BOOK
Childhood Food Allergy: Current Management, Emerging Therapies, and Prevention, An Issue of Pediatric Clinics, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Dr. Gupta provides a comprehensive overview of the clinjical management of food allergy. Articles are devoted to epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, immunology, and treatments of food allergy. Current knowledge of the relationship between the gut microbiome and food allergy is also presented as well as eosiniphilic esophagitis and oral allergy synrome.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Childhood Food Allergy:\rCurrent Management, Emerging Therapies, and Prevention | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| CME Accreditation Page | iii | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | iii | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | iii | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | iii | ||
| ACCREDITATION | iii | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | iii | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | iv | ||
| TO ENROLL | iv | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | iv | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | v | ||
| EDITOR | v | ||
| AUTHORS | v | ||
| Contents | ix | ||
| Foreword: Management of Pediatric Food Allergy | ix | ||
| Preface: Childhood Food Allergy Update | ix | ||
| Pathophysiology of Food Allergy | ix | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Food Allergy and Food-Induced Anaphylaxis | ix | ||
| Diagnosis of Food Allergy | ix | ||
| Clinical Management of Food Allergy | x | ||
| School Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Management for the Pediatrician—Extending the Medical Home with Critical Collaborations | x | ||
| Why Does Australia Appear to Have the Highest Rates of Food Allergy? | x | ||
| Quality of Life in Food Allergy Patients and Their Families | x | ||
| Food Protein–Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome | x | ||
| Gut Microbiome and the Development of Food Allergy and Allergic Disease | xi | ||
| Breast Milk and Food Allergy: Connections and Current Recommendations | xi | ||
| The Learning Early About Peanut Allergy Study: The Benefits of Early Peanut Introduction, and a New Horizon in Fighting the ... | xi | ||
| Mechanisms of Oral Tolerance | xi | ||
| Current Options for the Treatment of Food Allergy | xii | ||
| PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA | xiii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xiii | ||
| February 2016 | xiii | ||
| April 2016 | xiii | ||
| June 2016 | xiii | ||
| August 2016 | xiii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xiii | ||
| October 2015 | xiii | ||
| August 2015 | xiii | ||
| June 2015 | xiii | ||
| April 2015 | xiii | ||
| Foreword: Management of Pediatric Food Allergy | xv | ||
| REFERENCES | xvi | ||
| Preface: Childhood Food Allergy Update | xvii | ||
| REFERENCES | xviii | ||
| Pathophysiology of Food Allergy | 1363 | ||
| Key points | 1363 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1363 | ||
| ORAL TOLERANCE | 1363 | ||
| SENSITIZATION | 1365 | ||
| ELICITATION | 1368 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1370 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1370 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Food Allergy and Food-Induced Anaphylaxis | 1377 | ||
| Key points | 1377 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1377 | ||
| DEFINING FOOD ALLERGIES | 1378 | ||
| IGE-MEDIATED FOOD ALLERGIES | 1379 | ||
| Urticaria and Angioedema | 1379 | ||
| Oropharyngeal Symptoms: Oral Allergy Syndrome | 1381 | ||
| Respiratory Tract Symptoms: Rhinoconjunctivitis and Bronchospasm | 1381 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Symptoms | 1381 | ||
| Food-Induced Anaphylaxis | 1382 | ||
| RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN ANAPHYLAXIS | 1382 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS IN ANAPHYLAXIS | 1385 | ||
| CARDIOVASCULAR SYMPTOMS IN ANAPHYLAXIS | 1385 | ||
| Food-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis | 1385 | ||
| Pitfalls in Making the Diagnosis of Food-Induced Anaphylaxis | 1385 | ||
| NON-IGE-MEDIATED FOOD ALLERGIES | 1386 | ||
| Food Protein–Induced Allergic Proctocolitis | 1386 | ||
| Food Protein–Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome | 1386 | ||
| Food Protein–Induced Enteropathy: Celiac Disease | 1388 | ||
| Food-Induced Pulmonary Hemosiderosis (Heiner Syndrome) | 1388 | ||
| MIXED IGE-MEDIATED AND NON-IGE-MEDIATED FOOD ALLERGIES | 1388 | ||
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis | 1388 | ||
| Atopic Dermatitis | 1389 | ||
| KEY HISTORICAL ELEMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED FOOD ALLERGY | 1389 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1390 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1390 | ||
| Diagnosis of Food Allergy | 1393 | ||
| Key points | 1393 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1393 | ||
| DIAGNOSING IMMUNOGLOBULIN E–MEDIATED FOOD ALLERGIES | 1394 | ||
| Clinical History | 1394 | ||
| Food-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis | 1395 | ||
