BOOK
Volume 47, Issue 1, An Issue of Orthopedic Clinics, E-Book
Asif M. Ilyas | Shital N. Parikh | Saqib Rehman | Giles R Scuderi | Felasfa M. Wodajo
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Each issue of Orthopedic Clinics offers clinical review articles on the most cutting edge technologies, techniques, and more in the field. Major topic areas include: adult reconstruction, upper extremity, pediatrics, trauma, oncology, hand, foot & ankle, and sports medicine.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Editors | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | iii | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | iii | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | iii | ||
| ACCREDITATION | iii | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | iii | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | iv | ||
| TO ENROLL | iv | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | iv | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| EDITORS | v | ||
| AUTHORS | v | ||
| Contents | ix | ||
| Adult Reconstruction | ix | ||
| Preface\r | ix | ||
| Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Infection: Novel Developments\r | ix | ||
| One-Stage Revision for Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty\r | ix | ||
| The Impact of Lumbar Spine Disease and Deformity on Total Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes\r | ix | ||
| Robotically Assisted Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty with a Handheld Image-Free Sculpting Tool\r | ix | ||
| Does Malrotation of the Tibial and Femoral Components Compromise Function in Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty?\r | x | ||
| The Utility of Increased Constraint in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty for Obese Patients\r | x | ||
| Trauma | x | ||
| Preface: Going Out with a Bang\r | x | ||
| Interlocked Intramedullary Nail Without Fluoroscopy\r | x | ||
| Management of Aseptic Tibial and Femoral Diaphyseal Nonunions Without Bony Defects\r | xi | ||
| Surgical Management of Patellar Fractures\r | xi | ||
| Management of Distal Femur Fractures in Adults: An Overview of Options\r | xi | ||
| Management of Adult Elbow Fracture Dislocations\r | xi | ||
| Management of the Morel-Lavallée Lesion\r | xii | ||
| Management of Major Traumatic Upper Extremity Amputations\r | xii | ||
| Application of Tranexamic Acid in Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery\r | xii | ||
| Pediatrics\r | xii | ||
| Preface: Patellar Instability\r | xii | ||
| Classification of Lateral Patellar Instability in Children and Adolescents\r | xii | ||
| Congenital Anomalies of the Hand—Principles of Management\r | xiii | ||
| Upper Extremity\r | xiii | ||
| Prefacexxv | xiii | ||
| Immobilization After Rotator Cuff Repair: What Evidence Do We Have Now?\r | xiii | ||
| Posterior Shoulder Instability in Overhead Athletes\r | xiii | ||
| Surgical Treatment of Distal Biceps Ruptures\r | xiii | ||
| Prosthetic Design in Total Wrist Arthroplasty\r | xiv | ||
| Flexor Tendon Repair: Healing, Biomechanics, and Suture Configurations\r | xiv | ||
| Scapholunate Advanced Collapse: Motion-Sparing Reconstructive Options\r | xiv | ||
| Optimal Positioning for Volar Plate Fixation of a Distal Radius Fracture: Determining the Distal Dorsal Cortical Distance\r | xiv | ||
| Open Fractures of the Hand: Review of Pathogenesis and Introduction of a New Classification System\r | xv | ||
| Oncology | xv | ||
| Preface\r | xv | ||
| Innovations in Intraoperative Tumor Visualization\r | xv | ||
| Reconstruction After Tumor Resection in the Growing Child\r | xv | ||
| Update on Survival in Osteosarcoma\r | xv | ||
| Dedication | xvii | ||
| Preface | xx | ||
| Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Infection | xxii | ||
| Key points | xxii | ||
| INTRODUCTION | xxii | ||
| HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | xxii | ||
| SEROLOGY: ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN | xxiii | ||
