BOOK
Primary Care Dermatology, An Issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, Guest Edited by George G.A. Pujalte, MD, is devoted to Primary Care Dermatology. Dr. Pujalte has assembled a group of expert authors to review the following topics: Urticaria and allergy-mediated conditions; Dermatologic manifestations of systemic diseases; Viral skin infections; Fungal skin infections; Bacterial skin infections; Parasitic skin infections; Pressure and friction injuries to the skin; Sunburn, thermal, and chemical injuries to the skin; Acne; Alopecia; Nail deformities and injuries; and Skin cancer.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Primary Care Dermatology\r | i | ||
Copyright\r | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
EDITOR | iii | ||
AUTHORS | iii | ||
Contents | vii | ||
Foreword: Pattern Recognition\r | vii | ||
Preface: Beyond Superficial: Primary Care Dermatology\r | vii | ||
Evaluation and Management of Acne\r | vii | ||
Urticaria and Allergy-Mediated Conditions\r | vii | ||
Bacterial Skin Infections\r | vii | ||
Superficial Fungal Infections\r | vii | ||
Viral Skin Diseases\r | viii | ||
Evaluation and Management of the Hair Loss Patient in the Primary Care Setting\r | viii | ||
Sunburn, Thermal, and Chemical Injuries to the Skin\r | viii | ||
Dermatologic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases\r | ix | ||
Pressure and Friction Injuries in Primary Care\r | ix | ||
Skin Cancer\r | ix | ||
Parasitic Skin Infections for Primary Care Physicians\r | ix | ||
Nail Deformities and Injuries\r | ix | ||
PRIMARY CARE:\rCLINICS IN OFFICE PRACTICE\r | xi | ||
FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
March 2016 | xi | ||
June 2016 | xi | ||
September 2016 | xi | ||
RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
September 2015 | xi | ||
June 2015 | xi | ||
March 2015 | xi | ||
Foreword: Pattern Recognition \r | xiii | ||
REFERENCES | xiv | ||
Preface: Beyond Superficial: Primary Care Dermatology \r | xv | ||
Evaluation and Management of Acne | 465 | ||
Key points | 465 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 465 | ||
EPIDEMIOLOGY | 465 | ||
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 466 | ||
DIAGNOSIS | 466 | ||
TREATMENT | 468 | ||
MANAGEMENT OF ACNE | 468 | ||
TOPICAL RETINOIDS | 468 | ||
TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIALS | 469 | ||
ORAL ANTIBIOTICS | 469 | ||
HORMONAL THERAPY AND ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | 470 | ||
ORAL RETINOIDS | 470 | ||
TREATMENT OF ACNE MECHANICA (SPORTS-INDUCED ACNE) | 470 | ||
SUMMARY | 470 | ||
REFERENCES | 470 | ||
Urticaria and Allergy-Mediated Conditions | 473 | ||
Key points | 473 | ||
DESCRIPTION | 473 | ||
EPIDEMIOLOGY | 475 | ||
Incidence | 475 | ||
Prevalence | 475 | ||
DIAGNOSIS | 475 | ||
Causes | 476 | ||
Treatment | 477 | ||
ANGIOEDEMA | 478 | ||
Description | 478 | ||
Epidemiology | 478 | ||
Pathogenesis and Causes | 478 | ||
Diagnosis | 478 | ||
Treatment | 478 | ||
DERMATITIS | 479 | ||
Description | 479 | ||
Epidemiology | 479 | ||
Diagnosis | 479 | ||
Causes | 480 | ||
Treatment | 480 | ||
ECZEMA/ATOPIC DERMATITIS | 481 | ||
Description | 481 | ||
Epidemiology | 481 | ||
Diagnosis | 481 | ||
Treatment | 481 | ||
REFERENCES | 483 | ||
Bacterial Skin Infections | 485 | ||
Key points | 485 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 485 | ||
IMPETIGO | 486 | ||
Evaluation and Work-Up | 486 | ||
Management Strategies | 487 | ||
Pharmacologic Strategies | 487 | ||
Follow-Up Care | 488 | ||
ERYSIPELAS | 488 | ||
Management Strategies | 489 | ||
Pharmacologic Strategies | 489 | ||
Follow-Up Care | 489 | ||
CELLULITIS | 490 | ||
Microbiology | 490 | ||
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Versus Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus | 490 | ||
Evaluation/Work-Up | 491 | ||
Patient history | 491 | ||
Physical examination | 492 | ||
Imaging and additional testing | 492 | ||
Management Strategies | 493 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 493 | ||
Pharmacologic Strategies: Nonpurulent | 493 | ||
Pharamacolic Strateges: Purulent | 495 | ||
Nonpharmacologic Strategies | 495 | ||
Self-Management Strategies | 496 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 496 | ||