| Oral Allergy Syndrome | 1396 | ||
| Skin-Prick Tests and Serum Tests | 1396 | ||
| Oral Food Challenge | 1397 | ||
| DIAGNOSING MIXED IMMUNOGLOBULIN E AND NON–IMMUNOGLOBULIN E FOOD REACTIONS | 1397 | ||
| Clinical History | 1398 | ||
| Serum Testing | 1399 | ||
| Endoscopic Evaluation | 1399 | ||
| Elimination Diets | 1400 | ||
| Food Challenges | 1400 | ||
| DIAGNOSING NON-IMMUNOGLOBULIN E–MEDIATED ADVERSE FOOD REACTIONS | 1401 | ||
| Food Protein–Induced Allergic Proctitis | 1401 | ||
| Food Protein–Induced Enteropathy | 1402 | ||
| Food Protein–Induced Enterocolitis | 1402 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1403 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1403 | ||
| Clinical Management of Food Allergy | 1409 | ||
| Key points | 1409 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1409 | ||
| CLINICAL HISTORY | 1410 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 1410 | ||
| Allergy Versus Intolerance | 1410 | ||
| Suspected Triggers | 1411 | ||
| Type of Reaction | 1411 | ||
| Current Diet | 1411 | ||
| Physical Examination | 1412 | ||
| Immunoglobulin E Mediated Versus Non–Immunoglobulin E Mediated | 1412 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 1412 | ||
| Pediatric Clinic | 1412 | ||
| Specific Immunoglobulin E (ImmunoCAP) | 1412 | ||
| Allergy Clinic | 1413 | ||
| Skin-prick testing | 1413 | ||
| Oral food challenge | 1414 | ||
| Interpretation of test results | 1414 | ||
| MEDICATIONS | 1415 | ||
| Prescription of Epinephrine | 1415 | ||
| Other Medications: Antihistamines, Albuterol, and Steroids | 1416 | ||
| COUNSELING AND EDUCATION | 1416 | ||
| Epinephrine Use | 1416 | ||
| Emergency Action Plan | 1417 | ||
| Avoidance | 1417 | ||
| Food Labeling | 1417 | ||
| Different Environments | 1418 | ||
| REFERRAL TO AN ALLERGIST | 1419 | ||
| Monitoring for Tolerance | 1419 | ||
| Tolerance of Extensively Heated Allergens | 1419 | ||
| Routine Follow-Up | 1419 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1420 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1420 | ||
| Appendix 1. APPENDIX 1 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PATIENTS | 1423 | ||
| Appendix 2. APPENDIX 2 CHECKLIST FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS | 1424 | ||
| School Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Management for the Pediatrician—Extending the Medical Home with Critical Collaborations | 1425 | ||
| Key points | 1425 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1425 | ||
| FOOD ALLERGY MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: THE PILLARS OF PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS | 1426 | ||
| Prevention | 1426 | ||
| Preparedness and Emergency Response | 1429 | ||
| Anaphylaxis Emergency Care Plans | 1429 | ||
| Leadership | 1430 | ||
| Epinephrine | 1430 | ||
| The CDC: Voluntary Guidelines for the Management of Food Allergy in Schools and Early Care and Education Programs | 1431 | ||
| School Physician | 1431 | ||
| School Nurse | 1432 | ||
| Food Allergy Policies and Protocol | 1432 | ||
| Understanding School Care Plans | 1433 | ||
| Individualized health care plans | 1433 | ||
| 504 Plan | 1433 | ||
| Individualized education plan accommodations | 1437 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1437 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 1437 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1437 | ||
| Why Does Australia Appear to Have the Highest Rates of Food Allergy? | 1441 | ||
| Key points | 1441 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1441 | ||
| HOW CONVINCING IS THE EVIDENCE FOR A 10% PREVALENCE OF FOOD ALLERGY IN AUSTRALIA? | 1442 | ||
| WHY ARE THE RATES OF FOOD ALLERGY SO HIGH IN AUSTRALIAN INFANTS? | 1443 | ||
| The Dual Allergen Exposure Hypothesis (Lack Hypothesis) | 1443 | ||
| Adequate early-life skin barrier function | 1444 | ||
| Timing of introduction of solids and infant feeding | 1444 | ||
| Vitamin D Hypothesis | 1445 | ||
| Hygiene Hypothesis | 1446 | ||
| HOW DO THESE HYPOTHESES FIT WITH THE OBSERVED CHANGES IN FOOD ALLERGY FOLLOWING MIGRATION TO AUSTRALIA FROM ASIA? | 1446 | ||
| COULD REMOVAL OF THE PROTECTIVE ASIAN ENVIRONMENT INCREASE THE EXPRESSION OF GENETICALLY AT-RISK INFANTS? | 1447 | ||
| THE ROLE OF GENE-ENVIRONMENT AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION | 1448 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1448 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1448 | ||
| Quality of Life in Food Allergy Patients and Their Families | 1453 | ||
| Key points | 1453 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1453 | ||
| SOCIAL ACTIVITIES | 1454 | ||
| Schools and Bullying | 1454 | ||
| Social Activities/Dining Out | 1454 | ||
| DAILY ACTIVITIES | 1455 | ||
| Meals and Nutrition | 1455 | ||
| Parental Emotions | 1455 | ||
| Child’s Emotions | 1457 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1459 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1459 | ||
| Food Protein–Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome | 1463 | ||
