythms | 413 | ||
| Key points | 413 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 413 | ||
| THE MOLECULAR CLOCK | 413 | ||
| The Drosophila Molecular Clock | 414 | ||
| The Mammalian Molecular Clock | 414 | ||
| Posttranslational Modifications | 415 | ||
| MOLECULAR CLOCKS DRIVE PHYSIOLOGIC OUTPUT IN MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS | 415 | ||
| Neural Circadian Networks | 415 | ||
| Peripheral Tissues | 416 | ||
| ENTRAINMENT OF THE CLOCK | 416 | ||
| Light Entrainment | 416 | ||
| Food | 416 | ||
| DYSREGULATION OF CLOCK AND DISEASE STATES | 417 | ||
| Sleep | 417 | ||
| Metabolism | 417 | ||
| Cancer | 418 | ||
| Immune | 418 | ||
| Treatments | 419 | ||
| REFERENCES | 419 | ||
| Aging and Circadian Rhythms | 423 | ||
| Key points | 423 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 423 | ||
| Earlier Sleep Timing and Reduced Sleep Consolidation with Age | 423 | ||
| Circadian Timing System Regulates Sleep Timing and Consolidation | 423 | ||
| Methods for Assessing Human Circadian Rhythms | 424 | ||
| EVIDENCE FOR CIRCADIAN CHANGES IN AGING IN HUMANS | 425 | ||
| Circadian Phase | 425 | ||
| Phase of Entrainment | 425 | ||
| Circadian Amplitude | 426 | ||
| Circadian-Sleep Interaction | 426 | ||
| Circadian Period | 426 | ||
| Response to Light | 427 | ||
| Light Transmission | 427 | ||
| Suprachiasmatic Nucleus | 428 | ||
| Clock Gene Expression | 428 | ||
| Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders | 428 | ||
| SUMMARY | 428 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 428 | ||
| REFERENCES | 428 | ||
| Effect of Light and Melatonin and Other Melatonin Receptor Agonists on Human Circadian Physiology | 435 | ||
| Key points | 435 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 435 | ||
| THE CENTRAL CIRCADIAN SYSTEM | 436 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS | 437 | ||
| USING LIGHT TO SHIFT CIRCADIAN TIMING | 440 | ||
| Timing of Light | 440 | ||
| Intensity of Light | 442 | ||
| Duration of Light | 442 | ||
| Color and Wavelength of Light | 442 | ||
| PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF LIGHT TREATMENT | 443 | ||
| Light Outdoors | 443 | ||
| Light Boxes | 443 | ||
| Dawn Simulators and Light Masks | 443 | ||
| Light Visors and Light Glasses | 444 | ||
| Light Avoidance | 446 | ||
| Light/Dark Scheduling | 446 | ||
| USING MELATONIN AND OTHER MELATONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS TO SHIFT CIRCADIAN TIMING | 446 | ||
| Timing of Melatonin | 446 | ||
| Dose of Melatonin | 447 | ||
| Formulation and Melatonin Agonists | 447 | ||
| PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF MELATONIN AND OTHER MELATONIN AGONIST TREATMENT | 447 | ||
| Melatonin Preparations | 447 | ||
| Melatonin Administration | 448 | ||
| Melatonin and Light Combination Treatment | 448 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME | 448 | ||
| SUMMARY | 449 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 449 | ||
| REFERENCES | 449 | ||
| Consequences of Circadian Disruption on Cardiometabolic Health | 455 | ||
| Key points | 455 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 455 | ||
| OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES OF SHIFT WORK | 455 | ||
| EXPERIMENTAL CIRCADIAN DISRUPTION | 456 | ||
| OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES OF MILDER CIRCADIAN DISRUPTION | 457 | ||
| POTENTIAL MEDIATORS LINKING EVENING CHRONOTYPE OR SHIFT WORK AND CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASE | 460 | ||
| Sleep | 460 | ||
| Meal Timing | 461 | ||
| Light at Night | 464 | ||
| SUMMARY | 464 | ||
| REFERENCES | 465 | ||
| Consequences of Circadian Disruption on Neurologic Health | 469 | ||
| Key points | 469 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 469 | ||
| CIRCADIAN DISRUPTION IN CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE | 469 | ||
| Circadian Cardiovascular Rhythms | 470 | ||
| Circadian Variation in Stroke Onset | 470 | ||
| Clock Genes and Cardiovascular Function | 470 | ||
| CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN AGING AND NEURODEGENERATION | 471 | ||
| CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN PARKINSON DISEASE | 471 | ||
| Diurnal Rhythms of Clinical Features in Parkinson Disease | 471 | ||
| Markers of Circadian System in Parkinson Disease | 472 | ||
| CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN HUNTINGTON DISEASE | 473 | ||
| Markers of Circadian System in Huntington Disease | 474 | ||
| Circadian Homeostasis in Animal Models of Huntington disease | 474 | ||
| CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE | 474 | ||
| Circadian Disruption in Alzheimer Disease: Pathophysiology | 474 | ||
| Markers of Circadian System in Alzheimer Disease | 475 | ||
| Sleep and Circadian Function–Alzheimer Disease: Bidirectional Relationship? | 475 | ||
| SUMMARY | 475 | ||
| REFERENCES | 475 | ||
| Circadian Disruption in Psychiatric Disorders | 481 | ||
| Key points | 481 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 481 | ||
| CIRCADIAN SYSTEM: A BRIEF OVERVIEW | 481 | ||
| Molecular Mechanisms of Clock Function | 482 | ||
| Inputs and Outputs | 483 | ||
| EVIDENCE OF CIRCADIAN DISORDER: EVIDENCE FROM THE CLINICAL PHENOTYPE | 483 | ||
| Sleep and Endocrine Regulation | 484 | ||
| Major depression | 484 | ||
| Bipolar disorder | 484 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 485 | ||
| Evidence from the Phenotype: Gene Expression Analyses in Brain and Peripheral Tissues | 486 | ||
| Evidence from Treatment | 486 | ||
| Genetic Contribution to Psychiatric Illness | 488 | ||
| Genetics of complex disorders | 488 | ||
| Genetic evidence from genome-wide association, linkage, and candidate gene analyses | 488 | ||
| SUMMARY | 489 | ||
| REFERENCES | 490 | ||
| Non–24-Hour Sleep–Wake Rhythm Disorder in Sighted and Blind Patients | 495 | ||
| Key points | 495 | ||
| NON–24-HOUR SLEEP–WAKE RHYTHM DISORDER (FREE-RUNNING DISORDER, NONENTRAINED DISORDER, HYPERNYCHTHEMERAL SYNDROME) | 495 | ||
| CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NON–24-HOUR SLEEP–WAKE RHYTHM DISORDER IN SIGHTED PATIENTS | 496 | ||
| Clinical Features | 496 | ||
| Sleep Features | 496 | ||
| Circadian Rhythm Features | 500 | ||
| Psychiatric Features | 500 | ||
| CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NON–24-HOUR SLEEP–WAKE RHYTHM DISORDER IN BLIND PATIENTS | 500 | ||
| Clinical Features | 501 | ||
| Sleep Features | 501 | ||
| Circadian Rhythm Features | 503 | ||
| Psychiatric Features | 503 | ||
| BIOLOGICAL BASIS AND PATHOGENESIS OF NON–24-HOUR SLEEP–WAKE RHYTHM DISORDER | 504 | ||
| Phase Angle Difference Between the Circadian Pacemaker and Sleep–Wake Cycle | 504 | ||
| Decreased Circadian Phase Resetting Response to Light | 505 | ||
| Longer Endogenous Circadian Period | 505 | ||
| TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR NON–24-HOUR SLEEP–WAKE RHYTHM DISORDER | 507 | ||
| Light Therapy | 507 | ||
| Melatonin Treatment | 509 | ||
| Melatonin Agonist Treatment | 511 | ||
| Other Compounds | 512 | ||
| SUMMARY | 512 | ||
| DISCLOSURE STATEMENT | 512 | ||
| REFERENCES | 512 | ||
| Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder | 517 | ||
| Key points | 517 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM | 517 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS AND OUTCOMES | 519 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND CONCERNS | 521 | ||
| SUMMARY | 521 | ||
| REFERENCES | 521 | ||
| Jet Lag and Shift Work Disorder | 523 | ||
| Key points | 523 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 523 | ||
| GENERAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES | 524 | ||
| JET LAG DISORDER | 524 | ||
| Traveling East | 525 | ||
| Traveling West | 526 | ||
| Other Treatment Considerations for Jet Lag Disorder | 526 | ||
| SHIFT WORK DISORDER | 527 | ||
| Sleep Hygiene | 529 | ||
| Circadian Realignment | 529 | ||
| Bright Light | 530 | ||
| Melatonin Administration | 530 | ||
| Compromise Phase Position | 530 | ||
| Caffeine and Napping | 530 | ||
| Hypnotics | 530 | ||
| Modafinil and Armodafinil | 530 | ||
| CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING BRIGHT LIGHT OR EXOGENOUS MELATONIN | 531 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 531 | ||
| REFERENCES | 532 |