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Book Details
Abstract
The full scope of adult congenital heart disease is examined in this issue of the Cardiology Clinics. Topics include Shunt Lesions, Coarctation of the Aorta, Tetralogy of Fallot, Transposition of Great Arteries, Fontan Repair of Single Ventricle Physiology, Arrhythmias in Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Pulmonary Hypertension. It will also feature special articles on Pregnancy, Non-pharmacologic Treatment, Transition and Psychosocial Issues, and Quality Metrics.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Adult Congenital Heart Disease\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| EDITORIAL BOARD | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: Adult Congenital Heart Disease: The Coming Tide\r | vii | ||
| Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Scope of the Problem\r | vii | ||
| Shunt Lesions\r | vii | ||
| Coarctation of the Aorta: Strategies for Improving Outcomes\r | vii | ||
| Tetralogy of Fallot: General Principles of Management\r | vii | ||
| Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries: Long-term Sequelae of Atrial and Arterial Switch\r | viii | ||
| Fontan Repair of Single Ventricle Physiology: Consequences of a Unique Physiology and Possible Treatment Options\r | viii | ||
| Arrhythmias in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Diagnosis and Management\r | viii | ||
| Heart Failure in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Nonpharmacologic Treatment Strategies\r | viii | ||
| Pulmonary Hypertension in Congenital Heart Disease: Beyond Eisenmenger Syndrome\r | ix | ||
| Pregnancy and Adult Congenital Heart Disease\r | ix | ||
| More Than Just the Heart: Transition and Psychosocial Issues in Adult Congenital Heart Disease\r | ix | ||
| Evaluation of Health Care Quality in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease\r | ix | ||
| CARDIOLOGY CLINICS\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| February 2016 | xi | ||
| May 2016 | xi | ||
| August 2016 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| August 2015 | xi | ||
| May 2015 | xi | ||
| February 2015 | xi | ||
| Preface: Adult Congenital Heart Disease: The Coming Tide\r | xiii | ||
| Adult Congenital Heart Disease | 503 | ||
| Key points | 503 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 503 | ||
| PREVALENCE OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN | 504 | ||
| Incidence and Birth Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease | 504 | ||
| Sex Differences in Congenital Heart Disease Distribution and Outcomes | 504 | ||
| Mortality and Survival Shifts in the Congenital Heart Disease Population | 505 | ||
| Prevalence and Population Size of Adult Congenital Heart Disease | 506 | ||
| SPECIAL NEEDS AND THE IMPACT ON HEALTH SERVICES UTILIZATION | 506 | ||
| Disease Burden | 506 | ||
| Impact on Health Services Utilization | 507 | ||
| BRIDGING THE POLICY TO QUALITY GAP | 508 | ||
| Impact of Specialized Adult Congenital Heart Disease Care on Mortality | 508 | ||
| Planning Specialized Care of Patients with Adult Congenital Heart Disease | 508 | ||
| Delivering Specialized Adult Congenital Heart Disease Care | 509 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 510 | ||
| REFERENCES | 510 | ||
| Shunt Lesions | 513 | ||
| Key points | 513 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 513 | ||
| ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT | 513 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 514 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 514 | ||
| Indications for Intervention | 515 | ||
| Late Management Issues | 515 | ||
| Pregnancy | 516 | ||
| VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT | 516 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 516 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 517 | ||
| Indications for Intervention | 517 | ||
| Late Management Issues | 517 | ||
| Pregnancy | 518 | ||
| PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS | 518 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 518 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 518 | ||
| Indications for Intervention | 519 | ||
| Late Management Issues | 519 | ||
| Pregnancy | 519 | ||
| REFERENCES | 519 | ||
| Coarctation of the Aorta | 521 | ||
| Key points | 521 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 521 | ||