ABSCESSES | 496 | ||
Evaluation/Work-Up | 496 | ||
Patient history | 496 | ||
Physical examination | 496 | ||
Imaging and additional testing | 497 | ||
Management Strategies | 497 | ||
Pharmacologic Strategies | 497 | ||
Nonpharmacologic Strategies | 497 | ||
Self-Management Strategies | 497 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 497 | ||
SUMMARY | 498 | ||
REFERENCES | 498 | ||
Superficial Fungal Infections | 501 | ||
Key points | 501 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 501 | ||
Transmission | 502 | ||
Classification | 502 | ||
Diagnosis | 502 | ||
TINEA PEDIS | 502 | ||
Pitted Keratolysis | 504 | ||
TINEA CRURIS | 504 | ||
TINEA CORPORIS | 505 | ||
Deep Inflammatory Lesions | 505 | ||
TINEA OF THE HAND | 506 | ||
Tinea Incognito | 507 | ||
TINEA OF THE SCALP | 507 | ||
Trichophyton tonsurans | 508 | ||
TINEA OF THE BEARD | 509 | ||
TINEA VERSICOLOR | 510 | ||
CANDIDIASIS | 511 | ||
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis | 512 | ||
Genital Candidiasis | 513 | ||
Candida Balanitis | 513 | ||
SUMMARY | 514 | ||
REFERENCES | 514 | ||
Viral Skin Diseases | 517 | ||
Key points | 517 | ||
MEASLES (RUBEOLA) | 517 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 518 | ||
Management Goals | 518 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 518 | ||
Nonpharmacologic strategies | 518 | ||
Pharmacologic strategies | 518 | ||
Self-Management Strategies | 518 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 518 | ||
Complications | 518 | ||
Recurrence | 518 | ||
EVALUATION/WORKUP | 518 | ||
Patient History | 518 | ||
Physical Examination | 519 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 520 | ||
RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) | 520 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 520 | ||
Management Goals | 520 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 521 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 521 | ||
Complications | 521 | ||
Recurrence | 521 | ||
Prevention | 521 | ||
EVALUATION/WORKUP | 521 | ||
Patient History | 521 | ||
Physical Examination | 521 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 522 | ||
ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM (FIFTH DISEASE) | 523 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 523 | ||
Management Goals | 523 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 523 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 524 | ||
Complications | 524 | ||
Recurrence | 524 | ||
EVALUATION/WORKUP | 524 | ||
Patient History | 524 | ||
Physical Examination | 524 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 524 | ||
ROSEOLA INFANTUM (SIXTH DISEASE OR ERYTHEMA SUBITUM) | 526 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 526 | ||
Management Goals | 526 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 526 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 526 | ||
Complications | 526 | ||
Recurrence | 526 | ||
EVALUATION AND WORKUP | 526 | ||
Patient History | 526 | ||
Physical Examination | 526 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 528 | ||
HERPES SIMPLEX | 528 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 529 | ||
Management Goals | 529 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 529 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 529 | ||
Complications | 529 | ||
Recurrence | 530 | ||
EVALUATION/WORKUP | 531 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 533 | ||
VARICELLA (CHICKENPOX) | 534 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 534 | ||
Management Goals | 534 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 534 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 535 | ||
Complications | 535 | ||
Recurrence | 535 | ||
Prevention | 535 | ||
EVALUATION/WORKUP | 535 | ||
Patient History | 535 | ||
Physical Examination | 535 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 536 | ||
HERPES ZOSTER (SHINGLES) | 536 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 536 | ||
Management Goals | 536 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 537 | ||
Nonpharmacologic treatment | 537 | ||
Pharmacologic treatment | 537 | ||
Self-Management Strategies | 537 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 537 | ||
Recurrence | 537 | ||