| SEROLOGY: BEYOND ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN | xxiii | ||
| SYNOVIAL FLUID MARKERS | xxv | ||
| SYNOVIAL CULTURE | xxvi | ||
| HISTOLOGY | xxvi | ||
| MOLECULAR METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS | xxvii | ||
| SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION | xxvii | ||
| REFERENCES | xxvii | ||
| One-Stage Revision for Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty | 4 | ||
| Key points | 4 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM | 4 | ||
| ONE-STAGE EXCHANGE ARTHROPLASTY | 5 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR ONE-STAGE SEPTIC EXCHANGE OF THE HIP | 5 | ||
| CONTRAINDICATIONS OF ONE-STAGE PROCEDURE | 5 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 5 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 5 | ||
| Preparation and Patient Positioning | 6 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 6 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURE | 6 | ||
| Step 1. Debridement and Explantation | 6 | ||
| Step 2. Irrigation with Local Antiseptics | 6 | ||
| Step 3. Reimplantation | 7 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT | 8 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 8 | ||
| Postoperative Antibiotics | 8 | ||
| Physiotherapy | 8 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 8 | ||
| SUMMARY | 9 | ||
| REFERENCES | 9 | ||
| The Impact of Lumbar Spine Disease and Deformity on Total Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes | 12 | ||
| Key points | 12 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 12 | ||
| LUMBAR RANGE OF MOTION | 12 | ||
| SPINOPELVIC MOTION AND PELVIC PARAMETERS | 13 | ||
| INFLUENCE OF BODY POSITION ON PELVIC PARAMETERS | 13 | ||
| CORONAL AND SAGITTAL ALIGNMENT AND SPINOPELVIC MECHANICS | 13 | ||
| IMPINGEMENT AND INSTABILITY | 14 | ||
| INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS | 14 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURE | 15 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 15 | ||
| Functional consequences of pelvic tilt on acetabular cup position | 16 | ||
| Pelvic Obliquity | 16 | ||
| Clinical assessment | 17 | ||
| Operative considerations | 17 | ||
| Complications and management | 18 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 18 | ||
| SUMMARY | 19 | ||
| REFERENCES | 19 | ||
| Robotically Assisted Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty with a Handheld Image-Free Sculpting Tool | 22 | ||
| Key points | 22 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 22 | ||
| NAVIO PRECISION FREE-HAND SCULPTOR SYSTEM OVERVIEW | 23 | ||
| PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 24 | ||
| RESULTS | 26 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 31 | ||
| PEARLS AND PITFALLS | 31 | ||
| SUMMARY | 31 | ||
| REFERENCES | 32 | ||
| Does Malrotation of the Tibial and Femoral Components Compromise Function in Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty? | 34 | ||
| Key points | 34 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 34 | ||
| METHODS | 35 | ||
| Statistical Analysis | 38 | ||
| RESULTS | 38 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 39 | ||
| REFERENCES | 42 | ||
| The Utility of Increased Constraint in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty for Obese Patients | 44 | ||
| Key points | 44 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 44 | ||
| MATERIALS AND METHODS | 45 | ||
| Statistical Methods | 45 | ||
| RESULTS | 46 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 46 | ||
| REFERENCES | 47 | ||
| Going Out with a Bang | 51 | ||
| Interlocked Intramedullary Nail Without Fluoroscopy | 53 | ||
| Key points | 53 | ||
| ORTHOPEDIC CLINICS: INTERLOCKED INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL WITHOUT FLUOROSCOPY | 53 | ||
| Increasing Numbers of Patients with High-Energy Fractures | 53 | ||
| Collaboration with Surgeons in Developing Countries | 54 | ||
| Surgical Implant Generation Network Technique for Tibial Nailing | 54 | ||
| Education | 57 | ||