| Key points | 1463 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1463 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1464 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 1464 | ||
| CAUSATIVE FOODS | 1468 | ||
| Reactions to Multiple Foods | 1470 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 1470 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria | 1471 | ||
| Delay in Diagnosis | 1472 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis | 1473 | ||
| TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT | 1473 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance | 1474 | ||
| Natural Course | 1474 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1475 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1475 | ||
| Gut Microbiome and the Development of Food Allergy and Allergic Disease | 1479 | ||
| Key points | 1479 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1479 | ||
| THE HUMAN MICROBIOME | 1480 | ||
| THE MICROBIOME AND IMMUNE DEVELOPMENT | 1480 | ||
| THE INFLUENCE OF THE MICROBIOME IN ALLERGIC DISEASE | 1481 | ||
| Animal Exposure | 1481 | ||
| Mode of Delivery | 1482 | ||
| Birth Order and Family Size | 1482 | ||
| Antibiotic Exposure | 1483 | ||
| Diet | 1483 | ||
| THE INFLUENCE OF THE MICROBIOME IN FOOD ALLERGY | 1484 | ||
| Murine Models | 1484 | ||
| Human Studies | 1484 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1485 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1486 | ||
| Breast Milk and Food Allergy | 1493 | ||
| Key points | 1493 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1493 | ||
| THE PHYSIOLOGY OF BREAST MILK | 1494 | ||
| NUTRITION OF EXPRESSED BREAST MILK | 1495 | ||
| MACRONUTRIENTS | 1495 | ||
| Protein | 1495 | ||
| Lipid | 1495 | ||
| Carbohydrate | 1496 | ||
| MICRONUTRIENTS | 1496 | ||
| Vitamins | 1496 | ||
| Minerals | 1496 | ||
| IMMUNOLOGY OF BREAST MILK | 1496 | ||
| Neonatal Immune System | 1496 | ||
| Breast Milk Immunology | 1497 | ||
| EFFECTS OF STORAGE ON BREAST MILK | 1498 | ||
| Refrigeration | 1499 | ||
| Freezing and Thawing | 1499 | ||
| Containers | 1499 | ||
| MOTHER AND HER DIET | 1499 | ||
| Macronutrients | 1499 | ||
| Micronutrients | 1499 | ||
| FOOD ALLERGY AND BREAST MILK | 1499 | ||
| Epidemiology and Developmental Pathophysiology of Food Allergies | 1499 | ||
| History of Breastfeeding with Food Allergy | 1500 | ||
| Review of the Literature on Food Allergies and Expressed Breast Milk | 1501 | ||
| Current Recommendations on Breastfeeding and Food Allergy | 1502 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1503 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1503 | ||
| The Learning Early About Peanut Allergy Study | 1509 | ||
| Key points | 1509 | ||
| PEANUT ALLERGY: AN EPIDEMIC OUT OF CONTROL? | 1510 | ||
| PREVENTING PEANUT ALLERGY THROUGH TIMING OF INTRODUCTION | 1511 | ||
| A Historical Shift of Opinion | 1511 | ||
| Association Study Evidence Supporting Early Peanut Introduction as Protective Against Peanut Allergy | 1512 | ||
| A New Hope in Preventing the Onset of Peanut Allergy | 1513 | ||
| POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THIS RESEARCH | 1515 | ||
| Applicability of the Findings to the High-Risk and Standard-Risk Populations | 1515 | ||
| Considerations on an Implementation Strategy | 1516 | ||
| Current Interim Recommendations | 1517 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1517 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1518 | ||
| Mechanisms of Oral Tolerance | 1523 | ||
| Key points | 1523 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1523 | ||
| ROLE OF THE GUT IMMUNE SYSTEM | 1524 | ||
| REGULATORY T CELLS | 1524 | ||
| ANERGY | 1525 | ||
| LESSONS LEARNED FROM ORAL ANTI-CD3 | 1525 | ||
| SITE OF TOLERANCE TO ORAL ANTIGENS: GUT VERSUS SYSTEMIC | 1526 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1526 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1527 | ||
| Current Options for the Treatment of Food Allergy | 1531 | ||
| Key points | 1531 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1531 | ||
| STANDARD OF CARE | 1532 | ||
| IMMUNOTHERAPY BACKGROUND | 1532 | ||
| IMMUNOTHERAPY MECHANISMS | 1532 | ||
| DESENSITIZATION VERSUS TOLERANCE | 1534 | ||
| ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY | 1534 | ||
| Milk | 1535 | ||
| Egg | 1536 | ||
| Peanut | 1537 | ||
| EXTENSIVELY HEATED MILK AND EGG AS ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY | 1538 | ||
| MULTIPLE FOOD ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY | 1538 | ||
| SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY | 1539 | ||
| SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY VERSUS ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY | 1540 | ||
| EPICUTANEOUS IMMUNOTHERAPY | 1540 | ||
| NONSPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY | 1541 | ||
| Anti-Immunoglobulin E Therapy | 1541 | ||
| Chinese Herbal Formula | 1542 | ||
| Probiotics | 1542 | ||
| EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS AND FOOD IMMUNOTHERAPY | 1543 | ||
| FAILED METHODS OF IMMUNOTHERAPY | 1544 | ||
| PRECLINICAL STUDIES | 1544 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1544 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1545 | ||
| Index | 1551 |