EVALUATION/WORKUP | 537 | ||
Patient History | 537 | ||
Physical Examination | 539 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 540 | ||
KAPOSI SARCOMA–ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS | 540 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 541 | ||
Management Goals | 541 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 542 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 542 | ||
Evaluation for other HHV-8-associated diseases | 542 | ||
Complications associated with human herpesvirus-8 and Kaposi sarcoma treatment | 542 | ||
Evaluation/Workup | 543 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 544 | ||
WARTS (VERRUCA) | 545 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 545 | ||
Management Goals | 545 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 545 | ||
Self-Management Strategies | 545 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 545 | ||
Complications | 545 | ||
Recurrence | 546 | ||
Prevention | 547 | ||
EVALUATION AND WORKUP | 548 | ||
Patient History and Physical Examination | 548 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 549 | ||
HAND, FOOT, AND MOUTH DISEASE | 549 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 550 | ||
Management Goals | 550 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 550 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 550 | ||
Complications | 550 | ||
Recurrence | 550 | ||
EVALUATION/WORKUP | 550 | ||
Patient History | 550 | ||
Physical Examination | 551 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 551 | ||
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM | 552 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 552 | ||
Management Goals | 552 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 552 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 552 | ||
Complications | 552 | ||
Recurrence | 552 | ||
EVALUATION AND WORKUP | 552 | ||
Patient History | 552 | ||
Physical Examination | 553 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 555 | ||
GIANOTTI-CROSTI SYNDROME | 555 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 555 | ||
Management Goals | 555 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 555 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 556 | ||
EVALUATION AND WORKUP | 556 | ||
Patient History | 556 | ||
Physical Examination | 556 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 556 | ||
ORF (CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA) | 557 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 558 | ||
Management Goals | 558 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 558 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 558 | ||
Complication | 558 | ||
Recurrence | 558 | ||
EVALUATION/WORKUP | 558 | ||
Patient History | 558 | ||
Physical Examination | 558 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 559 | ||
MONKEYPOX | 559 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 559 | ||
Management Goals | 559 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 559 | ||
Nonpharmacologic strategies | 559 | ||
Pharmacologic strategies | 559 | ||
Self-Management Strategies | 559 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 560 | ||
Complications | 560 | ||
EVALUATION AND WORKUP | 560 | ||
Patient History | 560 | ||
Physical Examination | 560 | ||
Imaging and Additional Testing | 560 | ||
SMALLPOX | 560 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 561 | ||
Management Goals | 561 | ||
Treatment Strategies | 561 | ||
Evaluation, Adjustment, Recurrence | 561 | ||
EVALUATION AND WORKUP | 561 | ||
Patient History | 561 | ||
Physical Examination | 561 | ||
OTHER VIRAL ILLNESS WITH CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS | 561 | ||
Herpangina | 561 | ||
Infectious Mononucleosis | 562 | ||
Ebola | 563 | ||
Chikungunya Fever | 563 | ||
Dengue Fever | 563 | ||
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever | 564 | ||
Vaccination | 564 | ||
SUMMARY | 566 | ||
REFERENCES | 566 | ||
Evaluation and Management of the Hair Loss Patient in the Primary Care Setting | 569 | ||
Key points | 569 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 569 | ||
CLASSIFICATION OF ALOPECIAS | 570 | ||
Noncicatricial Alopecias | 570 | ||
Androgenetic/pattern alopecia | 570 | ||
