BOOK
Orbit and Neuro-ophthalmic Imaging, An Issue of Neuroimaging Clinics, E-Book
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Orbit and Neuro-ophthalmic Imaging is explored in this important Neuroimaging Clinics issue. Articles include: Imaging indication, protocols, anatomy, and pitfalls; Orbital ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography – what radiologists need to know; Advanced imaging techniques for the retina and visual pathway; Imaging of optic neuropathy and chiasmatic disorder; Imaging of post-chiasmatic disorder and higher cortical visual dysfunction; Imaging of diseases of the ocular motor pathway; Imaging of orbital trauma and emergent non-traumatic conditions; Imaging of ocular prosthesis and orbital reconstruction flaps; Imaging of pediatric ophthalmologic conditions; and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Orbit and Neuro-ophthalmic\rImaging | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Forthcoming Issues | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Contents | ix | ||
| Orbit and Neuro-ophthalmic\rImaging | xiii | ||
| Orbit and Neuro-ophthalmic\rImaging | xv | ||
| Diagnostic Ophthalmic Ultrasound for Radiologists | 327 | ||
| Key points | 327 | ||
| Basic principles | 327 | ||
| Basic examination technique | 334 | ||
| Quadrant Screening Examination | 336 | ||
| Clinical application | 336 | ||
| Clinical cases of the anterior segment | 337 | ||
| Clinical cases of the posterior segment | 337 | ||
| Clinical cases of the optic nerve | 337 | ||
| Clinical cases of the orbit | 337 | ||
| Summary | 363 | ||
| References | 364 | ||
| Optical Coherence Tomography for the Radiologist | 367 | ||
| Key points | 367 | ||
| Introduction | 367 | ||
| Normal anatomy through the macula and optic nerve with optical coherence tomography | 369 | ||
| Qualitative versus quantitative analysis of macula and optic nerve | 370 | ||
| Qualitative scans | 370 | ||
| Quantitative scans | 370 | ||
| Retina | 370 | ||
| Optic Nerve | 371 | ||
| Circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer analysis | 371 | ||
| Macula volume analysis | 374 | ||
| Optic nerve pathologies | 374 | ||
| Normal Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer | 374 | ||
| Decreased Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer | 376 | ||
| Increased Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer | 378 | ||
| Pitfalls of what appears to be a normal average retinal nerve fiber layer | 380 | ||
| Brief summary of how to use the optical coherence tomography to correlate with neuroimaging | 380 | ||
| Future considerations | 381 | ||
| References | 381 | ||
| Advanced MR Imaging of the Visual Pathway | 383 | ||
| Key points | 383 | ||
| Introduction | 383 | ||
| Retinal MR imaging | 383 | ||
| Optic nerve MR imaging | 384 | ||
| Diffusion-weighted imaging | 384 | ||
| Magnetization transfer contrast | 386 | ||
| High-resolution MR imaging of the lateral geniculate nucleus | 387 | ||
| Diffusion tensor imaging of the optic radiations | 388 | ||
| Characterization of visual association areas with functional MR imaging | 389 | ||
| Summary | 391 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 391 | ||
| References | 391 | ||
| Imaging of Optic Neuropathy and Chiasmal Syndromes | 395 | ||
| Key points | 395 | ||
| Introduction | 395 | ||
| Normal anatomy | 395 | ||
| Optic Nerve | 395 | ||
| Optic Chiasm | 395 | ||
| Imaging protocol | 396 | ||
| Computed Tomography Versus MR Imaging | 396 | ||
| MR Imaging Protocol | 396 | ||
| Pathology | 396 | ||
| Optic Neuropathy | 396 | ||
| Optic neuritis | 396 | ||
| Neuromyelitis optica (Devic disease) | 397 | ||
| Optic perineuritis | 397 | ||
| Ischemic optic neuropathy | 397 | ||
| Optic Nerve and Optic Nerve Sheath Neoplasms | 398 | ||
| Optic nerve gliomas | 398 | ||
| Optic nerve sheath meningiomas | 398 | ||
| Compressive optic neuropathy | 399 | ||
| Chiasmal Disorders | 401 | ||
| Pituitary macroadenomas | 401 | ||
| Pituitary apoplexy | 402 | ||
| Meningiomas | 404 | ||
| Aneurysms | 405 | ||
| Craniopharyngiomas | 405 | ||
| Chiasmal-hypothalamic gliomas | 407 | ||
| Summary | 408 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 408 | ||
| References | 408 | ||
| Imaging of Retrochiasmal and Higher Cortical Visual Disorders | 411 | ||
| Key points | 411 | ||
| Introduction | 411 | ||
| Normal anatomy | 411 | ||
| Optic Tract | 411 | ||
| Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | 412 | ||
| Optic Radiations | 412 | ||
| Striate Cortex | 413 | ||
| Visual Association Areas | 413 | ||
| Pathology | 414 | ||
| Optic Tract | 414 | ||
| Optic Tract Localization and Deep Brain Stimulation | 415 | ||
| Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | 415 | ||
| Optic Radiation | 416 | ||
| Striate Cortex | 416 | ||
| Higher Cortical Visual Disorders | 416 | ||
| Cerebral hemiachromatopsia | 416 | ||
| Prosopagnosia | 418 | ||