| Validation | 57 | ||
| EVOLUTION OF RETROGRADE FEMORAL NAILING WITH THE SURGICAL IMPLANT GENERATION NETWORK SYSTEM | 57 | ||
| Technique | 58 | ||
| Reduction | 58 | ||
| Nail Insertion | 59 | ||
| Placing Interlocking Screws | 59 | ||
| Peritrochanteric Fractures | 60 | ||
| Subtrochanteric Fractures | 61 | ||
| IMPACT OF THE SURGICAL IMPLANT GENERATION NETWORK IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | 62 | ||
| REFERENCES | 62 | ||
| Management of Aseptic Tibial and Femoral Diaphyseal Nonunions Without Bony Defects | 63 | ||
| Key points | 63 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 63 | ||
| FEMUR | 64 | ||
| Augmentative Plating | 64 | ||
| Blade Plate Fixation | 64 | ||
| Intramedullary Nail Fixation | 64 | ||
| Exchange Nailing | 64 | ||
| Ilizarov Method | 66 | ||
| Other Methods | 66 | ||
| Summary for Femoral Nonunions | 66 | ||
| TIBIA | 67 | ||
| Plate and Screw Fixation | 67 | ||
| Augmentative plating | 67 | ||
| Compression plating | 68 | ||
| Intramedullary Nail Fixation | 68 | ||
| Exchange Nailing | 68 | ||
| Other Methods | 68 | ||
| Bone grafting | 68 | ||
| Ultrasound | 68 | ||
| Electrical stimulation | 68 | ||
| Biologics | 70 | ||
| Summary for Tibial Nonunions | 70 | ||
| SUMMARY | 70 | ||
| REFERENCES | 70 | ||
| Surgical Management of Patellar Fractures | 73 | ||
| Key points | 73 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM | 73 | ||
| INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS | 73 | ||
| Conservative Management | 73 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE/PROCEDURE | 74 | ||
| Surgical Indications | 74 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 74 | ||
| Prep and Patient Positioning | 74 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 74 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 75 | ||
| Outcomes | 76 | ||
| Complications and Management | 77 | ||
| SUMMARY | 78 | ||
| REFERENCES | 78 | ||
| Management of Distal Femur Fractures in Adults | 81 | ||
| Key points | 81 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 81 | ||
| ANATOMY AND CLASSIFICATION | 81 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND IMAGING | 82 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 84 | ||
| NONOPERATIVE | 84 | ||
| SURGICAL APPROACHES | 84 | ||
| OPERATIVE STRATEGIES | 84 | ||
| External Fixation/Tensioned Ring Fixation | 84 | ||
| Open Reduction Internal Fixation with Fixed-Angle Blade Plate and Dynamic Condylar Screws | 85 | ||
| Open Reduction Internal Fixation with Plate Fixation | 85 | ||
| Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing | 88 | ||
| Arthroplasty and Distal Femoral Replacement | 88 | ||
| SUMMARY | 90 | ||
| REFERENCES | 91 | ||
| Management of Adult Elbow Fracture Dislocations | 93 | ||
| Key points | 93 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 93 | ||
| INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS | 94 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE/PROCEDURE | 97 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 97 | ||
| Preparation and Patient Positioning | 97 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 97 | ||
| Surgical Procedure | 100 | ||
| Coronoid | 100 | ||
| Radial head | 100 | ||
| Lateral soft tissues | 102 | ||
| Complications and Management | 102 | ||
| Heterotopic ossification | 102 | ||
| Recurrent joint instability | 102 | ||
| Ulnar neuropathy | 104 | ||
| Elbow stiffness/contractures | 104 | ||
| Posttraumatic osteoarthritis | 105 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 105 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 105 | ||
| SUMMARY | 106 | ||
| REFERENCES | 106 | ||
| Management of the Morel-Lavallée Lesion | 111 | ||
| Key points | 111 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 111 | ||
| CAUSE | 111 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 112 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 112 | ||