| CAUSE AND PATHOGENESIS OF COARCTATION | 521 | ||
| ASSOCIATED CONGENITAL HEART LESIONS | 522 | ||
| NONCARDIAC ASSOCIATIONS | 522 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 523 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION | 523 | ||
| CARDIAC MRI | 524 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 525 | ||
| CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION | 526 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION | 526 | ||
| SURGICAL AND TRANSCATHETER THERAPIES | 526 | ||
| LONG-TERM COMPLICATIONS | 527 | ||
| RECOARCTATION AND ANEURYSM DEVELOPMENT | 527 | ||
| MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF SYSTOLIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION | 527 | ||
| SUMMARY | 528 | ||
| REFERENCES | 528 | ||
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 531 | ||
| Key points | 531 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 531 | ||
| ANATOMY AND INITIAL SURGICAL REPAIR | 531 | ||
| ANATOMIC SEQUELAE OF REPAIRED TETRALOGY OF FALLOT | 532 | ||
| GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF OUTPATIENT SURVEILLANCE | 532 | ||
| Choice of Imaging Modality | 533 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF RESIDUAL PULMONARY VALVE DYSFUNCTION | 533 | ||
| Surgical Versus Percutaneous Approach to Pulmonary Valve Replacement | 534 | ||
| ARRHYTHMIAS AND RISK OF SUDDEN DEATH | 536 | ||
| THE LEFT HEART IN TETRALOGY OF FALLOT | 537 | ||
| Aortic Root Dilation | 537 | ||
| Left Ventricular Dysfunction | 537 | ||
| HEART FAILURE IN TETRALOGY OF FALLOT | 537 | ||
| PREGNANCY AFTER TETRALOGY OF FALLOT REPAIR | 537 | ||
| SUMMARY | 538 | ||
| REFERENCES | 538 | ||
| Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries | 543 | ||
| Key points | 543 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 543 | ||
| TERMS | 543 | ||
| Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries | 544 | ||
| Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries | 544 | ||
| SURGICAL PALLIATION | 545 | ||
| Blalock-Hanlon | 545 | ||
| Rashkind | 545 | ||
| Mustard/Senning Operation: the Atrial Switch | 545 | ||
| Arterial Switch Operation | 545 | ||
| Mustard/Senning Takedown with Arterial Switch | 545 | ||
| Pulmonary Artery Band | 547 | ||
| LONG-TERM OUTCOMES | 547 | ||
| Survival | 547 | ||
| Fontan Repair of Single Ventricle Physiology | 559 | ||
| Key points | 559 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 559 | ||
| SINGLE VENTRICLE EPIDEMIOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND PHYSIOLOGY | 559 | ||
| ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS OF THE FONTAN OPERATION | 560 | ||
| LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AND MORTALITY | 561 | ||
| CAUSES AND POTENTIAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT | 561 | ||
| Arrhythmias | 561 | ||
| Mechanical or Structural Lesions | 562 | ||
| Cyanosis | 562 | ||
| Elevated Pulmonary Vascular Resistance | 563 | ||
| Ventricular Dysfunction | 563 | ||
| PROTEIN LOSING ENTEROPATHY | 563 | ||
| EXTRACARDIAC ORGAN SYSTEM INTERACTION | 565 | ||
| Liver Disease | 565 | ||
| Thromboembolic Complications | 565 | ||
| Pulmonary Complications | 565 | ||
| MECHANICAL ASSIST DEVICES AND TRANSPLANTATION | 566 | ||
| SUMMARY | 566 | ||
| REFERENCES | 566 | ||
| Arrhythmias in Adult Congenital Heart Disease | 571 | ||
| Key points | 571 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 571 | ||
| FORMS OF TACHYCARDIA IN ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE | 572 | ||
| Supraventricular Tachycardias Occurring in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease | 572 | ||
| Intra-atrial Reentry Tachycardia | 572 | ||
| Atrial Fibrillation | 574 | ||
| Ventricular Arrhythmias | 574 | ||
| Bradyarrhythmias | 575 | ||
| Sinus node dysfunction | 575 | ||
| Atrioventricular node dysfunction | 575 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE | 575 | ||
| Atrial Arrhythmias | 575 | ||
| Thromboprophylaxis in Atrial Arrhythmias | 577 | ||
| Pharmacologic Management: Ventricular Arrhythmias | 578 | ||
| Catheter Ablation | 578 | ||
| Supraventricular arrhythmias | 578 | ||
| Atrial arrhythmias | 579 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 580 | ||
| Ventricular tachycardia | 580 | ||
| Unique challenges for catheter ablation in the adult congenital heart disease population | 580 | ||
| Surgical Management of Arrhythmias | 580 | ||
| Device Therapy in Congenital Heart Disease | 580 | ||
| Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators | 581 | ||
| SUMMARY | 582 | ||
| REFERENCES | 583 | ||
| Heart Failure in Adult Congenital Heart Disease | 589 | ||
| Key points | 589 | ||
| UNDERSTANDING HEART FAILURE IN ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE | 589 | ||
| INVASIVE HEMODYNAMIC EVALUATION AND TRANSCATHETER INTERVENTIONS IN ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE–RELATED HEART FAILURE | 590 | ||
| ARRHYTHMIA INTERVENTIONS IN ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE-RELATED HEART FAILURE | 592 | ||
| OPERATIVE INTERVENTIONS IN ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE–RELATED HEART FAILURE | 593 | ||
| PALLIATIVE CARE IN ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE–RELATED HEART FAILURE | 595 | ||
| SUMMARY | 595 | ||
| REFERENCES | 596 | ||
| Pulmonary Hypertension in Congenital Heart Disease | 599 | ||
| Key points | 599 | ||
| INTRODUCTION AND DEMOGRAPHICS | 599 | ||
| Classification and Mechanisms of Pulmonary Hypertension in Congenital Heart Disease | 600 | ||
| CLINICAL EVALUATION | 600 | ||
| Physical Examination and Bedside Tests Including 6-minute Walk Testing | 600 | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamics | 602 | ||
| Echocardiography | 602 | ||
| Therapy | 602 | ||
| Patent Left-to-Right Shunts with Normal Pulmonary Vascular Resistance and High Flow | 603 | ||
| Atrial Septal Defect with Elevated Pulmonary Vascular Resistance | 603 | ||
| Elevated Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension) After Shunt Closure or in the Context of a Small Shunt | 603 | ||
| Other Mechanical and Structural Intervention | 604 | ||
| PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS | 605 | ||
| Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Patients with Fontan Circulation | 605 | ||
| Segmental Pulmonary Hypertension | 606 | ||
| SUMMARY | 606 | ||
| REFERENCES | 606 | ||
| Pregnancy and Adult Congenital Heart Disease | 611 | ||
| Key points | 611 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 611 | ||
| NORMAL PREGNANCY PHYSIOLOGY | 613 | ||
| PRECONCEPTION COUNSELING | 613 | ||
| PRECONCEPTION RISK PREDICTION | 614 | ||
| CONGENITAL HEART DIAGNOSES | 615 | ||
| Shunt Lesions | 615 | ||
| Left Heart Outflow Obstructions | 616 | ||
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 617 | ||
| Ebstein Anomaly | 617 | ||
| Transposition of the Great Arteries | 618 | ||
| Fontan Circulation | 619 | ||
| Marfan Syndrome | 619 | ||
| ANESTHESIA AND DELIVERY | 620 | ||
| ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS | 621 | ||
| SUMMARY | 621 | ||
| REFERENCES | 622 | ||
| More Than Just the Heart | 625 | ||
| Key points | 625 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 625 | ||
| TRANSITION FROM PEDIATRIC TO ADULT CARE | 625 | ||
| Clinical Strategies to Optimize Transition | 626 | ||
| PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOMES | 627 | ||
| Biopsychosocial Challenges | 627 | ||
| North American Psychosocial Outcomes | 627 | ||
| Psychological functioning | 627 | ||
| Social functioning | 627 | ||
| European Psychosocial Outcomes | 628 | ||
| Psychological functioning | 628 | ||
| Social functioning | 628 | ||
| POTENTIAL CORRELATES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS | 629 | ||
| Demographic Factors | 629 | ||
| Sex and age | 629 | ||
| Education, employment, and marital status | 629 | ||
| Medical Factors | 629 | ||
| Surgical scarring | 629 | ||
| Disease complexity | 629 | ||
| Early hospitalizations | 630 | ||
| Implanted cardiac devices | 630 | ||
| CLINICAL STRATEGIES TO OPTIMIZE PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOMES | 630 | ||
| SUMMARY | 630 | ||
| REFERENCES | 631 | ||
| Evaluation of Health Care Quality in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease | 635 | ||
| Key points | 635 | ||
| WHAT IS QUALITY? | 635 | ||
| Quality Measurement and Quality Improvement | 636 | ||
| Reporting of Quality Measures | 637 | ||
| Quality as Assessed in Acquired Cardiovascular Disease in Adults, General Pediatrics, and Adult Congenital Heart Disease | 637 | ||
| Acquired cardiovascular disease in adults | 637 | ||
| Pediatrics | 637 | ||
| Adult congenital heart disease | 638 | ||
| CURRENT QUALITY EFFORTS IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE | 638 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 639 | ||
| REFERENCES | 640 | ||
| Index | 643 |