Alopecia areata | 572 | ||
Telogen effluvium | 573 | ||
Tinea capitis | 574 | ||
Traction alopecia | 576 | ||
Trichotillomania | 577 | ||
Cicatricial Alopecias | 579 | ||
APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH ALOPECIA | 581 | ||
Diagnosis | 581 | ||
Clinical history | 581 | ||
Physical examination | 583 | ||
The scalp biopsy | 583 | ||
Management | 584 | ||
Laboratory work-up | 584 | ||
Treatment | 584 | ||
When to refer to a dermatologist | 586 | ||
SUMMARY | 586 | ||
REFERENCES | 587 | ||
Sunburn, Thermal, and Chemical Injuries to the Skin | 591 | ||
Key points | 591 | ||
BODY SURFACE AREA | 592 | ||
THERMAL BURNS | 592 | ||
Frostbite | 594 | ||
Chemical Burns | 595 | ||
SUNBURN | 596 | ||
Background | 596 | ||
Cancer Risk | 598 | ||
Melanoma | 598 | ||
Nonmelanoma skin cancer | 598 | ||
Eye Injury | 598 | ||
Prevention | 598 | ||
Sunscreen | 598 | ||
Clothing | 599 | ||
Management of Burns | 599 | ||
ACUTE MANAGEMENT | 600 | ||
SPECIAL CONSIDERATION FOR SPECIFIC BURN SITES | 600 | ||
Facial Burns | 600 | ||
Ocular Burns | 600 | ||
Chemical Burns of the Face and Eye | 601 | ||
Hand Burns | 601 | ||
Immersion Burns | 601 | ||
TREATMENT OF BURNS | 601 | ||
Fluid Resuscitation | 601 | ||
COMPARTMENT SYNDROME AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL BURNS | 602 | ||
TOPICAL AND SYSTEMIC TREATMENTS | 602 | ||
OUTCOMES OF BURN INJURY | 602 | ||
SUMMARY | 603 | ||
REFERENCES | 603 | ||
Dermatologic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases | 607 | ||
Key points | 607 | ||
PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM | 607 | ||
Definition | 607 | ||
Epidemiology | 608 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 608 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 608 | ||
Associated Gastrointestinal Conditions | 608 | ||
Diagnosis | 609 | ||
Treatment | 609 | ||
Prognosis | 609 | ||
ERYTHEMA NODOSUM | 609 | ||
Definition | 609 | ||
Epidemiology | 609 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 609 | ||
Lesions of erythema nodosum | 609 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 610 | ||
Associated Gastrointestinal Conditions | 610 | ||
Diagnosis | 610 | ||
Laboratory evaluation | 610 | ||
Evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease | 610 | ||
Deep incisional or excisional skin biopsy | 610 | ||
Treatment | 611 | ||
Prognosis | 611 | ||
APTHOUS STOMATITIS | 611 | ||
Definition | 611 | ||
Epidemiology | 611 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 611 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 612 | ||
Associated Gastrointestinal Conditions | 612 | ||
Diagnosis | 612 | ||
Treatment | 612 | ||
Prognosis | 612 | ||
DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS | 613 | ||
Definition | 613 | ||
Epidemiology | 613 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 613 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 613 | ||
Associated Gastrointestinal Condition | 613 | ||
Diagnosis | 613 | ||
Treatment | 614 | ||
Prognosis | 614 | ||
LICHEN PLANUS | 614 | ||
Definition | 614 | ||
Epidemiology | 614 | ||
Clinical Features | 614 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 614 | ||
Associated Gastrointestinal Condition | 615 | ||
Diagnosis | 615 | ||
Treatment | 616 | ||
Cutaneous lichen planus | 616 | ||
Oral lichen planus | 616 | ||
Other treatment modalities | 616 | ||
Prognosis | 616 | ||
ACUTE CUTANEOUS LUPUS FROM SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS | 616 | ||
Definition | 616 | ||
Epidemiology | 617 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 617 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 617 | ||
Diagnosis | 617 | ||
Treatment | 618 | ||
Prognosis | 618 | ||
DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOUS | 619 | ||
Definition | 619 | ||
Epidemiology | 619 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 619 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 620 | ||
Diagnosis | 620 | ||
Treatment | 620 | ||
Prognosis | 620 | ||
HELIOTROPE RASH AND GOTTRON PAPULES OF DERMATOMYOSITIS | 620 | ||
Definition | 620 | ||
Epidemiology | 620 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 621 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 621 | ||
Diagnosis | 622 | ||
Treatment | 622 | ||