| IMAGING | 112 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 113 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 113 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT | 113 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE PLANNING | 115 | ||
| CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT | 115 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT: TECHNIQUES AND OUTCOMES | 116 | ||
| Open Debridement | 116 | ||
| Limited Incision | 117 | ||
| Sclerodesis | 117 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 118 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 118 | ||
| Postoperative Infection | 118 | ||
| Recurrence | 118 | ||
| Skin Necrosis | 119 | ||
| Contour Deformity | 119 | ||
| SUMMARY | 119 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 119 | ||
| REFERENCES | 119 | ||
| Management of Major Traumatic Upper Extremity Amputations | 123 | ||
| Key points | 123 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 123 | ||
| INITIAL MANAGEMENT | 123 | ||
| REPLANT OR REVISION AMPUTATION | 124 | ||
| PROCEDURE: REVISION OF MAJOR UPPER EXTREMITY AMPUTATION | 125 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 125 | ||
| General Procedure Details | 125 | ||
| Targeted Muscle Reinnervation | 126 | ||
| Wrist Disarticulation | 126 | ||
| Transradial Amputation | 127 | ||
| Elbow Disarticulation | 127 | ||
| Transhumeral Amputation | 128 | ||
| Shoulder Disarticulation | 129 | ||
| UPPER LIMB AMPUTATION OUTCOMES | 130 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 130 | ||
| SUMMARY | 131 | ||
| REFERENCES | 131 | ||
| Application of Tranexamic Acid in Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery | 133 | ||
| Key points | 133 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 133 | ||
| TRANEXAMIC ACID | 134 | ||
| Mechanism and Pharmacokinetics | 134 | ||
| Dosing and Timing of Administration | 134 | ||
| Cost | 135 | ||
| Safety | 135 | ||
| USE IN TRAUMA | 135 | ||
| USE IN ORTHOPEDICS | 136 | ||
| Total Hip Arthroplasty | 136 | ||
| Total Knee Arthroplasty | 136 | ||
| Spine Surgery | 137 | ||
| Orthopedic Trauma | 137 | ||
| FUTURE INVESTIGATION | 137 | ||
| SUMMARY | 138 | ||
| REFERENCES | 138 | ||
| Patellar Instability | 142 | ||
| Classification of Lateral Patellar Instability in Children and Adolescents | 144 | ||
| Key points | 144 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 144 | ||
| EXISTING CLASSIFICATION | 145 | ||
| NOMENCLATURE | 145 | ||
| COMPREHENSIVE CLASSIFICATION | 146 | ||
| TYPE I: FIRST TIME PATELLAR DISLOCATION | 147 | ||
| TYPE II: RECURRENT PATELLAR INSTABILITY | 147 | ||
| TYPE III: DISLOCATABLE PATELLA | 148 | ||
| TYPE IV: DISLOCATED PATELLA | 149 | ||
| VOLUNTARY PATELLAR INSTABILITY | 149 | ||
| SYNDROMIC PATELLAR INSTABILITY | 149 | ||
| SUMMARY | 150 | ||
| REFERENCES | 150 | ||
| Congenital Anomalies of the Hand—Principles of Management | 152 | ||
| Key points | 152 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 152 | ||
| Embryology | 153 | ||
| INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS | 153 | ||
| SYNDACTYLY | 154 | ||
| Surgical Procedure | 154 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 155 | ||
| Complications and Management | 155 | ||
| Outcomes | 156 | ||
| POLYDACTYLY | 157 | ||
| Surgical Procedure | 158 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 158 | ||
| Surgical Procedure: Preaxial Polydactyly Reconstruction | 159 | ||
| Surgical Procedure: Bilhaut-Cloquet Procedure | 159 | ||
| Surgical Procedure: Postaxial Polydactyly Reconstruction Type A | 159 | ||
| Complications and Management | 160 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 160 | ||
| Outcomes | 160 | ||
| THUMB HYPOPLASIA | 161 | ||
| Surgical Procedure | 162 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 162 | ||
| Surgical Procedure: Opponensplasty, Ligament Reconstruction, Web Space Deepening | 163 | ||
| Surgical Procedure: Pollicization | 163 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 164 | ||
| Complications and Management | 164 | ||
| Outcomes | 164 | ||
| SUMMARY | 165 | ||
| REFERENCES | 165 | ||
| Preface | 169 | ||