| Balint syndrome | 419 | ||
| Visual hemi-inattention | 419 | ||
| Pure alexia (alexia without agraphia) | 419 | ||
| Posterior cortical atrophy | 419 | ||
| Summary | 422 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 422 | ||
| References | 422 | ||
| Imaging of Ocular Motor Pathway | 425 | ||
| Key points | 425 | ||
| Introduction | 425 | ||
| Normal anatomy | 425 | ||
| Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III) | 425 | ||
| Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV) | 426 | ||
| Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI) | 427 | ||
| Horizontal Conjugate Gaze | 427 | ||
| Vertical Conjugate Gaze | 427 | ||
| Imaging technique and protocol | 427 | ||
| Pathology | 427 | ||
| Nuclear and Fascicular | 427 | ||
| Ischemia | 428 | ||
| Neoplasms | 428 | ||
| Multiple sclerosis | 430 | ||
| Infection | 430 | ||
| Wernicke encephalopathy | 431 | ||
| Cisternal and Dural | 433 | ||
| Microvascular ischemia | 433 | ||
| Neurovascular conflicts | 433 | ||
| Aneurysm | 433 | ||
| Infection and inflammation | 433 | ||
| Neoplasms | 433 | ||
| Interdural (Cavernous Sinus) and Foraminal (Superior Orbital Fissure) | 435 | ||
| Cavernous sinus thrombosis/thrombophlebitis | 435 | ||
| Tolosa-Hunt syndrome | 436 | ||
| Meningiomas | 436 | ||
| Summary | 437 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 437 | ||
| References | 437 | ||
| Imaging of Orbital Trauma and Emergent Non-traumatic Conditions | 439 | ||
| Key points | 439 | ||
| Introduction | 439 | ||
| Orbital skeletal trauma | 440 | ||
| Orbital Blowout Fracture | 440 | ||
| Superior Orbital Wall Fracture | 440 | ||
| Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture | 441 | ||
| Naso-Orbitoethmoid Complex Fracture | 441 | ||
| LeFort Complex Fractures | 442 | ||
| Orbital Apex Fracture | 442 | ||
| Traumatic globe injury | 443 | ||
| Ocular Hemorrhage and Detachments | 443 | ||
| Traumatic Lens Injury | 444 | ||
| Open Globe Injury | 446 | ||
| Retrobulbar Soft Tissue Injury | 446 | ||
| Orbital Foreign Body | 447 | ||
| Nontraumatic orbital emergencies | 450 | ||
| Orbital Infection | 450 | ||
| Orbital Inflammatory Conditions | 451 | ||
| Ocular Infection/Inflammation | 452 | ||
| Vascular Orbital Emergencies | 453 | ||
| Summary | 455 | ||
| References | 455 | ||
| Imaging of the Postoperative Orbit | 457 | ||
| Key points | 457 | ||
| Introduction | 457 | ||
| Important anatomic and functional considerations | 459 | ||
| Globe | 459 | ||
| Orbit | 459 | ||
| Imaging protocols | 459 | ||
| Urgent postoperative complications and imaging pitfalls | 461 | ||
| Posttreatment imaging findings: normal and pathologic | 462 | ||
| Intraocular lens implants | 462 | ||
| Glaucoma shunting implants | 463 | ||
| Surgery for retinal detachment | 465 | ||
| Pneumatic Retinopexy | 466 | ||
| Scleral Buckling | 466 | ||
| Vitrectomy | 469 | ||
| Evisceration, enucleation, ocular implant, and eye prosthesis | 469 | ||
| Eyelid weights | 470 | ||
| Lacrimal gland dacryocystorhinostomy | 470 | ||
| Orbital decompression | 470 | ||
| Orbital wall reconstruction | 472 | ||
| Orbital exenteration | 474 | ||
| Summary | 474 | ||
| References | 474 | ||
| Imaging of Pediatric Orbital Diseases | 477 | ||
| Key points | 477 | ||
| Introduction | 477 | ||
| Normal anatomy | 477 | ||
| Imaging technique | 479 | ||
| Congenital and developmental anomalies | 479 | ||
| Anophthalmos and Microphthalmos | 479 | ||
| Cryptophthalmos | 481 | ||
| Anterior Segment Dysgenesis | 481 | ||
| Macrophthalmos | 481 | ||
| Congenital Cystic Eye | 482 | ||
| Coloboma | 482 | ||
| Morning Glory Disc Anomaly | 483 | ||
| Staphyloma | 484 | ||
| Hypertelorism, Hypotelorism, and Cyclopia | 484 | ||
| Large/Small Orbit | 485 | ||
| Optic Nerve Hypoplasia | 485 | ||
| Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous | 485 | ||
| Coats Disease | 486 | ||
| Retinopathy of Prematurity | 486 | ||
| Orbital and Ocular Abnormalities with Central Nervous System Malformations | 487 | ||
| Nasolacrimal Duct Cyst and Mucocele | 487 | ||
| Lacrimal Gland Anomalies | 487 | ||
| Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders | 488 | ||
| Orbital masses | 489 | ||
| Dermoid and Epidermoid | 489 | ||
| Vascular lesions | 489 | ||
| Lymphatic Malformation | 489 | ||
| Venous Malformation | 491 | ||
| Arteriovenous Malformation and Carotid Cavernous Fistula | 491 | ||
| Neoplasms | 491 | ||
| Orbital Neoplasms | 492 | ||
| Infantile hemangioma | 492 | ||
| Teratoma | 492 | ||
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 492 | ||
| Langerhans cell histiocytosis | 493 | ||
| Leukemia | 494 | ||
| Lymphoma | 494 | ||
| Neuroblastoma metastases | 496 | ||
| Intraocular Neoplasms | 496 | ||
| Retinoblastoma | 496 | ||
| Medulloepithelioma | 498 | ||
| Optic pathway glioma | 498 | ||
| Papilledema and pseudopapilledema | 498 | ||
| Summary | 499 | ||
| References | 499 | ||
| Index | 503 |