Prognosis | 623 | ||
SKIN SCLEROSIS AND RAYNAUD PHENOMENON OF SCLERODERMA | 623 | ||
Definition | 623 | ||
Epidemiology | 623 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 623 | ||
CREST SYNDROME | 624 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 625 | ||
Diagnosis | 626 | ||
Treatment | 626 | ||
Prognosis | 626 | ||
MORPHEA | 627 | ||
Definition | 627 | ||
Epidemiology | 627 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 627 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 627 | ||
Diagnosis | 627 | ||
Treatment/Prognosis | 628 | ||
SUMMARY | 628 | ||
REFERENCES | 628 | ||
Pressure and Friction Injuries in Primary Care | 631 | ||
Key points | 631 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 631 | ||
PRESSURE INJURY | 632 | ||
Pressure Ulcer | 632 | ||
History | 632 | ||
Examination | 632 | ||
Treatment | 635 | ||
Prevention | 636 | ||
Special population: athletes | 636 | ||
Talon Noir | 637 | ||
Skin Cancer | 645 | ||
Key points | 645 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 645 | ||
SKIN BIOPSY | 646 | ||
Indication to Biopsy | 646 | ||
Contraindications to Biopsy | 646 | ||
Site Selection | 646 | ||
Types of Skin Biopsy | 646 | ||
Punch Biopsy | 646 | ||
Shave Biopsy | 647 | ||
Excisional Biopsy | 647 | ||
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA | 647 | ||
Epidemiology | 648 | ||
Risk Factors | 648 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 648 | ||
Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma | 648 | ||
Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma | 648 | ||
Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma | 649 | ||
Treatment | 649 | ||
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | 650 | ||
Epidemiology | 650 | ||
Bowen Disease | 650 | ||
Erythroplasia of Queyrat | 650 | ||
Risk Factors | 650 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 650 | ||
Diagnosis | 650 | ||
Treatment | 651 | ||
Risk Factors for Recurrence of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 651 | ||
MELANOMA | 651 | ||
Epidemiology | 652 | ||
Superficial Melanoma | 652 | ||
Nodular Melanoma | 652 | ||
Lentigo Maligna Melanoma | 652 | ||
Acral Lentiginous | 653 | ||
Melanonychia Differential | 653 | ||
Risk Factors | 654 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 654 | ||
Diagnosis | 657 | ||
Treatment | 657 | ||
Monitoring | 658 | ||
Skin Cancer Prevention | 658 | ||
REFERENCES | 658 | ||
Parasitic Skin Infections for Primary Care Physicians | 661 | ||
Key points | 661 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 661 | ||
SCABIES | 662 | ||
General Information and Cause | 662 | ||
Pathophysiology | 662 | ||
Risk Factors | 662 | ||
Transmission | 663 | ||
Presentation | 663 | ||
Diagnosis | 664 | ||
Treatment | 664 | ||
Complications | 664 | ||
Prevention | 664 | ||
PEDICULOSIS | 664 | ||
General Information | 664 | ||
PEDICULOSIS CAPITIS | 665 | ||
Cause and Risk Factors | 665 | ||
Epidemiology | 665 | ||
Transmission | 666 | ||
Presentation | 666 | ||
Diagnosis | 666 | ||
Treatment | 667 | ||
Complications | 667 | ||
Prevention | 667 | ||
PEDICULOSIS PUBIS | 667 | ||
Cause | 667 | ||
Transmission | 670 | ||
Epidemiology | 670 | ||
Presentation | 670 | ||
Diagnosis | 671 | ||
Treatment | 671 | ||
Complications | 672 | ||
Prevention | 672 | ||
PEDICULOSIS CORPORIS | 672 | ||
Cause | 672 | ||
Epidemiology and Risk Factors | 673 | ||
Transmission | 673 | ||
Presentation | 673 | ||
Diagnosis | 673 | ||
Treatment | 673 | ||
Complications | 674 | ||
Prevention | 674 | ||
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION | 674 | ||
REFERENCES | 674 | ||
Nail Deformities and Injuries | 677 | ||
Key points | 677 | ||
NAIL ANATOMY | 677 | ||
NAIL ABNORMALITIES | 678 | ||
Onychomycosis | 678 | ||
Leukonychia | 679 | ||
Mees lines | 680 | ||
Terry nails | 680 | ||
Lindsay nail | 680 | ||
Muehrcke lines | 680 | ||
Melanonychia, Longitudinal | 680 | ||
Nail Pitting | 680 | ||
Subungual Hematoma | 681 | ||
Beau Lines | 682 | ||
Onycholysis | 682 | ||
Pterygium Unguis | 683 | ||
Longitudinal Ridging (Onychorrhexis) | 683 | ||
Trachyonychia | 684 | ||
Clubbing | 684 | ||
Paronychia | 686 | ||
Ingrown Toenails | 687 | ||
Nail Avulsion Procedure | 689 | ||
SUMMARY | 691 | ||
REFERENCES | 691 |