| Immobilization After Rotator Cuff Repair | 171 | ||
| Key points | 171 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 171 | ||
| BASIC SCIENCE EVIDENCE | 172 | ||
| Tendon-to-Bone Healing | 172 | ||
| Mechanobiology in Tendon Healing | 173 | ||
| Animal Studies of Immobilization and Load Removal | 173 | ||
| Clinical Evidence | 174 | ||
| Randomized Controlled Trials on Postoperative Mobilization | 174 | ||
| SUMMARY | 178 | ||
| REFERENCES | 178 | ||
| Posterior Shoulder Instability in Overhead Athletes | 181 | ||
| Key points | 181 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 181 | ||
| INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 182 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 182 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 182 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 182 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC ARTHROSCOPY | 182 | ||
| GLENOID AND LABRUM PREPARATION | 182 | ||
| ZONE-SPECIFIC REPAIR | 182 | ||
| SUBEQUATORIAL REPAIR | 183 | ||
| SUPRAEQUATORIAL REPAIR | 184 | ||
| POSTERIOR CAPSULE CLOSURE | 184 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 185 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 185 | ||
| SUMMARY | 188 | ||
| REFERENCES | 188 | ||
| Surgical Treatment of Distal Biceps Ruptures | 191 | ||
| Key points | 191 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 191 | ||
| ANATOMY | 191 | ||
| CLINICAL EVALUATION | 192 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 193 | ||
| SURGICAL APPROACH | 193 | ||
| Single-Incision Technique | 193 | ||
| Two-Incision Technique | 194 | ||
| Single-Incision Posterior Technique | 194 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURE | 194 | ||
| Exposure and Mobilization of the Biceps Tendon | 194 | ||
| Bicipital Tuberosity Preparation | 194 | ||
| Tendon Preparation | 194 | ||
| FIXATION TECHNIQUES | 195 | ||
| Bone Tunnel Fixation | 195 | ||
| Suture Anchors | 195 | ||
| Biotenodesis Screw | 195 | ||
| Cortical Button | 195 | ||
| Single-Incision Power Optimizing Cost-effective Technique | 196 | ||
| COMPARISON OF FIXATION TECHNIQUES | 196 | ||
| Biomechanical Comparison | 196 | ||
| Clinical Outcomes Comparison | 197 | ||
| CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF SINGLE-INCISION VERSUS 2-INCISION TECHNIQUES | 201 | ||
| TUNNEL PLACEMENT | 201 | ||
| Chronic Ruptures | 202 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT | 202 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 203 | ||
| SUMMARY | 204 | ||
| REFERENCES | 204 | ||
| Prosthetic Design in Total Wrist Arthroplasty | 209 | ||
| Key points | 209 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 209 | ||
| INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 209 | ||
| OPERATIVE PROCEDURE | 210 | ||
| PROSTHETIC DESIGN | 210 | ||
| First-generation Implants | 210 | ||
| Second-generation Implants | 211 | ||
| Third-generation Implants | 212 | ||
| Fourth-generation Implants | 214 | ||
| Universal 2 Total Wrist System | 214 | ||
| RE-MOTION Total Wrist System | 215 | ||
| Maestro Wrist Reconstruction System | 215 | ||
| CLINICAL OUTCOMES | 218 | ||
| SUMMARY | 218 | ||
| REFERENCES | 219 | ||
| Flexor Tendon Repair | 221 | ||
| Key points | 221 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 221 | ||
| TENDON ANATOMY | 221 | ||
| BIOLOGY OF TENDON HEALING | 222 | ||
| BIOMECHANICS OF TENDON HEALING | 223 | ||
| BIOLOGICAL STRATEGIES TO AUGMENT TENDON HEALING | 224 | ||
| Transforming Growth Factor β | 224 | ||
| Nuclear Factor Kappa β | 224 | ||
| Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor | 225 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Medications | 225 | ||
| SUTURE CONFIGURATIONS TO MAXIMIZE STRENGTH AND MOTION | 225 | ||
| SUMMARY | 226 | ||
| REFERENCES | 226 | ||
| Scapholunate Advanced Collapse | 229 | ||
| Key points | 229 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 229 | ||
| FOUR-CORNER ARTHRODESIS | 229 | ||
| PROXIMAL ROW CARPECTOMY | 231 | ||
| STUDIES COMPARING PROXIMAL ROW CARPECTOMY AND FOUR-CORNER ARTHRODESIS | 233 | ||
| WRIST DENERVATION | 234 | ||
| SUMMARY | 234 | ||
| REFERENCES | 234 | ||
| Optimal Positioning for Volar Plate Fixation of a Distal Radius Fracture | 237 | ||
| Key points | 237 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 237 | ||
| INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR VOLAR LOCKED PLATING | 238 | ||
| The Concept of the Volar Locked Plate | 238 | ||
| Achievement and Maintenance of Reduction | 239 | ||
| The Importance of Maintaining Reduction | 241 | ||
| Potential Factors Influencing Reduction Maintenance | 241 | ||
| THE DISTAL DORSAL CORTICAL DISTANCE | 243 | ||
| SUMMARY | 244 | ||
| REFERENCES | 245 | ||
| Open Fractures of the Hand | 247 | ||
| Key points | 247 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 247 | ||
| AVAILABLE EVIDENCE ON OPEN HAND FRACTURES | 247 | ||
| VARIABLES AFFECTING INFECTION RISK FOLLOWING AN OPEN FRACTURE OF THE HAND | 248 | ||
| Anatomy | 248 | ||
| Vascular Supply | 248 | ||
| Soft Tissue Envelope | 249 | ||
| Contamination | 249 | ||
| PREDICTIVE FACTORS IN OPEN HAND FRACTURES | 250 | ||
| INAPPLICABILITY OF THE GUSTILO-ANDERSON CLASSIFICATION TO OPEN HAND FRACTURES | 250 | ||
| NEW CLASSIFICATION OF OPEN HAND FRACTURES | 251 | ||
| REFERENCES | 252 | ||
| Preface | 256 | ||
| Innovations in Intraoperative Tumor Visualization | 258 | ||
| Key points | 258 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 258 | ||
| TRADITIONAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES | 259 | ||
| OPTICAL FLUORESCENT IMAGING | 259 | ||
| Autofluorescence | 260 | ||
| Advantages | 260 | ||
| Disadvantages | 260 | ||
| Near-Infrared Fluorescent Imaging | 260 | ||
| Reconstruction After Tumor Resection in the Growing Child | 270 | ||
| Key points | 270 | ||
| HISTORICAL BACKGROUND | 270 | ||
| STATE OF THE LITERATURE | 271 | ||
| CURRENT ALTERNATIVES TO LIMB SALVAGE | 271 | ||
| Amputation | 271 | ||
| Rotationplasty | 272 | ||
| LIMB SALVAGE: GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE SKELETALLY IMMATURE | 273 | ||
| Selecting a Prosthesis | 273 | ||
| Age-related concerns for the lower extremity | 273 | ||
| Age-related concerns for the upper extremity | 273 | ||
| Metal Endoprostheses: Historical Background | 274 | ||
| Growing prosthesis | 274 | ||
| LIMB SALVAGE SURGERY: CURRENT PRACTICES | 275 | ||
| Allograft | 277 | ||
| Autograft | 278 | ||
| Metallic Endoprosthesis | 278 | ||
| Allograft-Prosthesis Composite | 278 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND FAILURES | 278 | ||
| General Concerns | 278 | ||
| Infection | 279 | ||
| Allografts | 279 | ||
| Metallic Endoprosthesis | 281 | ||
| Allograft-Prosthesis Composite | 281 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES | 281 | ||
| Questionnaires | 281 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Tumor Society | 281 | ||
| Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument | 281 | ||
| Toronto Extremity Salvage Score | 282 | ||
| Gait Characteristics | 282 | ||
| SUMMARY | 282 | ||
| REFERENCES | 283 | ||
| Update on Survival in Osteosarcoma | 288 | ||
| Key points | 288 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 288 | ||
| HISTORY AND BACKGROUND | 288 | ||
| PROGNOSTIC FACTORS | 289 | ||
| Metastatic Disease | 289 | ||
| Chemotherapy Response | 289 | ||
| Tumor Characteristics | 289 | ||
| Patient Characteristics | 289 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY | 290 | ||
| Nonmetastatic | 290 | ||
| Poor Response | 290 | ||
| Metastatic | 290 | ||
| Relapsed | 290 | ||
| SURGERY | 290 | ||
| Margins | 291 | ||
| Local Recurrence | 292 | ||
| Pathologic Fracture | 292 | ||
| Metastasectomy | 292 | ||
| LATE EFFECTS OF THERAPY | 292 | ||
| Systemic Therapy | 292 | ||
| Toxicity | 292 | ||
| Secondary malignant neoplasms | 292 | ||
| Surgery | 293 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 294 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 294 | ||
| Surgery | 295 | ||
| SUMMARY | 295 | ||
| REFERENCES | 295 | ||
| Index | 298 |